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PIERRE MARTIN VICTOR RICHARD DE LAPRADE (1812–1883)

LAPSE (Lat. lapses, a slip or departure)

LAPWING (O.Eng. hledpewince= " one who turns about in running or flight ")

CHARLES LAPWORTH (1842– )

LARAISH (El Araish)

LARCENY (an adaptation of Fr. larcin, O. Fr. larrecin, from Lat. latrocinium, theft, latio, robber)

LARCH (from the Ger. Larche, M.H.G. Lerche, Lat. larix)

PIERRE HENRI LARCHER (1726-1812)

LARCIUS (less accurately LARTIUS), TITUS

LARD (Fr. lard, from Lat. laridum, bacon fat, related to Gr. Naptvos fat, Napos dainty or sweet)

DIONYSIUS LARDNER (1793-1859)

NATHANIEL LARDNER (1684-1768)

LARES (older form Lases)

LARGE INTESTINE X

NICOLAS LARGILLIERE (1656-1746)

SCRIBONIUS LARGUS

LARINO (anc. Larinum)

LARISSA (Turk. Yeni Shehr, " new town ")

PIERRE LARIVEY (c. 1550-1612)

LARK (0. Eng. ldwerce, Ger. Lerche, Dan. Laerke, Dutch Leeuwerik)

PIERRE LAROMIGUILRE (1756-1837)

MARIANO JOSE DE LARRA (1809-1837)

LARSA (Biblical Ellasar, Gen. xiv. 1)

BARTOLOME DE LAS CASAS (1474-1566)

EMMANUEL AUGUSTIN LAS CASES

ANTOINE CHEVALIER LOUIS COLLINET LASALLE

ARNOLD CONSTANTIN PETER FRANZ VON LASAULX (1839—1886)

CONSTANTINE LASCARIS (d. 1493 or 1500)

LASCARIS, JOANNES [JOHN], or JANUS (c. 1445-1535)

EDUARD LASKER (1829-1884)

FERDINAND LASSALLE (1825-1864)

CHRISTIAN LASSEN (1800-1876)

EDUARD LASSEN (1830-19o4)

LASSO (LASSOS), ORLANDO (c. 1530-1594)

LASSO (Span. lazo, snare, ultimately from Lat. laqueus, cf. " lace ")

LATACUNGA (LLACTACUNGA, or, in local parlance, TACUNGA)

LATAKIA (anc. Laodicea)

LATEEN (the Anglicized form of Fr. latine, i.e. voile latine, Latin sail, so-called as the chief form of rig in the Mediterranean)

LATER WARES OF SPAIN AND

LATERAN COUNCILS

LATERITE (Lat. later, a brick)

LATH (0. Eng. laett, Mid. Eng. lappe, a form possibly due to the Welsh llath; the word appears in many Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch lat, Ger. Latte, and has passed into Romanic, cf. Ital. latta, Fr. latte)

FRANCIS LATHROP (1849–1909)

HUGH LATIMER (c. 1490-1555)

LATIN LITERATURE

BRUNETTO LATINI (c. 1210-C. 1294)

LATITUDE (Lat. latitudo, latus, broad)

LATONA (tat. form of Gr. Arlrw, Leto)

HYACINTHE JOSEPH ALEXANDRE THABAUD DE LATOUCHE

PIERRE ANDRE LATREILLE (1762–1833)

CHARLES JOSEPH LATROBE (18o1–1875)

LATTEN (from O. Fr. laton, mod. Fr. laiton, possibly connected with Span. lata, Ital. latta, a lath)

LATTICE LEAF PLANT

JEAN HENRI LATUDE

HEINRICH LAUBE (1806–1884)

LAUD (Lat. laws)

WILLIAM LAUD (1573-1645)

SIR THOMAS DICK LAUDER

WILLIAM LAUDER (d. 1771)

DUKE OF JOHN MAITLAND LAUDERDALE (1616–1682)

JOSEF LAUFF (1855- )

FRANCOIS PIERRE NICHOLAS GILLET DE LAUMONT (1747-1834)

LAUREATE (Lat. laureatus, from laurea, the laurel tree)

HENRY LAURENS (1724–1792)

FRANCOIS LAURENT (1810–1887)

PAUL LAURENTIUS (1554-1624)

LAURIA (LURIA or LURIA) ROGER DE (d. 1305)

LAURIA, or LORIA

SIR WILFRID LAURIER (1841– )

MARQUIS DE JACQUES ALEXANDRE BERNARD LAW LAURISTON (1768—1828)

LAURIUM (Aabptov, mod. ERGASTIRI)

ODET DE LAUTREC

MARQUIS DE PUYGUILHEM ANTONIN NOMPAR DE CAUMONT LAUZUN

LAVABO (Lat. " I will wash "; the Fr. equivalent is laz'oir)

SEIGNEUR DE LOHEAC ANDRE DE LAVAL (c. 1408-1485)

JOHANN KASPAR LAVATER (1741—1801)

HENRI LEON SMILE LAVEDAN (1859— )

SMILE LOUIS VICTOR DE LAVELEYE (1822—1892)

CLEMENT CHARLES FRANCOIS DE LAVERDY (1723-1793)

JOHN LAVERY (18J7– )

CHARLES MARTIAL ALLEMAND LAVIGERIE (1825-1892)

ERNEST LAVISSE (1842– )

ANTOINE LAURENT LAVOISIER (1743-1794)

LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)

LAW OF THE INDEPENDENT ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION OF PARTS

LAW RELATING TO

LAW RELATING TO THEATRES

JOHN LAW (1671—1729)

WILLIAM LAW (1686-1761)

HENRY LAWES (1595-1662)

BART SIR JOHN BENNET LAWES

LAWRENCE (LAURENTIUS, LORENZO), ST

AMOS LAWRENCE (1786—1852)

AMOS ADAMS LAWRENCE (1814–1886)

GEORGE ALFRED LAWRENCE (1827–1876)

1ST BARON JOHN LAIRD MAIR LAWRENCE LAWRENCE (1811-1879)

SIR HENRY MONTGOMERY LAWRENCE (1806–1857)

SIR THOMAS LAWRENCE (1769–1830)

STRINGER LAWRENCE (1697–1775)

CECIL GORDON LAWSON (1851—1882)

SIR JOHN LAWSON (d. 1665)

SIR WILFRID LAWSON

JEAN LOUIS LAYA (1761-1833)

SIR AUSTEN HENRY LAYARD (1817-1894)

LAYNEZ (or LAINEZ), DIEGO (1512-1565)

LAZARITES (LAZARISTS or LAZARIANS)

LAZARUS (a contracted form of the Heb. name Eleazar, " God has helped," Gr. Aiq-apos)

EMMA LAZARUS (1849–1887)

HENRY LAZARUS (1815–1895)

MORITZ LAZARUS (1824–1903)

ORDER OF ST LAZARUS

HENRY CHARLES LEA (1825–1909)

LEAD (pronounced iced)

LEAD POISONING, or PLUMBISM

BENJAMIN WILLIAMS LEADER (1831– )

LEAF (O. Eng. leaf, cf. Dutch loof, Ger. Laub, Swed. lof, &c.; possibly to be referred to the root seen in Gr. Ma-eta, to peel, strip)

WILLIAM MARTIN LEAKE (1777-186o)

CHARLES LUCIEN LEANDRE (1862- )

EDWARD LEAR (1812-1888)

LEASE (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. laxare, to loosen)

LEATHER (a word which appears in all Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Leder, Dutch leer or leder, Swed. leder, and in such Celtic forms as Welsh llader)

ARTIFICIAL LEATHER

STANLEY LEATHES (1830-1900)

LEAVEN (in Mid. Eng. levain, adapted from Fr. levain, in same sense, from Lat. levamen, which is only found in the sense of alleviation, comfort, levare, to lift up)

LEBANON (from Semitic laban, " to be white," or " whitish," probably referring not to snow, but to the bare white walls ofchalk or limestone which form the characteristic feature of the whole range)

JOSEPH LEBEAU (1794-1865)

JEAN LEBEL (d. 1370)

JEAN MICHEL CONSTANT LEBER (178o-1859)

EDMOND LEBEUF (1809-1888)

JEAN LEBEUF (1687–176o)

LEBRIJA, or LEBRIXA

CHARLES FRANCCOIS LEBRUN

PIERRE ANTOINE LEBRUN (1785–1873)

PONCE DENIS ECOUCHARD LEBRUN (1729-1807)

LECCE (anc. Lupiae)

GOTTHARD VICTOR LECHLER (1811–1888)

WILLIAM EDWARD HARTPOLE LECKY (1838–1903)

ALEXANDRE CHARLES LECOCQ (1832– )

CHARLES MARIE RENE LECONTE DE LISLE (1818-1894)

ADRIENNE LECOUVREUR (1692-1730)

LECTERN (through 0. Fr. leitrun, from Late Lat. lectrum, or leclrinnna, legere, to read; the French equivalent is lutrin; Ital. leggio; Ger. Lesepult)

LECTIONARY LECTION

LECTISTERNIUM (from Lat. lectum sternere, "to spread a couch "; urpwyvai in Dion. Halic. xii. 9)

LECTOR, or READER

LEDGER (from the English dialect forms liggen or leggen, to lie or lay; in sense adapted from the Dutch substantive logger)

COUNT MIECISLAUS JOHANN LEDOCHOWSKI (1822-1902)

JOHN LEDYARD (1751–1789)

LEE (or LEGIT) ROWLAND (d. 1543)

ANN LEE (1736–1784)

ARTHUR LEE (1740–1792)

FITZHUGH LEE (1835–1905)

GEORGE ALEXANDER LEE (1802-1851)

HENRY LEE (1756-1818)

JAMES PRINCE LEE (1804-1869)

NATHANIEL LEE (c. 1653-16g2)

RICHARD HENRY LEE (1732-1794)

ROBERT EDWARD LEE (1807–1870)

SIDNEY LEE (1859– )

SOPHIA LEE (1950-1824)

STEPHEN DILL LEE (1833-1908)

JOHN LEECH (1817-1864)

THOMAS OSBORNE LEEDS

LEEUWENHOEK, or LEUWENHOEK, ANTHONY VAN (1632–1723)

LEEWARD ISLANDS

PIERRE FRANCOIS JOSEPH LEFEBVRE

TANNEGUY LEFEBVRE (TANAQUILLUS FABER) (1615-1672)

LEG (a word of Scandinavian origin, from the Old Norwegian leggr, cf. Swed. lagg, Dan. laeg; the O. Eng. word was sceanca, shank)

LEGACY (Lat. legatum)

HUGH SWINTON LEGARE (1797–1843)

LEGATE (Lat. legatus, past part. of legare, to send as deputy)

BARTHOLOMEW LEGATE (c. 1575-1612)

LEGATION (Lat. legalio, a sending or mission)

LEGEND (through the French from the med. Lat. legenda, things to be read, from legere, to read)

ADRIEN MARIE LEGENDRE (1752–1833)

LOUIS LEGENDRE (1752-1797)

LEGERDEMAIN (Fr. leger-de-main, i.e. light or sleight of hand)

JAMES LEGGE (1815-1897)

LEGHORN (Ital. Livorno, Fr. Livourne)

LEGION (Lat. legio)

LEGITIMISTS (Fr. legitimistes, from legitime, lawful, legitimate)

GABRIEL JEAN BAPTISTE ERNEST WILFRID LEGOUVE (1807–1903)

ALPHONSE LEGROS (1837– )

JOHANN GOTTLOB LEHMANN (?-1767)

PETER MARTIN ORLA LEHMANN (1810-187o)

KARL LEHRS (18o -.1878)

LEIBNITZ (LEIBNIZ), GOTTFRIED WILHELM

EARLS OF LEICESTER

EARL ROBERT DUDLEY LEICESTER

EARL OF ROBERT SIDNEY LEICESTER (1563-1626)

EARL OF THOMAS WILLIAM COKE LEICESTER (1754-1842)

JOSEPH LEIDY (1823–1891)

LEIF ERICSSON ILEIFR

EDWARD LEIGH (1602–1671)

LEIGHTON BUZZARD

BARON FREDERICK LEIGHTON LEIGHTON (183o–1896)

ROBERT LEIGHTON (161x—1684)

JACOB LEISLER (c. 1635–1691)

LEITMERITZ (Czech, Litomer`ice)

GOTTLIEB WILHELM LEITNER (184o-1899)

BARON LOUIS FRANCOIS LEJEUNE (1776-1848)

LELAND (LEYLAND Or LAYLONDE), JOHN (c. 1506-1552)

LELAND STANFORD JR

CHARLES GODFREY LELAND (1824-1903)

JOHN LELAND (1691–1766)

JOACHIM LELEWEL (1786-1861)

JACQUES LELONG (1665–1721)

SIR PETER LELY (1617—168o)

FRANCOIS ELIE JULES LEMAITRE (1853— )

LEMBERG (Pol. Lwdw, Lat. Leopolis)

LOUIS JEAN NEPOMUCENE LEMERCIER (1771–1840)

ANTOINE MARIN LEMIERRE (1733—1i93)

JULES AUGUSTE LEMIRE (1853— )

LEMNISCATE (from Gr. X wLo coc, ribbon)

LEMNOS (mod. Limnos)

MARK LEMON (1809-1870)

ANTOINE LOUIS CAMILLE LEMONNIER (1844– )

PIERRE CHARLES LEMONNIER (1715—1799)

JEAN BAPTISTE LEMOYNE (1704—1778)

JOHN LEMPRIERE (c. 1765—1824)

LEMUR (from Lat. lemures, " ghosts ")

FRANZ VON LENBACH (1836-1904)

NINON DE LENCLOS (1615-1705)

JACQUES LENFANT (1661–1728)

JACOB VAN LENNEF (1802–1868)

CHARLOTTE LENNOX (1720-1804)

COUNTESS OF MARGARET LENNOX (1515-1578)

FRANCOIS LENORMANT (1837–1883)

LENS (from Lat. lens, lentil, on account of the similarity of the form of a lens to that of a lentil seed)

LENT (0. Eng. lenclen, " spring," M. Eng. lenten, lente, lent; cf. Dut. lente, Ger. Lenz, " spring," 0. H. Ger. lenzin, lengizin, lenzo, probably from the same root as " long " and referring to " the lengthening days ")

WILLIAM LENTHALL (1591-1662)

JAKOB MICHAEL REINHOLD LENZ (1751-1792)

BROTHER LEO (d. c. 1270)

HEINRICH LEO (1799-1878)

JOHANNES LEO (c. 1494-1552)

LEONARDO LEO (1694–1744)

LEOBSCHUTZ (Bohemian Lubczyce)

LEOFRIC (d. 1057)

LEON OF MODENA (1571-1648)

LUIS PONCE DE LEON (1527-1591)

MOSES BEN SI LEON

LEON, or LEON DE LAS ALDAMAS

LEONARDO DA VINCI (1452–1519)

159 LEONARDO DA VINCI

LEONARDO OF PISA (LEONARDUS PISANUS Or FIBONACCI)

RUGGIERO LEONCAVALLO (1858– )

LEONTIASIS OSSEA

LEONTINI (mod. Lentini)

COUNT GIACOMO LEOPARDI (1798-1837)

ALESSANDRO LEOPARDO (d. c. 1512)

LEOPOLD (M.H. Ger. Liupolt; O.H. Ger. Liupald, from hut, Mod. Ger. Leute, " people," and paid, " bold," i.e. " bold for the people ")