See also:

• EDWARD

EDWARD See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

WILLIAM See also:

• EDWARD WILLIAM LANE (1801–1876)
• LANE, JAMES HENRY (1814–1866)

LANE (1801–1876)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English Arabic See also:

• SCHOLAR, SCHOLARSHIP

scholar, son of Dr See also:

• THEOPHILUS

Theophilus See also:

• LANE, EDWARD WILLIAM (1801–1876)
• LANE, JAMES HENRY (1814–1866)

Lane, See also:

• PREBENDARY (Lat. praebendo = give or grant, through Low Lat. praebenda)

prebendary of See also:

• HEREFORD

Hereford, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 17th of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 18o1 . He was educated at See also:

• BATH
• BATH, THOMAS THYNNE
• BATH, WILLIAM

Bath and Hereford See also:

• GRAMMAR (from Lat. grammatica, sc. ars; Gr. ypaµ)

grammar See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools, where he showed marked mathematical ability, and was designed for See also:

• CAMBRIDGE
• CAMBRIDGE, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• CAMBRIDGE, RICHARD OWEN (1717-1802)

Cambridge and thechurch, but this purpose was abandoned, and for some See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time he studied the See also:

• ART

art of See also:

• ENGRAVING

engraving . Failure of See also:

• HEALTH

health compelled him to throw aside the burin, and in 1825 he started for See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt, where he spent three years, twice ascended the See also:

• NILE
• NILE, BATTLE OF THE
• NILE, SOBAT

Nile, proceeding as far as the second See also:

• CATARACT (from the Lat. form cataracta of the Gr. Karapplucrgss, a floodgate, or waterfall, properly something which rushes down)

cataract, and composed a See also:

• COMPLETE

complete description of Egypt, with a See also:

• PORTFOLIO (shortened form of Porto folio, adapted from the Ital. portafogli, portare, to carry, and fogli, sheets or leaves of paper, Lat. folium, leaf)

portfolio of one See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred and one drawings . This See also:

• WORK

work was never published, but the See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of the See also:

• MODERN

modern Egyptians, which formed a See also:

• PART

part of it, was accepted for See also:

• SEPARATE

separate publication by the Society for the See also:

• DIFFUSION (from the Lat. diffundere; dis-, asunder, and fundere, to pour out)

Diffusion of Useful Knowledge . To perfect this work Lane again visited Egypt in 1833–1835, residing mainly in See also:

• CAIRO
• CAIRO (Arabic Misr-al-Kahira, or simply Misr)

Cairo, but retiring to See also:

• LUXOR

Luxor during the See also:

• PLAGUE (in Gr. Xotµos; in Lat. pestis, pestilentia)

plague of 1835 . Lane took up his See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence in the See also:

• MAHOMMEDAN

Mahommedan See also:

• QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

quarter, and under the name of Mansur See also:

• EFFENDI (a Turkish word, corrupted from the Gr. wive rjr, a lord or master)

Effendi lived the See also:

• LIFE

life of an See also:

• EGYPTIAN

Egyptian scholar . He was fortunate in the time when he took up his work, for Cairo had not then become a modern See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city, and he was thus able to describe aspects of Arabian life that no longer exist there . Perfected by the additional observations collected during these years, the Modern Egyptians appeared in 1836, and at once took the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place which it has never lost as the best description of Eastern life and an Eastern See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country ever written . It was followed from 1838 to 184o by a See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation of the Arabian Nights, with notes and illustrations, designed to make the See also:

• BOOK

book a sort of See also:

• ENCYCLOPAEDIA

encyclopaedia of Eastern See also:

• MANNERS, CHARLES (1857– )

manners . The translation itself is an admirable See also:

• PROOF (in M. Eng. preove, proeve, preve, &°c., from O. Fr . prueve, proeve, &c., mod. preuve, Late. Lat. proba, probate, to prove, to test the goodness of anything, probus, good)

proof of scholarship, but is characterized by a somewhat See also:

• STILTED

stilted mannerism, which is not equally appropriate to all parts of the See also:

• MOTLEY
• MOTLEY, JOHN LOTHROP (1814–1897)

motley-coloured See also:

• ORIGINAL

original . The See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character of some of the tales and the tedious repetitions of the same theme in the Arabic collection induced Lane to leave considerable parts of the work untranslated . The value of his version is increased by the exhaustive notes on Mahommedan life and customs .

In 1840 Lane married a See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

lady . A useful See also:

• VOLUME

volume of Selections from the Kur-an was published in 1843, but before it passed through the See also:

• PRESS (through Fr. presse from Lat. pressare, frequentative of premere, to crush, squeeze, press)

press Lane was again in Egypt, where he spent seven years (1842–1849) See also:

• COLLECTING

collecting materials for a See also:

• GREAT

great Arabic See also:

• LEXICON

lexicon, which the munificence of See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord Prudhoe (afterwards See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• NORTHUMBERLAND
• NORTHUMBERLAND, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• NORTHUMBERLAND, JOHN DUDLEY, VISCOUNT LISLE, EARL OF WARWICK
• NORTHUMBERLAND, JOHN NEVILLE, EARL OF (c. 1430-1471)

Northumberland) enabled him to undertake . The most important of the materials amassed during this sojourn (in which he was accompanied by his wife and by his See also:

• SISTER

sister, Mrs See also:

• POOLE
• POOLE, MATTHEW (1624-1699)
• POOLE, PAUL FALCONER (1806-1879)
• POOLE, REGINALD STUART (1832-1895)

Poole, authoress of the Englishwoman in Egypt, with her two sons, afterwards well known in Eastern letters) was a copy in 24 thick See also:

• QUARTO

quarto volumes of See also:

• SHEIKH, or SHAIKH

Sheikh Murtada's great lexicon, the Tdj el `See also:

• ARES

Ares, which, though itself a compilation, is so extensive and exact that it formed the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main basis of Lane's subsequent work . The author, who lived in Egypt in the 18th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, used more than a hundred See also:

• SOURCES

sources, interweaving what he learned from them with the al-Qamus of Fairuzabadi in the See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of a commentary . By far the larger part of this commentary was derived from the Lisan el `Arab of See also:

• IBN

Ibn Mokarram, a work of the 13th century, which Lane was also able to use while in Cairo . Returning to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England in 1849, Lane devoted the remaining twenty-seven years of his life to digesting and translating his Arabic material in the form of a great See also:

• THESAURUS (Gr. B17o-avp6s)

thesaurus of the lexicographical knowledge of the See also:

• ARABS

Arabs . In spite of weak health he continued this arduous task with unflagging See also:

• DILIGENCE

diligence till a few days before his See also:

• DEATH

death at See also:

• WORTHING

Worthing on the loth of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1876 . Five parts appeared during his lifetime (1863–1874), and three See also:

• POSTHUMOUS

posthumous parts were afterwards edited from his papers by S . Lane-Poole . Even in its imperfect See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state the Lexicon is an enduring See also:

• MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument, the completeness and finished scholarship with which it is executed making each See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article an exhaustive monograph . Two essays, the one on Arabic lexicography and the other on Arabic See also:

• PRONUNCIATION (Lat. pronuntiatio, from pronuntiare, proclaim, announce, pronounce)

pronunciation, contributed to the See also:

• MAGAZINE

magazine of the See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German See also:

• ORIENTAL

Oriental Society, complete the See also:

• RECORD (Lat. recordari, to recall to mind, from cor, heart or mind)

record of Lane's publications . His scholarship was recognized by many learned See also:

• EUROPEAN

European See also:

• SOCIETIES, LEARNED

societies .

He was a member of the German Oriental Society, a correspondent of the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• INSTITUTE (from Lat. instituere, to establish or set up)

Institute, &c . In 1863 he was awarded a small See also:

• CIVIL

civil See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list See also:

• PENSION (Lat. pensio, a payment, from pendere, to weigh, to pay)

pension, which was after his death continued to his widow . Lane was not an original mind; his See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers were those of observation, See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry and See also:

• SOUND
• SOUND, THE (Danish Oresund)

sound See also:

• JUDGMENT

judgment . His See also:

• PERSONAL

personal character was elevated and pure, his strong sense of religious and moral See also:

• DUTY (from " due," that which is owing, O. Fr. deu, dil, past participle of devoir; Lat. debere, debitum; cf. " debt ")

duty being of the type that characterized the best circles of English evangelicalism in the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early part of the 19th century . A Memoir, by his See also:

• GRAND

grand-See also:

• NEPHEW

nephew, S . Lane-Poole, was prefixed to part vi. of the Lexicon . It was published separately in 1897 . LANE, See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

GEORGE See also:

• MARTIN (Martinus)
• MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
• MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
• MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
• MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
• MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
• MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
• MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
• MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
• MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
• MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)

MARTIN (1823–1897), See also:

• AMERICAN

American scholar, was born at See also:

• CHARLESTOWN

Charlestown, See also:

• MASSACHUSETTS (an Indian name, originally applied to a tribe of Indians)

Massachusetts, on the 24th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1823 . He graduated in 1846 at Harvard, and in 1847–1851 studied at the See also:

• UNIVERSITIES

universities of See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, See also:

• BONN

Bonn, See also:

• HEIDELBERG

Heidelberg and See also:

• GOTTINGEN

Gottingen . In 1851 he received his See also:

• DOCTOR (Lat. for " teacher ")

doctor's degree at Gottingen for his dissertation Smyrnaeorum Res Gestae et Antiquitates, and on his return to See also:

• AMERICA

America he was appointed University See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

Professor of Latin in Harvard See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College . From 1869 until 1894, when he resigned and became professor See also:

• EMERITUS (Lat. from emereri, to serve out one's time, to earn thoroughly)

emeritus, he was See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

Pope Professor of Latin in the same institution . His Latin Pronunciation, which led to the rejection of the English method of Latin pronunciation in the See also:

• UNITED

United States, was published in 1871 .

He died on the 3oth of See also:

• JUNE

June 1897 . His Latin Grammar, completed and published by Professor M . H . See also:

• MORGAN
• MORGAN, DANIEL (1736-1802)
• MORGAN, EDWIN DENNISON (1811-1883)
• MORGAN, JOHN HUNT (1825-1864)
• MORGAN, JOHN PIERPONT (1837–1913)
• MORGAN, LEWIS HENRY (1818-1881)
• MORGAN, SYDNEY, LADY (c. 1783-1859)
• MORGAN, THOMAS (d. 1743)

Morgan in the following See also:

• YEAR

year, is of high value . Lane's assistance in the preparation of Harper's Latin lexicons was also invaluable . English See also:

• LIGHT

light See also:

• VERSE (from Lat. versus, literally a line or furrow drawn by turning the plough, from vertere, and afterwards signifying an arrangement of syllables into feet)

verse he wrote with See also:

• HUMOUR (Latin humor)

humour and fluency, and his See also:

• SONG

song See also:

• JONAH
• JONAH, RABBI (ABULWALID MERWAN IBN JANAH, also R. MARINUS) (c. 996-c. 1050)

Jonah and the Ballad of the Lone Fishball were famous .