See also:

• JULIEN, STANISLAS (1797?-1873)

JULIEN OFFRAY DE See also:

• JULIEN OFFRAY DE LAMETTRIE (1709-1751)

LAMETTRIE (1709-1751)  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French physician and philosopher, the earliest of the materialistic writers of the See also:

• ILLUMINATION

Illumination, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at St Maio on the 25th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1709 . After studying See also:

• THEOLOGY

theology in the Jansenist See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools for some years, he suddenly decided to adopt the profession of See also:

• MEDICINE

medicine . In 1733 he went to See also:

• LEIDEN

Leiden to study under See also:

• BOERHAAVE, HERMANN (1668–1738)

Boerhaave, and in 1742 returned to See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, where he obtained the See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment of surgeon to the See also:

• GUARDS, AND HOUSEHOLD TROOPS

guards . During an attack of See also:

• FEVER (Lat. febris, connected with fervere, to burn)

fever he made observations on himself with reference to the See also:

• ACTION

action of quickened circulation upon thought, which led him to the conclusion that psychical phenomena were to be accounted for as the effects of organic changes in the See also:

• BRAIN (A.S. braegen)

brain and See also:

• NERVOUS

nervous See also:

• SYSTEM

system . This conclusion he worked out in his earliest philosophical See also:

• WORK

work, the Histoire naturelle de l'dme, which appeared about 1745 . So See also:

• GREAT

great was the outcry caused by its publication that See also:

• LAMETTRIE, JULIEN OFFRAY DE (1709-1751)

Lamettrie was forced to take See also:

• REFUGE

refuge in Leiden, where he See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed his doctrines still more boldly and completely, and with great originality, in L'Homme See also:

• MACHINE
• MACHINE (through Fr. from Lat. form machina of Gr. µnxavil)

machine (Eng. trans., See also:

• LONDON

London, 1750; ed. with introd. and notes, J . Assezat, 1865), and L'Homme Plante, See also:

• TREATISES

treatises based upon principles of the most consistently materialistic See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character . The See also:

• ETHICS
• ETHICS, SHAFTESBURY, HOBBES

ethics of these principles were worked out in Discours sur le See also:

• BONHEUR [MARIE ROSALIE], ROSA (1822-1899)

bonheur, La Volupte, and L'See also:

• ART

Art de jouir, in which the end of See also:

• LIFE

life is found in the pleasures of the senses, and virtue is reduced to self-Iove . See also:

• ATHEISM (from Gr. as, privative, and Oebs, God)

Atheism is the only means of ensuring the happiness of the See also:

• WORLD

world, which has been rendered impossible by the See also:

• WARS

wars brought about by theologians . The soul is only the thinking See also:

• PART

part of the See also:

• BODY

body, and with the body it passes away . When See also:

• DEATH

death comes, the See also:

• FARCE

farce is over (la farce est jouee), therefore let us take our See also:

• PLEASURE (through Fr. plaisir from Lat. placere, to please; Gr. rlbovii)

pleasure while we can . Lamettrie has been called " the See also:

• ARISTIPPUS (c. 435–356 B.c.)

Aristippus of See also:

• MODERN

modern See also:

• MATERIALISM (from Lat. materia, matter)

materialism." So strong was the feeling against him 2t that in 1748 he was compelled to quit See also:

• HOLLAND
• HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
• HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
• HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
• HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
• HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
• HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
• HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART

Holland for See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, where See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick the Great not only allowed him to practise as a physician, but appointed him See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court reader .

He died on the 11th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1751 . His collectedtEuvres philosophiques appeared after his death in several See also:

• EDITIONS

editions, published in London, Berlin and See also:

• AMSTERDAM
• AMSTERDAM (NEw AMSTERDAM)

Amsterdam respectively . The See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief authority for his life is the Eloge written by Frederick the Great (printed in Assezat's ed. of Homme machine) . In modern times Lamettrie has been judged less severely; see F.A . See also:

• LANGE, ANNE FRANCOISE ELIZABETH (1772—1816)
• LANGE, ERNST PHILIPP KARL (1813—1899)
• LANGE, FRIEDRICH ALBERT (1828—1875)
• LANGE, JOHANN PETER (1802-1884)

Lange, Geschichte See also:

• DES

des Materialismus (Eng. trans. by E . C . See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas, ii . 1880) ; Neree Quepat (i.e . Rene Paquet), La Mettrie, sa See also:

• VIE

vie et ses ceuvres (1893, with See also:

• COMPLETE

complete See also:

• HISTORY

history of his See also:

• WORKS

works) ; J . E . Poritzky, J . 0. de Lamettrie, Sein Leben and See also:

• SEINE
• SEINE (Lat. Sequana)
• SEINE, or SEAN (O. Fr. seigne, mod. seine, Lat. sagena, Gr. vaytivrl, a draw-net)

seine Werke (1900) ; F .

Picavet, "La Mettrie et la critique See also:

• ALLEMANDE (Fr. for danse allemande, or German dance)

allemande," in Compte rendu des seances de l'Acad. des Sciences morales et politiques, xxxii . (1889), a reply to See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German re-habilitations of Lamettrie .