KOVNO  , a See also:

• TOWN

town and fortress of See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia, See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government of the same name, stands at the confluence of the Niemen with the- Viliya, 550 M . S.W. of St See also:

• PETERSBURG

Petersburg by See also:

• RAIL

rail, and 55 m. from the Prussian frontier . Pop . (1863), 23,937; (1903), 73,743, nearly one-See also:

• HALF

half being See also:

• JEWS
• JEWS (Heb. Y8hudi, man of Judah; Gr. 'Iovbaiot; Lat. Judaei)

Jews . It consists of a cramped Old Town and a New Town stretching up the See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the Niemen . It is a first-class fortress, being surrounded at a mean distance of 22 M. by a See also:

• GIRDLE (O. Eng. gyrdel, from gyrdan, to gird; cf. Ger. Gurtel, Dutch gordel, from giirten and gorden; "gird" and its doublet " girth " together with the other Teutonic cognates have been referred by some to the root ghar—to seize, enclose, seen in Gr. )(s

girdle of forts, eleven in number . The town lies for the most See also:

• PART

part in the See also:

• FORK (Lat. furca)

fork and is guarded by three forts in the direction of See also:

• VILNA, or WILN0
• VILNA, or WILNO

Vilna, one covers the Vilna See also:

• BRIDGE

bridge, while the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern approaches are protected by seven . Kovno commands and bars the railway Vilna-EydYkuhnen . Its factories produce nails, See also:

• WIRE (A.S. wir, a wire; cf. Swed. vire, to twist, M.H.G. wiere, a gold ornament, Lat. viriae, armlets, ultimately from the root wi, to twist, bind)

wire-See also:

• WORK

work and other See also:

• METAL
• METAL (through Fr. from Lat. metallum, mine, quarry, adapted from Gr. µATaXAov, in the same sense, probably connected with ,ueraAAdv, to search after, explore, µeTa, after, aAAos, other)

metal goods, See also:

• MEAD
• MEAD, LARKIN GOLDSMITH (1835— )
• MEAD, RICHARD (1673—1754)

mead and See also:

• BONE (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages, in many of which it is confined to the shank of the leg, as in the German Bein)
• BONE, HENRY (1755-1834)

bone-See also:

• MEAL

meal . It is an important See also:

• ENTREPOT (a French word, from the Lat. interpositum, that which is placed between)

entrepot for See also:

• TIMBER

timber, cereals, See also:

• FLAX

flax, See also:

• FLOUR

flour, See also:

• SPIRITS

spirits, bone-meal, See also:

• FISH (O. Eng. fist, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch visch, Ger. Fisch, Goth. fisks, cognate with the Lat. piscis)
• FISH, HAMILTON (1808-1893)

fish, See also:

• COAL

coal and See also:

• BUILDING

building-See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone passing from and to See also:

• PRUSSIA
• PRUSSIA (Ger. Preussen; Lat. Borussia)

Prussia . The See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city possesses some 15th-See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century churches . It was founded in the 11th century; and from 1384 to 1398 belonged to the See also:

• TEUTONIC
• TEUTONIC (GERMANIC) LANGUAGES

Teutonic Knights .

See also:

• TSAR, or CZAR

Tsar See also:

• ALEXIS
• ALEXIS, WILLIBALD

Alexis of Russia plundered and burnt it in 1655 . Here the Russians defeated the Poles on the 26th of See also:

• JUNE

June 1831 .