See also:

• KUNKEL (or KUNCKEL) VON LOWENSTJERN, JOHANN (1630-1703)

KUNKEL (or KUNCKEL) VON LOWENSTJERN, JOHANN (1630-1703)  , See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German chemist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in 1630 (or 1638), near See also:

• RENDSBURG

Rendsburg, his See also:

• FATHER

father being alchemist to the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of See also:

• HOLSTEIN
• HOLSTEIN, FRIEDRICH VON (1837–1909)

Holstein . He became chemist and See also:

• APOTHECARY (from the Lat. apothecarius, a keeper of an apotheca, Gr. aroth is , a store)

apothecary to the See also:

• DUKES
• DUKES, LEOPOLD (1810-1891)

dukes of See also:

• LAUENBURG

Lauenburg, and then to the elector of See also:

• SAXONY
• SAXONY (Ger. Provinz Sachsen)

Saxony, Johann Georg II., who put him in See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of the royal laboratory at See also:

• DRESDEN

Dresden . Intrigues engineered against him caused him to resign this position in 1677, and for a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time he lectured on See also:

• CHEMISTRY
• CHEMISTRY (formerly "chymistry"; Gr. xvµela; for derivation see ALCHEMY)

chemistry at See also:

• ANNABERG

Annaberg and See also:

• WITTEN

Witten-See also:

• BERG (Ducatus Montensis)

berg . Invited to See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin by See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William, in 1679 he be-came director of the laboratory and See also:

• GLASS
• GLASS (O.E. glees, cf. Ger. Glas, perhaps derived from an old Teutonic root gla-, a variant of glo-, having the general sense of shining, cf. " glare," " glow ")
• GLASS, STAINED

glass See also:

• WORKS

works of See also:

• BRANDENBURG

Brandenburg, and in 1688 See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles XI. brought him to See also:

• STOCKHOLM

Stockholm, giving him the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of See also:

• BARON
• BARON (1835-1895)
• BARON, MICHEL (1653—1729)

Baron von Lowenstyern in 1693 and making him a member of the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of mines . He died on the loth of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1703 (others say 1702) at Dreissighufen, his See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house near See also:

• PERNAU (in Russ. Pernov and in Esthonian Pernolin)

Pernau . See also:

• KUNKEL (or KUNCKEL) VON LOWENSTJERN, JOHANN (1630-1703)

Kunkel shares with See also:

• BOYLE
• BOYLE, JOHN J
• BOYLE, ROBERT (1627-1691)

Boyle the See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour of having discovered the See also:

• SECRET (Lat. secretum, hidden, concealed)

secret of the See also:

• PROCESS

process by which See also:

• BRAND, JOHN (1744-1806)
• BRAND, SIR JOHN HENRY (1823-1888)

Brand of See also:

• HAMBURG

Hamburg had prepared See also:

• PHOSPHORUS (Gr. 4ws, light, sPEpety, to bear)

phosphorus in 1669, and he found how to make artificial See also:

• RUBY (Lat. rubeus, red)

ruby (red glass) by the See also:

• INCORPORATION (from Lat. incorporare, to form into a body)

incorporation of See also:

• PURPLE

purple of See also:

• CASSIUS
• CASSIUS, AVIDIUS (d. A.D. 175)
• CASSIUS, GAIUS

Cassius . His See also:

• WORK

work also included observations on putrefaction and See also:

• FERMENTATION

fermentation, which he spoke of as sisters, on the nature of salts, and on the preparation of pure metals . Though he lived in anatmosphere of See also:

• ALCHEMY

alchemy, he derided the notion of the See also:

• ALKAHEST (a pseudo-Arabic word believed to have been invented by Paracclsus)

alkahest or universal solvent, and denounced the deceptions of the adepts who pretended to effect the transmutation of metals; but he believed See also:

• MERCURY
• MERCURY (MERCU1uus)
• MERCURY (symbol Hg, atomic weight = 2oo)

mercury to be a constituent of all metals and heavy minerals, though he held there was no See also:

• PROOF (in M. Eng. preove, proeve, preve, &°c., from O. Fr . prueve, proeve, &c., mod. preuve, Late. Lat. proba, probate, to prove, to test the goodness of anything, probus, good)

proof of the presence of " See also:

• SULPHUR

sulphur comburens." His See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief works were Oeffentliche Zuschrift von dem Phosphor Mirabil (1678) ; Ars vitriaria experimentalis (1689) and Laboralorium chymicum (1716) .