S See also:

• LANGTON, JOHN (d. 1337)
• S LANGTON
• LANGTON, STEPHEN (d. 1228)
• LANGTON, WALTER (d. 1321)

LANGTON  . declared both elections void; and with See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John's consent ordered that a new See also:

• ELECTION
• ELECTION (from Lat. eligere, to pick out)

election should be made in his presence by the representatives of the monks . The latter, having confessed that they had given John a See also:

• SECRET (Lat. secretum, hidden, concealed)

secret See also:

• PLEDGE

pledge to elect none but the See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of See also:

• NORWICH
• NORWICH, GEORGE GORING, EARL OF (1583?-1663)

Norwich, were released from the promise by See also:

• INNOCENT (INNOCENTIUS)
• INNOCENT (POPES)

Innocent; and at his See also:

• SUGGESTION

suggestion elected See also:

• STEPHEN
• STEPHEN (1097?-1154)
• STEPHEN (ISTVAN) BATHORY (1533-1586)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES (1789-1859)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES FITZJAMES, BART
• STEPHEN, SIR LESLIE (1832-1904)

Stephen See also:

• LANGTON, JOHN (d. 1337)
• LANGTON, S
• LANGTON, STEPHEN (d. 1228)
• LANGTON, WALTER (d. 1321)

Langton, who was consecrated by the See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope on the 17th of See also:

• JUNE

June 1207 . On See also:

• HEARING (formed from the verb " to hear," O. Eng. hyran, heron, &c., a common Teutonic verb; cf. Ger. Koren, Dutch hooren, &c.; the O. Tent. form is seen in Goth. hausjan; the initial h makes any connexion with " ear," Lat. audire, or Gr. &Kobew very doub

hearing the See also:

• NEWS

news the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king banished the monks of See also:

• CANTERBURY
• CANTERBURY, CHARLES

Canterbury and lodged a protest with the pope, in which he threatened to prevent any See also:

• ENGLISH

English appeals from being brought to See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome . Innocent replied by laying See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England under an See also:

• INTERDICT (Lat. interdictum, from interdicere, to forbid by decree, lit., interpose by speech)

interdict (See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1208), and ex-communicating the king (See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1209) . As John still remained obstinate, the pope at length invited the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French king See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip See also:

• AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

Augustus to enter England and depose him . It was this See also:

• THREAT

threat which forced John to See also:

• SUE, EUGENE [JosEPH MARIE] (1804—1857)

sue for a reconciliation; and the first See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition exacted was that he should acknowledge Langton as See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

archbishop . During these years Langton had been residing at Pontigny, formerly the See also:

• REFUGE

refuge of See also:

• BECKET, THOMAS (c. 1118—1170)

Becket . He had addressed to the English See also:

• PEOPLE

people a dignified protest against the king's conduct, and had at last pressed the pope to take extreme See also:

• MEASURES

measures . But he had consistently adopted towards John as conciliatory an attitude as his See also:

• DUTY (from " due," that which is owing, O. Fr. deu, dil, past participle of devoir; Lat. debere, debitum; cf. " debt ")

duty to the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church would allow, and had more than once entered upon negotiations for a peaceful See also:

• COMPROMISE (pronounced compromize; through Fr. from Lat. compromittere)

compromise . Immediately after entering England (See also:

• JULY

July 1213) he showed his See also:

• DESIRE

desire for See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace by absolving the king . But, unlike the pope, he gave See also:

• EAR (common Teut.; O.E. are, Ger. Ohr, Du. oor, akin to Lat. auris, Gr. ovs)

ear to the popular cry for redress of See also:

• POLITICAL

political grievances; and persisted in associating with the baronial opposition, even after he was ordered by Innocent to excommunicate them as disturbers of the peace .

Langton encouraged the barons to formulate their demands, and is said to have suggested that they should take their stand upon the See also:

• CHARTER (Lat. charta, carta, from Gr. Xap-rns, originally for papyrus, material for writing, thence transferred to paper and from this material to the document, in O. Eng. boc, book)

charter of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry I . It is uncertain what further See also:

• SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share he took in drafting Magna Carta . At Runnymede he appeared as a See also:

• COMMISSIONER

commissioner on the king's See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side, and his See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence must therefore be sought in those clauses of the Charter which differ from the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original petitions of the barons . Of these the most striking is that which confirms the " liberties " of the church; and this is chiefly remarkable for its moderation . Soon after the issue of the charter the archbishop See also:

• LEFT

left England to attend the See also:

• FOURTH

Fourth Lateran See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

Council . At the moment of his departure he was suspended by the representatives of Innocent for not enforcing the papal censures against the barons . Innocent confirmed the See also:

• SENTENCE (Lat. sententia, a way of thinking, opinion, judgment; vote, sentire, to feel, think)

sentence, which remained in force for two years . During this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time the archbishop resided at Rome . He was allowed to return in 1218, after the deaths of Innocent and John . From that date till his See also:

• DEATH

death he was a See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

tower of strength to the royal party . Through his influence Pandulf was recalled to Rome (1221) and See also:

• HONORIUS
• HONORIUS, FLAVIUS (384-423)

Honorius III. promised that no See also:

• LEGATE (Lat. legatus, past part. of legare, to send as deputy)
• LEGATE, BARTHOLOMEW (c. 1575-1612)

legate should be sent to reside in England during the archbishop's lifetime . In 1222, in a See also:

• SYNOD
• SYNOD (Gr. vbvobos)

synod held at Oseney, he promulgated a set of Constitutions still recognized as forming a See also:

• PART

part of the See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law of the English Church .

Beyond this little is recorded of his latter years . He died on the 9th of July 1228, and was buried in Canterbury See also:

• CATHEDRAL

Cathedral, where his See also:

• TOMB (Gr. Tuµ/3a, Tuµ(3os, probably allied to Lat. tumulus, literally a swelling, tumere, to swell)

tomb, unless tradition errs, may still be seen . The authorities are mainly those for the reign of John . No See also:

• CON

con-temporary See also:

• BIOGRAPHY (from the Gr. (3ios, life, and yp&4 , writing)

biography has come down to us . Some letters, by Langton and others, See also:

• RELATING

relating to the See also:

• QUARREL

quarrel over his election are preserved in a Canterbury See also:

• CHRONICLE (from Gr. Xpovos, time)

Chronicle (ed . W . See also:

• STUBBS [STUBBES], PHILIP (c. 1555-c. 161o)
• STUBBS [STUnnE], JOHN
• STUBBS, WILLIAM (1825-1901)

Stubbs in the " Rolls" edition of Gervase of Canterbury, vol. ii.) . There are many references to him in the See also:

• CORRESPONDENCE
• CORRESPONDENCE (from med. scholastic Lat. correspondentia, corrcspondere, compounded of Lat. cum, with, and respond ere, to answer; cf. Fr. correspondance)

correspondence of Innocent III . (See also:

• MIGNE, JACQUES PAUL (1800-1875)

Migne's Patrologia See also:

• LATINA, VIA

Latina, vols. ccxiv.-ccxvii.) . Of See also:

• MODERN

modern See also:

• WORKS

works see F . Hurter, Geschichte Papst Innocenz III . (See also:

• HAMBURG

Hamburg, 1841—1844) ; W .

F . See also:

• HOOK, JAMES CLARKE (1819-1907)
• HOOK, THEODORE EDWARD (1788-1841)
• HOOK, WALTER FARQUHAR (1798-1875)

Hook, Lives of the See also:

• ARCH
• ARCH, JOSEPH (1826– )

Arch-bishops of Canterbury (See also:

• LONDON

London, 186o-1876), and W . Stubbs's See also:

• PREFACE (Med. Lat. prefatia, for classical praefatio, praefari, to speak beforehand)

preface to the second See also:

• VOLUME

volume of See also:

• WALTER, HUBERT (d. 1205)
• WALTER, JOHN (1738/9-1812)

Walter of See also:

• COVENTRY, SIR JOHN (d. 1682)
• COVENTRY, SIR WILLIAM (c. 1628-1686)
• COVENTRY, THOMAS COVENTRY, 1ST BARON (2578–1640)

Coventry (" Rolls " ed.), which de-votes See also:

• SPECIAL

special See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention to Langton . The See also:

• MSS

MSS. of Langton's writings are noticed in J . See also:

• BALE
• BALE, JOHN (1495-1563)

Bale's See also:

• INDEX

Index Britanniae scriptorum (ed . R . L . See also:

• POOLE
• POOLE, MATTHEW (1624-1699)
• POOLE, PAUL FALCONER (1806-1879)
• POOLE, REGINALD STUART (1832-1895)

Poole, 1902); his Constitutions are printed in D . Wilkin's Concilia, vol. ii . (London, 1737) . (H . W .

C . D.) Another English See also:

• PRELATE (Lat. praelatus, set above, from praefero, prefer)

prelate who See also:

• BORE

bore the name of Langton was See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

THOMAS LANGTON, bishop of See also:

• WINCHESTER
• WINCHESTER, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF

Winchester, See also:

• CHAPLAIN

chaplain to See also:

• EDWARD

Edward IV . In 1483 he was chosen bishop of St Davids; in 1485 he was made bishop of See also:

• SALISBURY
• SALISBURY, EARLS OF
• SALISBURY, ROBERT ARTHUR TALBOT GASCOYNECECIL, 3RD MARQUESS OF (1830-1903)
• SALISBURY, ROBERT CECIL, 1ST EARL OF (c. 1565-1612)
• SALISBURY, THOMAS DE MONTACUTE, 4TH EARL OF (1388-1428)
• SALISBURY, WILLIAM LONGSWORD (or LONGESPEE), EARL OF (d. 1226)

Salisbury and See also:

• PROVOST (through O. Fr. prevost, mod. prevot, Lat. praepositus, set over, from praeponere, to place in front)

provost of See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen's See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford, and he became bishop of Winchester in 1493 . In 1501 he was elected arch-bishop of Canterbury, but he died on the 27th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1505, before his election had been confirmed .