LANDAU  , a See also:

• TOWN

town in the Bavarian See also:

• PALATINATE (Ger. Pfalz)

Palatinate, on the Queich, lying under the eastern slope of the See also:

• HARDT, HERMANN VON DER (166o-1746)
• HARDT, THE

Hardt Mountains, 32 M. by See also:

• RAIL

rail S.W. from See also:

• MANNHEIM

Mannheim, at the junction of lines to See also:

• NEUSTADT (Polish, Prudnik)

Neustadt an der Hardt, See also:

• WEISSENBURG

Weissenburg and Saarbriicken . Pop . (19o5) 17,165 . Among its buildings are the See also:

• GOTHIC

Gothic Evangelical See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church, dating from 1285; the See also:

• CHAPEL

chapel of St See also:

• CATHERINE
• CATHERINE, SAINT

Catherine built in 1344; the church of the former Augustinian monastery, dating from 1405; and the Augustinian monastery itself, founded in 1276 1 53 and now converted into a brewery . There are manufactures of cigars, See also:

• BEER

beer, hats, watches, See also:

• FURNITURE (from " furnish," Fr. fournir)

furniture and See also:

• MACHINES

machines, and a See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade in See also:

• WINE (Lat. vinum, Gr. oivos)

wine, See also:

• FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit and cereals . Large See also:

• CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle-markets are held here . Landau was founded in 1224, becoming an imperial See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city fifty years later . This dignity was soon lost, as in 1317 it passed to the bishopric of See also:

• SPIRES (Ger. Speyer or Speier)

Spires and in 1331 to the Palatinate, recovering its former position in 1511 . Captured eight times during the See also:

• THIRTY

Thirty Years' See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War the town was ceded to See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France by the treaty of See also:

• WESTPHALIA (Ger. Westfalen)
• WESTPHALIA, TREATY OF

Westphalia in 1648, although with certain See also:

• ILL

ill-defined reservations . In 1679 See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis XIV. definitely took See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of Landau . Its fortifications were greatly strengthened; nevertheless it was twice taken by the Imperialists and twice recovered by the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French during the See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

Succession War . In 1815 it was given to See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria and in the following See also:

• YEAR

year to See also:

• BAVARIA (Ger. Bayern)

Bavaria .

The fortifications were finally dismantled in 1871 . The town is commonly supposed to have given its name to the four-wheeled See also:

• CARRIAGE

carriage, with an adjustable divided See also:

• TOP (cf. Dan. top, Ger. Topf, also meaning pot)

top for use either open or closed, known as a " landau " (Ger . Landauer) . But this derivation is doubtful, the origin of the name being also ascribed to that of an See also:

• ENGLISH

English carriage-builder, Landow, who introduced this See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of equipage . See E . Heuser, See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

Die Belagerungen von Landau in den Jahren 1702 and 1703 (Landau, 1894) ; See also:

• LEHMANN, JOHANN GOTTLOB (?-1767)
• LEHMANN, PETER MARTIN ORLA (1810-187o)

Lehmann, Geschichte der ehemaligen freien Reichsstadt Landau (1851); and See also:

• JOST, ISAAK MARKUS (1793–1860)

Jost, Interessante Daten aus der 600 jahrigen Geschichte der Stadt Landau (Landau, 1879) .