LANARK  , a royal, municipal and

police burgh, and county town of Lanarkshire, Scotland, standing on high ground about half a mile from the right bank of the Clyde, 31 M . S.E. of Glasgow by the Caledonian railway . Pop . (1901) 6440 . It is ' I . Minette (Weiler, Alsace) . If . Kersantite (Neubrunn, Thuringia) . III . Vogesite (Castle Mountain, Montana) . IV . Spessartite (Waldmichael, Spessart) .

V . Camptonie (Campton Falls) . VI . Monchiquite (Ria do Ouro, Serra de Tingua) . VII . Alnoite (Alpo,

Sweden).a favourite holiday resort, being the point from which. the falls of the Clyde are usually visited . The principal buildings are the town hall, the county buildings, the assembly rooms, occupying the site of an old Franciscan monastery, three hospitals, a convalescent home, the Smyllum orphanage and the Queen Victoria jubilee fountain . The industries include cotton-spinning, weaving, nail-making and oilworks, and there are frequent markets for cattle and sheep . Lanark is a place of considerable antiquity . Kenneth II. held a parliament here in 978, and it was sometimes the residence of the Scottish kings, one of whom, William the Lion (d . 1214), granted it a charter . Several of the earlier exploits of William Wallace were achieved in the neighbourhood .

He burned the town and slew the

English sheriff William Hezelrig . About I m . N.W. are Cartland Craigs, where Mouse Water runs through a precipitous red sandstone ravine, the sides of which are about 400 ft. high . The stream is crossed by a bridge of single span, supposed to be Roman, and by a three-arched bridge, designed by Thomas Telford and erected in 1823 . On the right bank, near this bridge, is the cave in which Wallace concealed himself after killing Hezelrig and which still bears his name . Lanark was the centre of much activity in the days of the Covenanters . William Lithgow (1582-1645), the traveller, William Smellie (1697-1763), the obstetrician and Gavin Hamilton (1730-1797), the painter, were born at Lanark . The town is one of the Falkirk district group of parliamentary burghs, the other constituents being Airdrie, Hamilton, Falkirk and Linlithgow . New Lanark (pop . 795), I M . S., is famous in connexion with the socialist experiments of Robert Owen . The village was founded by David Dale (1739-1806) in 1785, with the support of Sir Richard Arkwright, inventor of the spinning-frame, who thought the spot might be made the Manchester of Scotland .

In ten years four cotton

mills were running, employing nearly 1400 hands . They were sold in 1799 to a Manchester company, who appointed Owen manager . In the same year he married Dale's daughter . For many years the mills were successfully conducted, but friction ultimately arose and Owen retired in 1828 . The mills, however, are still carried on . There are several interesting places near Lanark . Braxfield, on the Clyde, gave the title of Lord Braxfield to Robert Macqueen (1722-1799), who was born in the mansion and acquired on the bench the character of the Scottish Jeffreys . Robert Baillie, the patriot who was executed for conscience' sake (1684), belonged to Jerviswood, an estate on the Mouse . Lee House, the home of the Lockharts, is 3 m . N.W . The old castle was largely rebuilt in the 19th century . It contains some fine tapestry and portraits, and the Lee Penny-familiar to readers of Sir Walter Scott's Talisman-which was brought from Palestine in the 14th century by the Crusading knight, Sir Simon Lockhart .

It is described as a cornelian encased in a

silver coin . Craignethan Castle on the Nethan, a left-hand tributary joining the Clyde at Crossford, is said to be the original of the " Tillietudlem of Scott's Old Mortality .