See also:

• SIR

SIR See also:

• GODFREY, SIR EDMUND BERRY (1621-1678)

GODFREY See also:

• SIR GODFREY KNELLER (1648-1723)

KNELLER (1648-1723)  , a portrait painter whose celebrity belongs chiefly to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in See also:

• LUBECK

Lubeck in the duchy of See also:

• HOLSTEIN
• HOLSTEIN, FRIEDRICH VON (1837–1909)

Holstein, of an See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• FAMILY

family, on the 8th of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1648 . He was at first intended for the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army, and was sent to See also:

• LEYDEN, JOHN (1775-1811)

Leyden to learn See also:

• MATHEMATICS (Gr. /saBnµar1Kil, Sc. vOcvn or E7rlQTt'µn; from p iN.La, "learning" or "science ")

mathematics and fortification . Showing, however, a marked preference for the See also:

• FINE

fine arts, he studied in the school of See also:

• REMBRANDT (1606-1669)

Rembrandt, and under See also:

• FERDINAND
• FERDINAND (1577-1650)
• FERDINAND (COLOGNE)
• FERDINAND (Span. Fernando or Hernando; Ital. Ferdinando or Ferrante; in O. H. Ger. Herinand, i.e. " brave in the host," from O. H. G. Heri, "army," A. S. here, Mod. Ger. Heer, and the Goth. nan]jan, " to dare ")
• FERDINAND, MAXIMILIAN KARL LEOPOLD MARIA

Ferdinand Bol in See also:

• AMSTERDAM
• AMSTERDAM (NEw AMSTERDAM)

Amsterdam . In 1672 he removed to See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy, directing his See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention to See also:

• TITIAN
• TITIAN (c. 1477-1576)

Titian and the See also:

• CARACCI, LODOVICO, AGOSTINO

Caracci; Carlo Maratta gave him some guidance and encouragement . In See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome, and more especially in See also:

• VENICE
• VENICE (continued)
• VENICE (Venezia)

Venice, See also:

• KNELLER, SIR GODFREY (1648-1723)

Kneller earned considerable reputation by See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical paintings as well as portraits . He next went to See also:

• HAMBURG

Hamburg, See also:

• PAINTING

painting with still increasing success . In 1674 he came to England at the invitation of the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• MONMOUTH (Welsh Mynwy)
• MONMOUTH, BATTLE OF (1778)
• MONMOUTH, JAMES SCOTT
• MONMOUTH, ROBERT CAREY, 1ST EARL OF (c. 1560-1639)

Monmouth, was introduced to See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles II., and painted that See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign, much to his See also:

• SATISFACTION (Lat. salisfacerc, to satisfy)

satisfaction, several times . Charles also sent him to See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, to take the portrait of See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis XIV . When See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter See also:

• LELY, SIR PETER (1617—168o)

Lely died in 168o, Kneller, who produced in England little or nothing in the historical See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department, remained without a See also:

• RIVAL

rival in the ranks of portrait painting; there was no native-born competition See also:

• WORTH
• WORTH, CHARLES FREDERICK (1825-1895)

worth speaking of . Charles appointed him See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court painter; and he continued to hold the same See also:

• POST

post into the days of See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George I . Under See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William III . (1692) he was made a See also:

• KNIGHT, CHARLES (1791-1873)
• KNIGHT, DANIEL RIDGWAY (1845– )
• KNIGHT, JOHN BUXTON (1843–1908)

knight, under George I .

(1715) a See also:

• BARONET

baronet, and by See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order of the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• LEOPOLD (M.H. Ger. Liupolt; O.H. Ger. Liupald, from hut, Mod. Ger. Leute, " people," and paid, " bold," i.e. " bold for the people ")

Leopold I. a knight of the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• EMPIRE

Empire . Not only his court favour but his See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general fame likewise was large: he was lauded by See also:

• DRYDEN, JOHN (1631-1700)

Dryden, See also:

• ADDISON, JOSEPH (1672-1719)

Addison, See also:

• STEELE
• STEELE, ANNE (1717-1778)
• STEELE, SIR RICHARD (1672-1729)
• STEELE, THOMAS (1788-1848)
• STEELE, WILLIAM (d. 1680)

Steele, See also:

• PRIOR (from Lat. prior—former, and hence superior, through O. Fr. priour)
• PRIOR, MATTHEW (1664-1721)

Prior, See also:

• TICKELL, THOMAS (1686-174o)

Tickell and See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

Pope . Kneller's gains also were very considerable; aided by habits of frugality which approached stinginess, he See also:

• LEFT

left See also:

• PROPERTY

property yielding an See also:

• ANNUAL

annual income of £2000 . His See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry was maintained till the last . His studio had at first been in Covent See also:

• GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

Garden, but in his closing years he lived in Kneller See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

Hall, See also:

• TWICKENHAM

Twickenham . He died of See also:

• FEVER (Lat. febris, connected with fervere, to burn)

fever, the date being generally given as the 7th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1723, though some accounts say 1726 . He was buried in Twickenham See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church, and has a See also:

• MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument in See also:

• WESTMINSTER
• WESTMINSTER, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• WESTMINSTER, STATUTES OF
• WESTMINSTER, SYNODS OF

Westminster See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

Abbey . An See also:

• ELDER (0. Eng. ellarn; Ger. Holunder; Fr. sureau)
• ELDER (Gr. 1rpev(3iTepos)

elder See also:

• BROTHER

brother, See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John Zachary Kneller, an ornamental painter, had accompanied See also:

• GODFREY, SIR EDMUND BERRY (1621-1678)

Godfrey to England, and had died in 1702 . The See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style of Sir Godfrey Kneller as a portrait painter represented the decline of that See also:

• ART

art as practised by Vandyck; Lely marks the first grade of descent, and Kneller the second . His See also:

• WORKS

works have much freedom, and are well See also:

• DRAWN

drawn and coloured; but they are mostly slight in manner, and to a See also:

• GREAT

great extent monotonous, this arising partly from the See also:

• HABIT (through the French from Lat. habitus, from habere, to have, hold, or, in a reflective sense, to be in a certain condition; in many of the English senses the French use habitude, not habit)

habit which he had of lengthening the See also:

• OVAL (Lat. ovum, egg)

oval of all his heads . The colouring may be called brilliant rather than true . He indulged much in the See also:

• COMMON

common-places of See also:

• ALLEGORY (iXXos, other, and ayopeuav, to speak)

allegory; and, though he had a quality of dignified elegance not unallied with simplicity, genuine See also:

• SIMPLE

simple nature is seldom to be traced in his works .

His fame has greatly declined, and could not but do so after the See also:

• ADVENT (Lat. Adventus, sc. Redemptoris, " the coming of the Saviour ")

advent of See also:

• REYNOLDS, JOHN FULTON (182o-1863)
• REYNOLDS, SIR JOSHUA (1723-1792)
• REYNOLDS, WALTER (d. 1327)

Reynolds . Among Kneller's See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal paintings are the "See also:

• FORTY

Forty-three Celebrities of the See also:

• KIT (1) (probably an adaptation of the Middle Dutch kitie, a wooden tub, usually with a lid and handles; in modern Dutch kit means a tankard)

Kit-See also:

• CAT
• CAT, CIVET
• CAT, HOUSE

Cat See also:

• CLUB (connected with " clump ")

Club," and the " Ten Beauties of the Court of William III.," now at See also:

• HAMPTON
• HAMPTON, WADE (1818-1902)

Hampton Court; these were painted by order of the See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen; they match, but match unequally, the " Beauties of the Court of Charles II.," painted by Lely . He executed altogether the likenesses of ten sovereigns, and fourteen of his works appear in the See also:

• NATIONAL

National Portrait See also:

• GALLERY (through Ital. galleria, from Med. Lat. galeria, of which the origin is unknown)

Gallery . It is said that Kneller's own favourite performance was the portrait of the " Converted See also:

• CHINESE, JAPANESE AND

Chinese " in See also:

• WINDSOR
• WINDSOR (properly NEw WINDSOR)

Windsor See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

Castle . His later works are confined almost entirely to England, not more than two or three specimens having gone abroad after he had settled here . (W . M .