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LANOLIN (Lat. lana, wool, and oleum, ...

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Originally appearing in Volume V16, Page 184 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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LANOLIN (
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Lat. lana, wool, and oleum, oil)
  , the commercial name of the preparation styled adeps lanae hydrosus in the
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British Pharmacopoeia, and which consists of 7 oz. of neutral wool-fat (adeps lanae) mixed with 3 fluid oz. of
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water . The wool-fat is obtained by
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purification of the " brown grease," " recovered grease " or degras extracted from raw sheep's wool in the
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process of preparing it for the spinner . It is a translucent unctuous substance which has the
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property of taking up large quantities of water and forming emulsions which are very slow to
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separate into their constituents . Owing to the ease with which it penetrates the skin, wool-fat both in the anhydrous form and as lanolin, sometimes mixed with such substances as
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vaseline or fatty oils, is largely employed as a basis for ointments . It is slightly antiseptic and does not become rancid . LA NOUE, FRANCOIS DE (1531—1591), called
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Bras-de-Fer, one of the Huguenot captains of the 16th century, was born near Nantes in 1531, of an ancient Breton
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family . He served in Italy under Marshal Brissac, and in the first Huguenot war, but his first
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great exploit was the capture of Orleans at the head of only fifteen cavaliers in 1567, during the second war . At the
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battle of
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Jarnac in March 1568 he commanded the rearguard, and at Moncontour in the following
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October he was taken prisoner; but he was exchanged in time to resume the governor-
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ship of
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Poitou, and to inflict a
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signal defeat on the royalist troops before Rochefort . At the siege of Fontenay (1570) his
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left arm was shattered by a bullet; but a mechanic of Rochelle made him an iron arm (hence his
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sobriquet) with a hook for holding his reins . When peace was made in France in the same
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year, La Noue carried his sword against the Spaniards in the
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Netherlands, but was taken at the recapture of Mons by the
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Spanish in 1572 . Permitted to return to France, he was commissioned by Charles IX., after the
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massacre of St Bartholomew, to reconcile the inhabitants of La Rochelle, the great stronghold of the
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Huguenots, to the king . But the Rochellois were too much alarmed to come to terms; and La Noue, perceiving that war was imminent, and knowing that his
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post was on the Huguenot side, gave up his royal commission, and from 1574 till 1578 acted as general of La Rochelle .

When peace was again concluded La Noue once more went to aid the Protestants of the

Low Countries . He took several towns and captured Count Egmont in 1580; but a few weeks afterwards he fell into the hands of the Spaniards . Thrust into a loathsome prison at Lim-
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burg, La Noue, the admiration of all, of whatever faith, for his gallantry, honour and purity of character, was kept confined for five years by a powerful nation, whose reluctance to set him
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free is one of the sincerest tributes to his reputation . It was in captivity that he wrote his celebrated Discours politiques et militai.res, a
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work which was published at Basel in 1587 [re-published at La Rochelle 1590, Frankfurt on Main (in German) 1592 and 1612; and
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London (in
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English) 1597] and had an immense influence on the soldiers of all nations . The abiding value of La Noue's " Discourses " lies in the fact that he wrote of war as a human drama, before it had been elaborated and codified . At length, in
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June 1585, La Noue was exchanged for Egmont and other prisoners of consideration, while a heavy ransom and a
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pledge not to bear arms against his Catholic majesty were also exacted from him . Till 1589 La Noue took no
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part in public matters, but in that year he joined Henry of Navarre against the Leaguers . He was
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present at both sieges of Paris, at Ivry and other battles . At the siege of Lamballe in
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Brittany he received a wound of which he died at Moncontour on the 4th of August 1J91 . He wrote, besides the Discourses, Declaration pour prise d'armes et la defers, e de
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Sedan et Jamets (1588) ; Observations sur l'histoire de Guicciardini (2 vols., 1592); and notes on Plutarch's Lives . His Correspondance was published in 1854 . Sec La
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Vie de Francois, seigneur de La Noue, by Moyse Amirault (
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Leiden, 1661);
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Bran-tome's Vies
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des Capitaines francais; C .

Vincen's

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Les Heros de la Re'forme . Fr. de La Noue (1875); and Hauser, Francois de La Noue_ (Paris, 1892) .

End of Article: LANOLIN (Lat. lana, wool, and oleum, oil)
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