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NAHMAN KROCHMAL (1785–1840)

PRINCE PETER ALEXEIVICH KROPOTKIN (1842- )

KROTOSCHIN (in Polish, Krotoszyn)

BARONESS VON BARBARA JULIANA KRUDENER (1764-1824)

WILHELM TRAUGOTT KRUG (1770-1842)

STEPHANUS JOHANNES PAULUS KRUGER (1825-1904)

KRUMAU (in Czech, Krumlov)

CARL KRUMBACHER (1856–1909)

KRUMEN (KROOMEN, KROOBOYS, KRUS, or CROOS)

FRIEDRICH ADOLF KRUMMACHER (1767–1845)

ALFRED KRUPP (1812—1887)

ADAM IVAN KRUSENSTERN (1770-1846)

KRUSHEVATS (or KRUSEVAC)

JAN KUBELIK (188o– )

KUBERA (or KuVERA)

KUBLAI KHAN (or KAAN, as the supreme ruler descended from Jenghiz was usually distinctively termed in the 13th century) (1216-1294)

ABRAHAM KUENEN (1828-1891)

FRANZ FELIX ADALBERT KUHN (1812–1881)

WILLY KUHNE (1837-1900)

KUKA, or KUKAWA

KUKU KHOTO (Chinese Kwei-hwa)

KULJA (Chinese, Ili-ho)

KULMBACH, or CULMBACH

KUMAIT IBN ZAID (679-743)

KUMQUAT (Citrus japonica)

KUMTA, or COOMPTA

AUGUST ADOLPH EDUARD EBERHARD KUNDT (1839-1894)

KUNKEL (or KUNCKEL) VON LOWENSTJERN, JOHANN (1630-1703)

PRINCE BORIS IVANOVICH KURAKIN (1676–r727)

KURBASH, or KOURBASH (from the Arabic qurbash, a whip; Turkish girbach; and French courbache)

KURIA MURIA ISLANDS

KURILES (Jap. Chishima, " thousand islands ")

KURNOOL, or KARNUL

COUNT ITEI KUROKI (1844– )

ALEXEI NIKOLAIEVICH KUROPATKIN (1848– )

KURSEONG, or KARSIANG

JOHANN HEINRICH KURTZ (1809—1890)

KURUNTWAD, or KURANDVAD

HERMANN KURZ (1813—1873)

KUSAN ("lake " or " inland bay ")

KUSTENLAND (coast-land or littoral)

KUTENAI (Kutonaga)

KUTTALAM, or COURTALLUM

KUTTENBERG (Czech, Kutnd Hora)

PRINCE OF SMOLENSK MIKHAIL LARIONOVICH KUTUSOV [GoLENISHCHEV-KUTUSOV] (1745-1813)

KUWET (KuwEIT, KOWEIT)

KVASS, or KVASS (a Russian word for " leaven ")

KWANZA (COANZA or QtANZA)

THOMAS KYD (1558-1594)

EDWARD KYNASTON (c. 1640-17o6)

KYRIE (in full kyrie eleison, or eleeson, Gr. Kvpte MEssvov; cf. Ps. cxxii. 3, Matt. xv. 22, &c., meaning " Lord, have mercy ")

JOHN KYRLE (1637-1724)

STROPHOID L0G0CYCLIC CURVE

ERNST LAAS (1837-1885)

LOUISE CHARLIN PERRIN LABE (c. 1525-1566)

LABEL (a French word, now represented by lambeau, possibly a variant; it is of obscure origin and may be connected with a Teutonic word appearing in the English " lap," a flap or fold)

MARCUS ANTISTIUS LABEO (c. 50 B.C.–A.D. 18)

DECIMUS LABERIUS (c. 105–43 B.C.)

LABIATAE (i.e. " lipped," Lat. labium, lip)

EUGENE MARIN LABICHE (1815-1888)

LABID (Abu 'Agil Labicl ibn Rabi'a) (c. 56o-c. 661)

LUIGI LABLACHE (1794–1858)

THE LABOUR CHURCH

LABOUR EXCHANGE

LABOUR LEGISLATION

LABRADORITE, or LABRADOR SPAR

LABRUM (Lat. for " lip ")

LABUAN (a corruption of the Malay word labuh-an, signifying an " anchorage ")

LABYRINTH (Gr. Xa(3vpcvOos, Lat. labyrinthus)

LABYRINTHULIDEA

NICOLAS LOUIS DE LACAILLE (1713-1762)

SIR JAMES [Giacomo] LACAITA (1813-1895)

LACCADIVE ISLANDS

LACCOLITE (Gr. XhKKOS, cistern, XLOos, stone)

LACE (corresponding to Ital. merletto, trina; Genoese Pizzo; Ger. spitzen; Fr. dentelle; Dutch kanten; Span. encaje; the English word owes something to the Fr. lassis or laces, but both are connected with the earlier Lat. laqueus; early French laces were

LACHES (from Anglo-French lachesse, negligence, from lasche, modern ldche, unloosed, slack)

KARL KONRAD FRIEDRICH WILHELM LACHMANN (1793-1851)

PROMUNTURIUM LACINIUM (mod. Capo delle Colonne), 7

LACONIA (Gr. AaKWVLK1])

LACONICUM (i.e. Spartan, sc. balneum, bath)

JEAN BAPTISTE HENRI LACORDAIRE (1802-1861)

LACQUER, or LACICER

PIERRE LOUIS DE LACRETELLE (1751-1824)

ANTOINE FRANCOIS ALFRED LACROIX (1863— )

PAUL LACROIX (1806—1884)

LACROMA (Serbo-Croatian Lokrum)

LACRYMATORY (from Lat. lacrima, a tear)

LACTANTIUS FIRMIANUS (c. 26o-c. 340)

LACTIC ACID (hydroxypropionic acid), C3H603

LACUZON (O. Fr. la cuzon, disturbance)

COUNT FRANZ MORITZ LACY (1725-1801)

HARRIETTE DEBORAH LACY (1807-1874)

MICHAEL ROPHINO LACY (1795–1867)

LACYDES OF CYRENE

LADAKH AND BALTISTAN

GEORGE TRUMBULL LADD (1842– )

LADDER (0. Eng. hlaeder; of Teutonic origin, cf. Dutch leer, Ger. Leiter; the ultimate origin is in the root seen in " lean," Or. KNiµat)

LADING (from " to lade," O. Eng. hladan, to put cargo on board; cf. " load "), BILL OF

LADOGA (formerly NEvo)

LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

LAER (or LAAR), PIETER VAN (1613-c. 1675)

JULIUS POMPONIUS [Giulio Pomponio Leto] LAETUS (1425-1498)

LAEVIUS (? c. 8o B.C.)

LAEVULINIC ACID ((3-acetopropionic acid), C5H803

JACQUES LAFFITTE (1767-1844)

PIERRE LAFFITTE (1823-1903)

PIERRE CHERI LAFONT (1797-1873)

BART SIR LOUIS HIPPOLYTE LAFONTAINE

CHARLES DE LAFOSSE (1640—1716)

PAUL ANTON DE LAGARDE (1827–1891)

LAGASH, or SIRPURLA

LAGOON (Fr. lagune, Lat. lacuna, a pool)

JOSEPH LOUIS LAGRANGE (1736-1813)

LOUIS JEAN FRANCOIS LAGRENEE (1724-1805)

JEAN HENRI GEORGES LAGUERRE (1858— )

LAGUNA, or LA LAGUNA

LAURENT DE LAHIRE (1606-1656)

LAHNDA (properly Lahnda or Lahinda, western, or Lahnde- di boli, the language of the West)

LAIBACH (Slovenian, Ljubljana)

WILLIAM LAIDLAW (1780-1845)

ALEXANDER GORDON LAING (1793–1826)

DAVID LAING (1793–1878)

MALCOLM LAING (1762-1818)

SAMUEL LAING (1810-1897)

MACGREGOR LAIRD (18o8—1861)

CHARLES ANNE LAISANT (1841– )

JOSEPH LAKANAL (1762-1845)

LAKE OF THE WOODS

1ST VISCOUNT GERARD LAKE LAKE (1744-1808)

LAKH (from the Sans. laksha, one hundred thousand)

LAKSHMI (Sans. for " mark," " sign," generally used in composition with punya, " prosperous "; hence " good sign," " good fortune ")

JACQUES DE LALAING (c. 1420-1453)

JOSEPH JEROME LEFRANCAIS DE LALANDE (1732-1807)

COMTE DE THOMAS ARTHUR LALLY

EDOUARD LALO (1823-1892)

LUCIUS QUINTUS CINCINNATUS LAMAR (1825-1893)

LAMB (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Lamm)

CHARLES LAMB (1775–1834)

PRINCESSE DE MARIE THERESE LOUISE OF SAVOYCARIGNANO LAMBALLE (1749-1792)

JEF LAMBEAUX (JOSEPH MARIE THOMAS), (1852-1908)

BARON AUGUSTE LAMBERMONT (1819-1905)

LAMBERT OF HERSFELD (d. c. ro88)

JOHN LAMBERT [alias NICHOLSON] (d. 1538)

DANIEL LAMBERT (1770-1809)

FRANCIS LAMBERT (c 1486-153o)

JOHANN HEINRICH LAMBERT (1728–1777)

JOHN LAMBERT (1619-1694)

LAMBETH CONFERENCES

DIONYSIUS LAMBINUS

LAMELLIBRANCHIA (Lat. lamella, a small or thin plate, and Gr. /3payxia, gills)

HUGUES LAMENNAIS

LAMENTATIONS (Lamentations of Jeremiah)

COMTE DE ALEXANDRE THEODORE VICTOR LAMETH (1760-1829)

JULIEN OFFRAY DE LAMETTRIE (1709-1751)

LAMMAS (0. Eng. hlammaesse, hlafmaesse, from hlaf, loaf, and maesse, mass, "loaf-mass")

LAMMERGEYER (Ger. Lammergeier, Lamm, lamb, and Geier, vulture)

JOHANN VON LAMONT (1805–1879)

CHRISTOPHE LEON LOUIS JUCHAULT DE LAMORICIERE (18o6–1865)

CHARLES LAMOUREUX (1834-1899)

LAMP (from Gr. Xag ras, a torch, Xaµaav, to shine)

LAMPETER (Llanbedr-pont-Stephan)

LAMPROPHYRES (from Gr. Xaurp6s, bright, and the terminal part of the word porphyry, meaning rocks containing bright porphyritic crystals)

HOUSE OF LANCASTER

JOHN OF GAUNT LANCASTER

JOSEPH LANCASTER (1778-1838)

SIR JAMES LANCASTER (f1. 1591—1618)

EARL OF THOMAS LANCASTER (c. 1277-1322)

LANCELOT (Lancelot du Lac, or Lancelot of the Lake)

LANCET (from Fr. lancette, dim. of lance, lance)

LANCIANO (anc. Anxanum)

NICOLAS LANCRET (1660-1743)

LAND REGISTRATION

JOHN LANDEN (1719–1790)

RICHARD LEMON LANDER (1804–1834)

LANDGRAVE (Ger. Landgraf, from Land, " a country" and Graf, "count" )

LANDLORD AND TENANT

CHARLES PAUL LANDON (1760-1826)

LETITIA ELIZABETH LANDON (18o2-1838)

WALTER SAVAGE LANDOR (1775-1864)

LANDSBERG AM LECH

LANDSBERG BEI HALLE

SIR EDWIN HENRY LANDSEER (1802-1873)

EDWARD WILLIAM LANE (1801–1876)

JAMES HENRY LANE (1814–1866)

JEAN MARIE ANTOINE DE LANESSAN (1843– )

LANFRANC (d. 1089)

PIERRE LANFREY (1828-1877)

MATTHAUS LANG VON WELLENBURG (1469–1540)

ANDREW LANG (1844— )

RITTER VON KARL HEINRICH LANG (1764-1835)

CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS LANGDELL (1826—19(36)

JOHN LANGDON (1741—1819)

ANNE FRANCOISE ELIZABETH LANGE (1772—1816)

ERNST PHILIPP KARL LANGE (1813—1899)

FRIEDRICH ALBERT LANGE (1828—1875)

JOHANN PETER LANGE (1802-1884)

JOSEPH LANGEN (1837-1901)

BERNHARD RUDOLF KONRAD VON LANGENBECK (1810-1887)

SIMON LANGHAM (d. 1376)

JOHN LANGHORNE (1735–1779)

MARYAN LANGIEWICZ (1827–1887)

WILLIAM LANGLAND (c. 1332–c. 1400)

SAMUEL PIERPONT LANGLEY (1834-1906)

HIPPOLYTE LANGLOIS (1839— )

PETER LANGTOFT (d. c. 1307)

JOHN LANGTON (d. 1337)

STEPHEN LANGTON (d. 1228)

WALTER LANGTON (d. 1321)

LILLIE LANGTRY (1852– )

LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

HUBERT LANGUET (1518-1581)

SIDNEY LANIER (1842–1881)

COMTE JEAN DENIS LANJUINAIS (1753-1827)

CHARLES ROCKWELL LANMAN (1850- )

GUILLEBERT DE LANNOY (1386—1462)

LANOLIN (Lat. lana, wool, and oleum, oil)

1ST MARQUESS OF WILLIAM PETTY FITZMAURICE LANSDOWNE (1737-18o5)

SIMON MATHURIN LANTARA (1729-1778)

LANTERN (an adaptation of the Fr. lanterne from Lat. lanterna or laterna, supposed to be from Gr. Aa urritp, a torch or lamp, Aaµaew, to shine, cf. " lamp "; the 16th- and 17th-century form " lanthorn " is due to a mistaken derivation from " horn," as a m

LANTERNS OF THE DEAD

LANUVIUM (more frequently Lanivium in imperial times, mod. Civita Lavinia)

DOMENICO GIOVANNI GIUSEPPE MARIA LANZA (1810–1882)

LUIGI LANZI (1732–1810)

LAODICEA AD LYCUMM (mod. Denizli, q.v.)

SYNOD OF LAODICEA

LAPILLI (pl. of Ital. lapillo, from Lat. lapillus, dim. of lapis, a stone)

MARQUIS DE PIERRE SIMON LAPLACE (1749—1827)

LAPLAND, or LAPPLAND

ROLAND LAPORTE (1675-1704)

ALBERT AUGUSTE COCHON DE LAPPARENT (1839–19o8)