See also:

• LABRUM (Lat. for " lip ")

LABRUM (See also:

• LAT

Lat. for " See also:

• LIP (a word common in various forms, to Teutonic languages, cf Ger. Lippe, Dan. laebe; Lat. labium is cognate)

lip ")  , the large See also:

• VESSEL (O. Fr. vaissel, from a rare Lat. vascellum, dim. of vas, vase, urn)

vessel of the warm See also:

• BATH
• BATH, THOMAS THYNNE
• BATH, WILLIAM

bath in the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman thermae . These were cut out of See also:

• GREAT

great blocks of See also:

• MARBLE (from Lat. marmor, Gr. pApµapos, shining stone)

marble and See also:

• GRANITE (adapted from the Ital. granite, grained; Lat. granum, grain)

granite, and have generally an overhanging See also:

• LIP (a word common in various forms, to Teutonic languages, cf Ger. Lippe, Dan. laebe; Lat. labium is cognate)

lip . There is one in the Vatican of See also:

• PORPHYRY (IlopcPisptos) (A.D. 233-c. 304)

porphyry over 12 ft. in See also:

• DIAMETER (from the Cr. &a, through, µErpov, measure)

diameter . The See also:

• TERM

term See also:

• LABRUM (Lat. for " lip ")

labrum is used in See also:

• ZOOLOGY (from Gr. Nov, a living thing, and ?byos, theory)

zoology, of a lip or lip-like See also:

• PART

part; in See also:

• ENTOMOLOGY (Gr. iv-roµa, insects, and Xiryos, a discourse)

entomology it is applied specifically to the upper lip of an See also:

• INSECT

insect, the See also:

• LOWER

lower lip,being termed labium . LA BRUYERE, See also:

• JEAN

JEAN DE (164 1696), See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French essayist and moralist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris on the 16th of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1645, and not, as was once the See also:

• COMMON

common statement, at Dourdan (See also:

• SEINE
• SEINE (Lat. Sequana)
• SEINE, or SEAN (O. Fr. seigne, mod. seine, Lat. sagena, Gr. vaytivrl, a draw-net)

Seine-et-See also:

• OISE

Oise) in 1639 . His See also:

• FAMILY

family was of the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle class, and his reference to a certain See also:

• GEOFFROY
• GEOFFROY, ETIENNE FRANCOIS (1672-1731)
• GEOFFROY, JULIEN LOUIS (1743-1814)

Geoffroy de la Bruyere, a crusader, is only a satirical See also:

• ILLUSTRATION

illustration of a method of self-ennoblement common in See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France as in some other countries . Indeed he himself always signed the name Delabruyere in one word, thus avowing his roture . His progenitors, however, were of respectable position, and he could trace them back at least as far as his great-grandfather, who had been a strong Leaguer . La Bruyere's own See also:

• FATHER

father was controller-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general of See also:

• FINANCE

finance to the Hotel de Ville . The son was educated by the Oratorians and at the university of See also:

• ORLEANS
• ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
• ORLEANS, DUKES OF
• ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
• ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
• ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
• ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
• ORLEANS, LOUIS
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
• ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
• ORLEANS, PHILIP I
• ORLEANS, PHILIP II

Orleans; he was called to the See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

bar, and in 1673 bought a See also:

• POST

post in the See also:

• REVENUE
• REVENUE (0. Fr. revenu, from revenir, to return)

revenue See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department at See also:

• CAEN

Caen, which gave the status of noblesse and a certain income . In 1687 he sold this See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office . His predecessor in it was a relation of See also:

• BOSSUET, JAQUES BENIGNE (1627-1704)

Bossuet, and it is thought that the transaction was the cause of La Bruyere's introduction to the great orator .

Bossuet, who from the date of his own preceptorship of the dauphin, was a See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of See also:

• AGENT (from Lat. agere, to act)

agent-general for tutorships in the royal family. introduced him in 1684 to the See also:

• HOUSEHOLD, ROYAL

household of the great See also:

• CONDE
• CONDE, LOUIS DE BOURBON, PRINCE
• CONDE, LOUIS II
• CONDE, PRINCES OF

Conde, to whose See also:

• GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson See also:

• HENRI

Henri Jules de See also:

• BOURBON
• BOURBON, CHARLES, DUKE OF (149o-1527)

Bourbon as well as to that See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince's girl-See also:

• BRIDE (a common Teutonic word, e.g..Goth. bruths, O. Eng. bryd, O. H. Ger. prs2t, Mod. Ger. Bract, Dut. bruid, possibly derived from the root bru-, cook, brew; from the med. latinized form bruta, in the sense of daughter-in-law, is derived the Fr. bru)

bride Mlle de See also:

• NANTES
• NANTES, EDICT OF

Nantes, one of See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis XIV.'s natural See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children, La Bruyere became See also:

• TUTOR (Lat. tutor, guardian, tueri, to watch over, protect)

tutor . The See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of his See also:

• LIFE

life was passed in the household of the prince or else at See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court, and he seems to have profited by the inclination which all the Conde family had for the society of men of letters . Very little is known LA BRUYERE of the events of this part—or, indeed, of any part—of his life . The impression derived from the few notices of him is of a silent, observant, but somewhat awkward See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man, resembling in See also:

• MANNERS, CHARLES (1857– )

manners See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

Joseph See also:

• ADDISON, JOSEPH (1672-1719)

Addison, whose See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master in literature La Bruyere undoubtedly was . Yet despite the numerous enemies which his See also:

• BOOK

book raised up for him, most of these notices are favourable—notably that of See also:

• SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

Saint-See also:

• SIMON, ABRAHAM (1622-1692)
• SIMON, JULES FRANCOIS (1814–1896)
• SIMON, RICHARD (1638–1712)
• SIMON, SIR JOHN (1816–1904)
• SIMON, THOMAS (c. 1623-1665)

Simon, an acute See also:

• JUDGE (Lat. judex, Fr. juge)

judge and one bitterly prejudiced against roturiers generally . There is, however, a curious passage in a See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter from Boileau to See also:

• RACINE
• RACINE, JEAN (1639-1699)
• RACINE, LOUIS (1692-1763)

Racine in which he regrets that " nature has not made La Bruyere as agreeable as he would like to be." His Caracteres appeared in 1688, and at once, as See also:

• NICOLAS
• NICOLAS, SIR NICHOLAS HARRIS (1799–1848)

Nicolas de Malezieu had predicted, brought him " Bien See also:

• DES

des lecteurs et bien des ennemis." At the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of these were See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas See also:

• CORNEILLE, PIERRE (1606–1684)
• CORNEILLE, THOMAS (1625-1709)

Corneille, See also:

• FONTENELLE, BERNARD LE BOVIER DE (1657-1757)

Fontenelle and See also:

• BENSERADE, ISAAC DE (1613—1691)

Benserade, who were See also:

• PRETTY

pretty clearly aimed at in the book, as well as innumerable other persons, men and See also:

• WOMEN

women of letters as well as of society, on whom the cap of La Bruyere's See also:

• FANCY (a shortened form, dating from the 15th century, of " fantasy," which is derived through the O. Fr. fantasie, modern fantaisie. from the Latinized form of the Gr. cbavraoia, Oavrai'ecv, Oat Pais, to show)

fancy-portraits was fitted by See also:

• MANUSCRIPT

manuscript "keys " compiled by the scribblers of the See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day . The friendship of Bossuet and still more the See also:

• PROTECTION

protection of the Condes sufficiently defended the author, and he continued to insert fresh portraits of his contemporaries in each new edition of his book, especially in the 4th (1689) . Those, however, whom he had attacked were powerful in the See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy, and numerous defeats awaited La Bruyere before he could make his way into that guarded hold . He was defeated thrice in 1691, and on one memorable occasion he had but seven votes, five of which were those of Bossuet, Boileau, Racine, See also:

• PELLISSON, PAUL (1624—1693)

Pellisson and See also:

• BUSSY, ROGER DE RABUTIN, COMTE DE (1618–1693)

Bussy-Rabutin . It was not till 1693 that he was elected, and even then an See also:

• EPIGRAM

epigram, which, considering his admitted insignificance in conversation, was not of the worst, haesit lateri: " Quand la Bruyere se presente Pourquoi faut it crier See also:

• HARO, CLAMEUR DE

haro ? Pour faire un nombre de quarante Ne falloit ii pas un zero ? " His unpopularity was, however, chiefly confined to the subjects of his sarcastic See also:

• PORTRAITURE

portraiture, and to the hack writers of the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, of whom he was wont to speak with a disdain only surpassed by that of See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

Pope .

His description of the Mercure galant as " immediatement au dessous de rien " is the best-remembered specimen of these unwise attacks; and would of itself See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account for the enmity of the editors, Fontenelle and the younger Corneille . La Bruyere's discourse of See also:

• ADMISSION

admission at the Academy, one of the best of its kind, was, like his admission itself, severely criticized, especially by the partisans of the " Moderns " in the " See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

Ancient and See also:

• MODERN

Modern " See also:

• QUARREL

quarrel . With the Caracteres, the See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation of See also:

• THEOPHRASTUS

Theophrastus, and a few letters, most of them addressed to the prince de Conde, it completes the See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list of his See also:

• LITERARY

literary See also:

• WORK

work, with the exception of a curious and much-disputed See also:

• POSTHUMOUS

posthumous See also:

• TREATISE

treatise . La Bruyere died very suddenly, and not See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long after his admission to the Academy . He is said to have been struck with dumbness in an See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

assembly of his See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends, and, being carried See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home to the Hotel de Conde, to have expired of See also:

• APOPLEXY (Gr. arov n i.a, from aroaMvvew, to strike down, to stun)

apoplexy a day or two afterwards, on the loth of May 1696 . It is not surprising that, considering the See also:

• RECENT

recent panic about poisoning, the See also:

• BITTER, KARL THEODORE FRANCIS (1867– )

bitter See also:

• PERSONAL

personal enmities which he had excited and the See also:

• PECULIAR

peculiar circumstances of his See also:

• DEATH

death, suspicions of foul See also:

• PLAY

play should have been entertained, but there was apparently no See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation for them . Two years after his death appeared certain Dialogues sur le Quietisme, alleged to have been found among his papers in-See also:

• COMPLETE

complete, and to have been completed by the editor . As these dialogues are far inferior in literary merit to La Bruyere's other See also:

• WORKS

works, their genuineness has been denied . But the straight-forward and circumstantial account of their See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance given by this editor, the See also:

• ABBE (Serbo-Croatian Rai))

Abbe du See also:

• PIN (a doublet with " pen " from Lat. pinna, feather, pinnacle, which is said to contain the same root as irirvs, pine tree, and properly to mean a sharp point or end)

Pin, a man of acknowledged probity, the intimacy of La Bruyere with Bossuet, whose views in his contest with See also:

• FENELON, BERTRAND DE SALIGNAC

Fenelon these dialogues are designed to further, and the entire See also:

• ABSENCE (Lat. absentia)

absence, at so See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short a time after the alleged author's death, of the least protest on the part of his friends and representatives, seem to be decisive in their favour . Although it is permissible to doubt whether the value of the Caracteres has not been somewhat exaggerated by traditional French See also:

• CRITICISM
• CRITICISM (from the Gr. KpiTrlS, a judge, Kpivew, to decide, to give an authoritative opinion)

criticism, they deserve beyond all question a high See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place . The See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan of the book is thoroughly See also:

• ORIGINAL

original, if that term may be accorded to a novel and skilful See also:

• COMBINATION (Lat. combinare, to combine)

combination of existing elements . The treatise of Theophrastus may have furnished the first See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea, but it gave little more .

With the ethical generalizations and social Dutch See also:

• PAINTING

painting of his original La Bruyere combined the peculiarities of the See also:

• MONTAIGNE, MICHEL DE (1533-1592)

Montaigne See also:

• ESSAY, ESSAYIST (Fr. essai, Late Lat. exagium, a weighing or balance; exigere, to examine; the term in general meaning any trial or effort)

essay, of the Pensees and Maximes of which See also:

• PASCAL, BLAISE (1623-1662)
• PASCAL, JACQUELINE (1625-T661)

Pascal and La Rochefoucauld are the masters respectively, and lastly of that peculiar 17th-See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century product, the " portrait " or elaborate literary picture of the personal and See also:

• MENTAL

mental characteristics of an individual . The result was quite unlike anything that had been before seen, and it has not been exactly reproduced since, though the essay of Addison and See also:

• STEELE
• STEELE, ANNE (1717-1778)
• STEELE, SIR RICHARD (1672-1729)
• STEELE, THOMAS (1788-1848)
• STEELE, WILLIAM (d. 1680)

Steele resembles it very closely, especially in the introduction of fancy portraits . In the titles of his work, and in its extreme desultoriness, La Bruyere reminds the reader of Montaigne, but he aimed too much at sententiousness to See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt even the apparent continuity of the great essayist . The short paragraphs of which his chapters consist are made up of See also:

• MAXIMS, LEGAL

maxims proper, of criticisms literary and ethical, and above all of the celebrated sketches of individuals baptized with names taken from the plays and romances of the time . These last are the great feature of the work, and that which gave it its immediate if not its enduring popularity . They are wonderfully piquant, extraordinarily life-like in a certain sense, and must have given great See also:

• PLEASURE (through Fr. plaisir from Lat. placere, to please; Gr. rlbovii)

pleasure or more frequently exquisite See also:

• PAIN (from Lat. poena, Gr. robin, penalty, that which must be paid: O. Fr. peine)
• PAIN, BARRY (1867– )

pain to the originals, who were in many cases unmistakable and in most recognizable . But there is something wanting in them . The criticism of See also:

• CHARPENTIER, FRANCOIS (1620-1702)

Charpentier, who received La Bruyere at the Academy, and who was of the opposite See also:

• FACTION (through the French, from Lat. factio, a company of persons combined for action, facere, to do; from the other French derivative facon comes " fashion ")

faction, is in fact fully justified as far as it goes . La Bruyere literally " est [trop] descendu dans le particulier." He has neither, like See also:

• MOLIERE (1622-1673)

Moliere, embodied abstract peculiarities in a single life-like type, nor has he, like See also:

• SHAKESPEARE, WILLIAM (1564-1616)

Shakespeare, made the individual pass sub speciem aeternitatis, and serve as a type while retaining his individuality . He is a photographer rather than an artist in his portraiture . So, too, his maxims, admirably as they are expressed, and exact as their truth often is, are on a lower level than those of La Rochefoucauld . Beside the sculpturesque precision, the Roman brevity, the profoundness of ethical See also:

• INTUITION (from Lat. intueri, to look at)

intuition " piercing to the accepted hells beneath," of the great Frondeur, La Bruyere has the See also:

• AIR (from an Indo-European root meaning " breathe," " blow ")
• AIR, or ASBEN

air of a literary See also:

• PETIT, SIR DINSHAW MANECKJI, BART

petit-maitre dressing up superficial observation in the finery of esprit .

It is indeed only by comparison that he loses, but then it is by comparison that he is usually praised . His abundant wit and his personal " malice " have done much to give him his See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank in French literature, but much must also be allowed to his purely literary merits . With Racine and See also:

• MASSILLON
• MASSILLON, JEAN BAPTISTE (1663-1742)

Massillon he is probably the very best writer of what is somewhat arbitrarily styled classical French . He is hardly ever incorrect—the highest merit in the eyes of a French See also:

• ACADEMIC

academic critic . He is always well-bred, never obscure, rarely though sometimes " See also:

• PRECIOUS (O. Fr. precios, mod. precieux, Lat. pretiosus, of high value or price, pretium)

precious " in the turns and niceties of See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language in which he delights to indulge, in his avowed See also:

• DESIGN (Fr. desiin, drawing; Lat. designare, to mark out)

design of attracting readers by See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form, now that, in point of See also:

• MATTER

matter, " tout est dit." It ought to be added to his See also:

• CREDIT (Lat. credere, to believe)

credit that he was sensible of the folly of impoverishing French by ejecting old words . His See also:

• CHAPTER (a shortened form of chapiter, a word still used in architecture for a capital; derived from O. Fr. chapitre, Lat. capitellum, diminutive of caput, head)

chapter on " See also:

• LES

Les ouvrages de 1'esprit " contains much See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good criticism, though it shows that, like most of his contemporaries except Fenelon, he was lamentably ignorant of the literature of his own See also:

• TONGUE (O. Eng. lunge)

tongue . The See also:

• EDITIONS

editions of La Bruyere, both partial and complete, have been extremely numerous . Les Caracteres de Theophraste traduits du Grec, aver les caracteres et les mccurs de ce siecle, appeared for the first time in 1688, being published by Michallet, to whose little daughter, according to tradition, La Bruyere gave the profits of the See also:

• HOOK, JAMES CLARKE (1819-1907)
• HOOK, THEODORE EDWARD (1788-1841)
• HOOK, WALTER FARQUHAR (1798-1875)

hook as a See also:

• DOWRY (in Anglo-Fr. dowarie, O. Fr. douaire, Med. Lat. dotaria, from Lat. dos; from root of dare, to give; in Fr. dot)

dowry . Two other editions, little altered, were published in the same See also:

• YEAR

year . In the following year, and in each year until 1694, with the exception of 1693, a fresh edition appeared, and, in all these five, additions, omissions and alterations were largely made . A ninth edition, not much altered, was put forth in the year of the author's death . The Academy speech appeared in the eighth edition .

The Quietist dialogues were published in 1699; most of the letters, including those addressed to Conde, not till 1867 . In recent times numerous editions of the complete works have appeared, notably those of Walckenaer (1845), Servois (1867, in the See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of Grands ecrivains de la France), Asselineau (a scholarly reprint of the last 'original edition, 1872) and finally Chassang (1876); the last is oneof the most generally useful, as the editor has collected almost every-thing of value in his predecessors . The literature of "keys " to La Bruyere is extensive and apocryphal . Almost everything that can be 'done in this direction and in that of general illustration was done by Edouard See also:

• FOURNIER
• FOURNIER, PIERRE SIMON (1712-1768)

Fournier in his learned and amusing Comedie de La Bruyere (1866) ; M . See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul Morillot contributed a monograph on La Bruyere to the series of Grands ecrivains See also:

• FRANCAIS, ANTOINE, COUNT (1756-1836)

francais in 1904 . (G .