LANCASTER  , a

city and the county-seat of Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., on the Conestoga river, 68 in . W. of Philadelphia . Pop . (190o) 41,459, of whom 3492 were foreign-born and 777 were negroes; (1910 census) 47,227 . It is served by the Pennsylvania, the Philadelphia & Reading and the Lancaster, Oxford & Southern railways, and by tramways of the Conestoga Traction Company, which had in 1909 a mileage of 152 M . Lancaster has a fine county court house, a soldiers' monument about 43 ft. in height, two fine hospitals, the Thaddeus Stevens Industrial School (for orphans), a children's home, the Mechanics' Library, and the Library of the Lancaster Historical Society . It is the seat of Franklin and Marshah College (Reformed Church), of the affiliated Franklin and Marshall Academy, and of the Theological Seminary of the Reformed Church, conducted in connexion wi h the college . The college was founded in 1852 by the consolidation of Franklin College, founded at Lancaster in 1787, and Marshall College, founded at Mercersburg in 1836, both of which had earned a high standing among the educational institutions of Pennsylvania . Franklin College was named in honour of Benjamin Franklin, an early patron; Marshall College was founded by the Reformed Church and was named in honour of John Marshall . The Theological Seminary was opened in 1825 at Carlisle, Pa., and was removed to York, Pa., in 1829, to Mercersburg, Pa., in 1837 and to Lancaster in 1871; in 1831 it was chartered by the Pennsylvania legislature . Among its teachers have been John W . Nevin and Philip Schaff, whose names, and that of the seminary, are associated with the so-called " Mercersburg Theology." At Millersville, 4 m .

S.W. of Lancaster, is the Second Pennsylvania

State Normal School . At Lancaster are the graves of General John F . Reynolds, who was born here; Thaddeus Stevens, who lived here after 1842; and President James Buchanan, who lived for many years on an estate, " Wheatland," near the city and is buried in the Woodward Hill Cemetery . The city is in a productive tobacco and grain region, and has a large tobacco trade and important manufactures . The value of the city's factory products increased from $12,750,429 in 1900 to $14,647,681 111 1905, or 14.9 % . In 1905 the principal products were umbrellas and canes (valued at $2,782,879), cigars and cigarettes ($I,95r,971), and foundry and machine-shop products ($1,036,526) . Lancaster county has long been one of the richest agricultural counties in the United States, its annual products being valued at about $ro,000,000; in 1906 the value of the tobacco crop was about $3,225,000, and there were 824 manufactories of cigars in the county . Lancaster was settled about 1717 by English Quakers and Germans, was laid out as a town in 1730, incorporated as a borough in 1742, and chartered as a city in 1818 . An important treaty with the Iroquois Indians was negotiated here by the governor of Pennsylvania and by commissioners from Maryland and Virginia in June 1744 . Some of General Burgoyne's troops, surrendered at Saratoga, were confined here after the autumn of 1780 . The Continental Congress sat here on the 27th of September 1777 after being driven from Philadelphia by the British; and subsequently, after the organization of the Federal government, Lancaster was oneof the places seriously considered when a national capital was to be chosen . From 1799 to 1812 Lancaster was the capital of Pennsylvania .