CHRISTOPHE See also:

• LEON
• LEON, LUIS PONCE DE (1527-1591)
• LEON, MOSES BEN SI
• LEON, or LEON DE LAS ALDAMAS

LEON See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

LOUIS JUCHAULT DE See also:

• CHRISTOPHE LEON LOUIS JUCHAULT DE LAMORICIERE (18o6–1865)

LAMORICIERE (18o6–1865)  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• NANTES
• NANTES, EDICT OF

Nantes on the 1th of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 18o6, and entered the See also:

• ENGINEERS, MILITARY

Engineers in 1828 . He served in the Algerian See also:

• CAMPAIGNS

campaigns from 183o onwards, and by 184o he had risen to the grade of marechal-de-See also:

• CAMP (from Lat. campus, field)

camp (See also:

• MAJOR
• MAJOR (Lat. for " greater ")
• MAJOR (or MAIR), JOHN (1470-1550)

major-general) . Three years later he was made a general of See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division . He was one of the most distinguished and efficient of Bugeaud's generals, rendered See also:

• SPECIAL

special service at See also:

• ISLY

Isly (See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 14, 1844), acted temporarily as See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor-general of See also:

• ALGERIA
• ALGERIA (Algerie)

Algeria, and finally effected the See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture of Abd el-Kader in 1847 . See also:

• LAMORICIERE, CHRISTOPHE LEON LOUIS JUCHAULT DE (18o6–1865)

Lamoriciere took some See also:

• PART

part in the See also:

• POLITICAL

political events of 1848, both as a member of the Chamber of Deputies and as a military See also:

• COMMANDER

commander . Under the regime of General See also:

• CAVAIGNAC, JEAN BAPTISTE (1762–1829)
• CAVAIGNAC, LOUIS EUGENE (1802–1857)

Cavaignac he was for a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister of See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war . From 1848 to 1851 Lamoriciere was one of the most conspicuous opponents of the policy of See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon, and at the coup d'etat of the and of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1851 he was arrested and exiled . He refused to give in his See also:

• ALLEGIANCE (Mid. Eng. ligeaunce; med. Lat. ligeantia, &c.; the al- was probably added through confusion with another legal term, allegeance, an allegation; the Fr. allegeance comes from the English; the word is formed from " liege," of which the derivatio

allegiance to the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor Napoleon III., and in 186o accepted the command of the papal See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army, which he led in the See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign of 186o . On the 18th of September of that See also:

• YEAR

year he was severely defeated by the Italian army at Castelfidardo . His last years were spent in See also:

• COMPLETE

complete retirement in See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France (he had been allowed to return in 1857), and he died at Prouzel (See also:

• SOMME

Somme) on the 11th of September 1865 . See E . See also:

• KELLER, ALBERT (1845- )
• KELLER, GOTTFRIED (1819-1890)
• KELLER, HELEN ADAMS (188o- )

Keller, Le General de Lamorici`ere (See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1873) .

LA MOTHE LE VAYER, See also:

• FRANCOIS (1558-1614)

FRANCOIS DE (1588–1672), French writer, was born in Paris of a See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble See also:

• FAMILY

family of See also:

• MAINE
• MAINE, ANNE LOUISE BENEDICTE DE BOURBON
• MAINE, SIR HENRY JAMES SUMNER (1822–1888)

Maine . His See also:

• FATHER

father was an avocat at the See also:

• PARLEMENT (see PARLIAMENT)

parlement of Paris and author of a curious See also:

• TREATISE

treatise on the functions of ambassadors, entitled Legatus, seu De legatorum privilegiis, officio et munere libellus (1579) and illustrated mainly from See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• HISTORY

history . Francois succeeded his father at the parlement, but gave up his See also:

• POST

post about 1647 and devoted himself to travel and belles lettres . His Considerations sur l'eloquence francaise (1638) procured him See also:

• ADMISSION

admission to the See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy, and his De l'instruction de Mgr. le Dauphin (164o) attracted the See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention of See also:

• RICHELIEU, ARMAND EMMANUEL SOPHIE SEPTEMANIE DU PLESSIS
• RICHELIEU, ARMAND JEAN DU PLESSIS
• RICHELIEU, LOUIS FRANCOIS ARMAND DU PLESSIS

Richelieu . In 1649 See also:

• ANNE (1665-1714)
• ANNE (1693-1740)

Anne of See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria entrusted him with the See also:

• EDUCATION

education of her second son and subsequently with the completion of Louis XIV.'s education, which had been very much neglected . The outcome of his pedagogic labours was a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of books comprising the Geographic, Rhetorique, Morale, Economique, Politique, Logique, and Physique du See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince (1651–1658) . The See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king rewarded his See also:

• TUTOR (Lat. tutor, guardian, tueri, to watch over, protect)

tutor by appointing him historiographer of France and councillor of See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state . La Mothe Le Vayer died in Paris . Modest, sceptical,. and occasionally obscene in his Latin pieces and in his verses, he made himself a persona grata at the French See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court, where libertinism in ideas and morals was hailed with relish . Besides his educational See also:

• WORKS

works, he wrote Jugement sur See also:

• LES

les anciens et principaux historiens grecs et Latins (1646); a treatise entitled Du peu de certitude qu'il y a en histoire (1668), which in a sense marks the beginning of See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical See also:

• CRITICISM
• CRITICISM (from the Gr. KpiTrlS, a judge, Kpivew, to decide, to give an authoritative opinion)

criticism in France; and sceptical Dialogues, published posthumously under the See also:

• PSEUDONYM (Gr. >l ev&,vuµos, having a false name, ¢Evirls, false and ovoµa, name)

pseudonym of See also:

• OROSIUS, PAULUS (fl. 415)

Orosius Tubero . An incomplete edition of his works was published at See also:

• DRESDEN

Dresden in 1756–1759 . See See also:

• BAYLE, PIERRE (1647-1706)

Bayle, Dictionnaire critique, See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article "Vayer "; L .

See also:

• ETIENNE, CHARLES GUILLAUME (1778-1845)

Etienne, Essai sur La Mothe Le Vayer (Paris, 1849) . LA MOTTE, See also:

• ANTOINE, ANDRE (1858- )

ANTOINE HOUDAR DE (1672–1731), French author, was born in Paris on the 18th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1672 . In 1693 his See also:

• COMEDY

comedy Les Originaux proved a complete failure, which so depressed the author that he contemplated joining the See also:

• TRAPPISTS

Trappists, but four years later he again began See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

writing operas and ballets, e.g . L'See also:

• EUROPE

Europe galante (1697), and tragedies; one of which, Ines de See also:

• CASTRO, INEZ DE (d. 1355)
• CASTRO, JOAO DE (1500-1548)

Castro (1723), was produced with immense success at the See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

Theatre See also:

• FRANCAIS, ANTOINE, COUNT (1756-1836)

Francais . He was a See also:

• CHAMPION (Fr. champion, Late Lat. campio from campus; a field or open space, i.e. one " who takes the field " or fights; cf. Ger. Kampf, battle, and Kampfer, fighter)

champion of the moderns in the revived controversy of the ancients and moderns . Madame See also:

• DACIER

Dacier had published (1699) a See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation of the Iliad, and La Motte, who knew no See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek, made a translation (1714) in See also:

• VERSE (from Lat. versus, literally a line or furrow drawn by turning the plough, from vertere, and afterwards signifying an arrangement of syllables into feet)

verse founded on her See also:

• WORK

work . The nature of his work may be judged from his own expression: " I have taken the See also:

• LIBERTY (Lat. libertas, from liber, free)

liberty to See also:

• CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change what I thought disagreeable in it." He defended the moderns in the Discours sur Homere prefixed to his translation, and in his Reflexions sur la critique (1716) . Apart from the merits of the controversy, it was conducted on La Motte's See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side with a wit and politeness which compared very favourably with his opponent's methods . He was elected to the Academy in 1710, and soon after became See also:

• BLIND, MATHILDE (1841—1896)

blind . La Motte carried on a See also:

• CORRESPONDENCE
• CORRESPONDENCE (from med. scholastic Lat. correspondentia, corrcspondere, compounded of Lat. cum, with, and respond ere, to answer; cf. Fr. correspondance)

correspondence with the duchesse du Maine, and was the friend of See also:

• FONTENELLE, BERNARD LE BOVIER DE (1657-1757)

Fontenelle . He had the same freedom from See also:

• PREJUDICE (Lat. praejudicium)

prejudice, the same inquiring mind as the latter, and it is on the excellent See also:

• PROSE

prose in which his views are expressed that his reputation rests . He died in Paris on the 26th of December 1731 .

His Euvres du thedtre (2 vols.) appeared in 1730, and his Euvres (to vols.) in 1754 . See A . H . Rigault, Histoire de la querelle See also:

• DES

des anciens et des modernes (1859) .