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SIR JAMES KNOWLES (1831-1908)

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Originally appearing in Volume V15, Page 877 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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SIR See also:JAMES See also:KNOWLES (1831-1908)  , See also:English architect and editor, was See also:born in See also:London in 1831, and was educated, with a view to following his See also:father's profession, as an architect at University See also:College and in See also:Italy . His See also:literary tastes also brought him at an See also:early See also:age into the See also:field of authorship . In 186o he published The See also:Story of See also:King See also:Arthur . In 1867 he was introduced to See also:Tennyson, whose See also:house, Aldworth, on Blackdown, he designed; this led to a See also:close friendship, See also:Knowles assisting Tennyson in business matters, and among other things helping to See also:design scenery for The See also:Cup, when See also:Irving produced that See also:play in 1880 . Knowles became intimate with a number of the most interesting men of the See also:day, and in 1869, with Tennyson's co-operation, he started the Metaphysical Society, the See also:object of which was to See also:attempt some intellectual rapprochement between See also:religion and See also:science by getting the leading representatives of faith and unfaith to meet and See also:exchange views . The members from first to last were as follows: See also:Dean See also:Stanley, See also:Seeley, Roden See also:Noel, See also:Martineau, W . B . See also:Carpenter, See also:Hinton, See also:Huxley See also:Pritchard, See also:Hutton; See also:Ward, See also:Bagehot, See also:Fronde, Tennyson, Tynde.h See also:Alfred See also:Barry, See also:Lord Arthur See also:Russell, See also:Gladstone, See also:Manning, Knowles . Lord See also:Avebury, Dean See also:Alford, Alex . See also:Grant, See also:Bishop See also:Thirlwall, F . See also:Harrison, Father See also:Dalgairns, See also:Sir G . See also:Grove, Shadworth See also:Hodgson .

H . See also:

Sidgwick, E . Lushington, Bishop Ellicott, See also:Mark See also:Pattison, See also:duke of See also:Argyll, See also:Ruskin, See also:Robert See also:Lowe, Grant See also:Duff, See also:Greg, A . C . See also:Fraser, See also:Henry See also:Acland, See also:Maurice, See also:Archbishop See also:Thomson, See also:Mozley, Dean See also:Church, Bishop See also:Magee, Croom See also:Robertson, FitzJames See also:Stephen, See also:Sylvester, J . C . Bucknill, See also:Andrew See also:Clark, W . K . See also:Clifford, St See also:George See also:Mivart, M . See also:Boulton, Lord See also:Selborne, See also:John See also:Morley, See also:Leslie Stephen, F . See also:Pollock, Gasquct, C . B .

Upton, See also:

William See also:Gull, Robert See also:Clarke, A . J . See also:Balfour, See also:James See also:Sully and A . Barratt . Papers were read and discussed at the various meetings on such subjects as the ultimate grounds of belief in the See also:objective and moral sciences, the See also:immortality of the soul, &c . An interesting description of one of the meetings was given by Magee (then bishop of See also:Peterborough) in a See also:letter of 13th of See also:February 1873: " Archbishop Manning in the See also:chair was flanked by two See also:Protestant bishops right and See also:left; on my right was Hutton, editor of the Spectator, an Arian; then came Father Dalgairns, a very able See also:Roman See also:Catholic See also:priest; opposite him Lord A . Russell, a Deist; then two Scotch metaphysical writers, Freethinkers; then Knowles, the very broad editor of the Contemporary; then, dressed as a layman and looking like a See also:country See also:squire, was Ward, formerly Rev . Ward, and earliest of the perverts to See also:Rome; then Greg, author of The Creed of Christendom, a Deist; then See also:Froude, the historian, once a See also:deacon in our Church, now a Deist; then Roden Noel, an actual Atheist and red republican, and looking very like one ! Lastly Ruskin, who read a See also:paper on miracles, which we discussed for an See also:hour and a See also:half ! Nothing could be calmer, fairer, or even, on the whole, more reverent then the discussion . In my See also:opinion, we, the Christians, had much the best of it . Dalgairns, the priest, was very masterly; Manning, See also:clever and precise and weighty; Fronde, very acute, and so was Greg .

We only wanted a See also:

Jew and a See also:Mahommedan to make our Religious Museum See also:complete " (See also:Life, i . 284) . The last See also:meeting of the society was held on 16th May 1880 . Huxley said that it died " of too much love "; Tennyson, " be-cause after ten years of strenuous effort no one had succeeded in even defining See also:metaphysics." According to Dean Stanley, " We all meant the same thing if we only knew it." The society formed the See also:nucleus of the distinguished See also:list of contributors who supported Knowles in his capacity as an editor . In 187o he became editor of the Contemporary See also:Review, but left it in 1877 and founded the Nineteenth See also:Century (to the See also:title of which, in 1901, were added the words And After) . Both See also:periodicals became very influential under him, and formed the type of the new sort of monthly review which came to occupy the See also:place formerly held by the quarterlies . In 1904 he received the See also:honour of See also:knighthood . He died at See also:Brighton on the 13th of February 1908 .

End of Article: SIR JAMES KNOWLES (1831-1908)
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