LATER WARES OF See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

SPAIN AND  See also:

• PORTUGAL

PORTUGAL We shall only See also:

• DEAL

deal at length here with those important kinds of pottery that have exerted real See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence on the See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical development of the See also:

• ART

art . Offshoots from the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main See also:

• STEM (O. Eng. staefn, stemn, cf. Du. stain, Ger. Stamm, &c., probably related to " staff ")

stem that have See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed little or no individuality can only be briefly mentioned . When the characteristic See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish-Moorish lustre wares ceased to be desired by the wealthy they rapidly sank into insignificance, though as a decorative See also:

• PEASANT (O. Fr. paysant, Mod. paysan; Lat. pagensis, belonging to the pagus or country; cf. " pagan ")

peasant pottery their manufacture never really ceased and has been revived again in our See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day . The course of pottery importation was changed and the now See also:

• FASHION (adapted from Fr. facon, agon, Lat. factio, making, facere, to do or make)

fashion-able See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian See also:

• MAJOLICA

majolica was brought into See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain in the 16th and 17th centuries, as Hispano-Moresque wares had followed the opposite course two centuries earlier . Besides the influence which these imported wares had on the Spanish potters, a number of wandering Italian majolists found their way into Spain, so that we find the use of painted See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour, particularly See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

blue, yellow, See also:

• ORANGE
• ORANGE (Citrus Aurantium)
• ORANGE, HOUSE OF

orange, See also:

• GREEN, A
• GREEN, ALEXANDER HENRY (1832—1896)
• GREEN, DUFF (1791—1875)
• GREEN, JOHN RICHARD (1837—1883)
• GREEN, MATTHEW (1696-1737)
• GREEN, THOMAS HILL (1836-1882)
• GREEN, VALENTINE (1739–1813)
• GREEN, WILLIAM HENRY (.1825–1900)

green and See also:

• PURPLE

purple, making its See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance at various centres, around See also:

• VALENCIA
• VALENCIA, or VALENTIA

Valencia, at Triana near See also:

• SEVILLE
• SEVILLE (Span. Sevilla, Lat. Ispalis or Hispalis, Moorish Ishbiliya)

Seville, &c., but the most important manufacture was at Talavera in the centre of the See also:

• PENINSULA
• PENINSULA (Lat. paeninsula, from paene, almost, and insula, an island)

peninsula . The best of this See also:

• WARE

ware recalls the See also:

• LATE

late Italian majolica of See also:

• SAVONA

Savona, and the influence of See also:

• CHINESE, JAPANESE AND

Chinese See also:

• PORCELAIN

porcelain de-signs, probably filtered through to the Spanish potters by the then popular enamelled See also:

• DELFT

Delft wares, is very apparent . The See also:

• POTTERIES, THE

potteries of Talavera are mentioned as See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early as 156o, and they continued at See also:

• WORK

work, with varying fortunes, down to the end of the 18th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . Many and varied wares were produced, including tiles as well as pottery; the most See also:

• COMMON

common pottery pieces are dishes, howls, vases, tinajas, See also:

• HOLY

holy-See also:

• WATER

water vessels, See also:

• DRUG
• DRUG (from Fr. drogue, a word common in Romance languages, cf. Span. and Ital. droga; the origin of the word is obscure, but may possibly be connected with Dutch droog, dry)

drug-pots, and See also:

• HANGING

hanging See also:

• FLOWER (Lat. flos, floris; Fr. fleur)
• FLOWER, SIB

flower vases,together with moulded and painted snails, owls, See also:

• DOGS, ISLE OF

dogs, oranges, almonds, walnuts, and every See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of See also:

• FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit . Apart from the poorer colour the See also:

• BAROQUE

baroque See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style of See also:

• ORNAMENT (Lat. ornare, to adorn)

ornament also rendered the ware much inferior to that of See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy or of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France . The popular Talavera wares were imitated else-where in Spain, and a number of factories existed at See also:

• TOLEDO
• TOLEDO, COUNCILS OF (Concilia toletana)

Toledo in the 17th century, but their wares are very inferior . In the 18th century, besides debased imitations of this ware, some coarse but striking pottery was made at Puente del Arzobispo near Toledo . An interesting offshoot from the Talavera potteries is to be found in the See also:

• TIN (Lat.- stannum, whence the chemical symbol " Sn "; atomic weight =117.6, 0=16)

tin-enamelled wares made at See also:

• PUEBLA
• PUEBLA (full title La Puebla de los Angeles, and more recently, Puebla de Zaragoza)

Puebla, See also:

• MEXICO
• MEXICO (Span. Mejico, or Mexico,)
• MEXICO, FEDERAL DISTRICT OF
• MEXICO, GULF OF

Mexico, from the early 17th century .

It is said that Spanish potters weresettled at this See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place by the See also:

• DOMINICANS

Dominicans soon after 1600; and the making of a debased See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of Spanish majolica continued there for nearly two centuries . See See also:

• BARBER (from Lat. barba, beard)

Barber's "Tin-Enamelled Pottery," Bulletin of the See also:

• PHILADELPHIA

Philadelphia Museum, 1907 . During the 18th century determined efforts were made by See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles III. and by the famous See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

Count See also:

• ARANDA, PEDRO PABLO ABARCA DE BOLEA, COUNT

Aranda to improve the Spanish pottery wares, as well as to introduce the manufacture of porcelain . The efforts of the king led to the See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation of the porcelain See also:

• WORKS

works at Buen Retiro near See also:

• MADRID

Madrid, which will be mentioned later, and considerable success also attended the revival of strong See also:

• COPPER (symbol Cu, atomic weight 63.1, H=1, or 63.6, O = 16)

copper lustre, like that of the late Hispano-Moresque wares; but the finest tin-enamelled wares were those made at Alcora in the important factory founded by Count Aranda in 1726, which continued in operation down to the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• WARS

wars . For his purposes the count brought from Moustiers, then one of the famous French pottery centres (see above), See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

Joseph Olerys, a well-known pot-painter . He went to Alcora as See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• DRAUGHTS (from AS. dragan, to draw)

draughts-See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man and designer, having See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of a number of Spanish potters and painters . Olerys introduced the Moustiers style of decoration, and the glaze and See also:

• BODY

body of the Alcora wares of the best See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period recall the See also:

• FINE

fine quality of Moustiers See also:

• FAIENCE

faience . It is only See also:

• FAIR

fair to add that Olerys in his turn learnt the use of various delicate yellow and green See also:

• COLOURS, MILITARY

colours from the Spaniards, and when he returned to France in 1737, having acquitted himself most honourably, he introduced this new style of delicate polychrome decoration at Moustiers . The mixture of motives and ideas that animated the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke and his potters may be seen by the following See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list of wares produced about 1750 . Vases of different shapes; small teapots; teapots and covers, Chinese fashion; teapots and covers, Dutch fashion; cruets, Chinese style; entree dishes; See also:

• SALT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zout, Ger. Salz, Scand. salt; cognate with Gr. &Xs, Lat. sal)
• SALT, SIR TITUS, BART

salt-cellars, Chinese style; escudillas (See also:

• BOWLS

bowls) of See also:

• CONSTANTINOPLE
• CONSTANTINOPLE, COUNCILS OF

Constantinople; barquillos (See also:

• SAUCE

sauce-bowls), Chinese style; cups, plates, and saucers of different kinds with See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good painted See also:

• BORDERS, THE

borders in See also:

• IMITATION (Lat. imitatio, from intitari, to imitate)

imitation of See also:

• LACE (corresponding to Ital. merletto, trina; Genoese Pizzo; Ger. spitzen; Fr. dentelle; Dutch kanten; Span. encaje; the English word owes something to the Fr. lassis or laces, but both are connected with the earlier Lat. laqueus; early French laces were

lace-work, and finally fruit-stands, See also:

• SALAD (Med. Lat. salata, salted, pickled, salare, to sprinkle with salt)

salad-bowls and dishes, trays and refrigerators . Later in the century the manufacture of porcelain was introduced here, as well as See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white earthenware made in imitation of the productions of See also:

• WEDGWOOD, JOSIAH (1730-1795)

Wedgwood, and the tin-enamelled wares flickered out in Spain as they did elsewhere . The manufacture of a kind of debased majolica was also practised in Portugal from the 16th century down to our own times; but the ware never attained to any distinction and is little known outside that See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country .

The best-known specimens were made at Rato, near See also:

• LISBON (Lisboa)

Lisbon, where a factory was founded in 1767 under the patronage of the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court . Mention must be made of the unglazed native pottery of Spain and Portugal, for See also:

• WINE (Lat. vinum, Gr. oivos)

wine-jars, water-jars and bottles, cooking pots, and other domestic utensils are still made in these countries for See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary domestic use, in traditional forms and by methods of the most See also:

• PRIMITIVE

primitive kind . Many of these vessels, especially the tinajas (wine-jars) and water-coolers, are based on See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient, classical or Arab forms, and in every country See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market-place it is still common to see See also:

• GROUPS
• GROUPS, THEORY

groups of vessels, in unglazed pottery of fine shape and finish, exposed for See also:

• SALE
• SALE, GEORGE (c. 1697-1736)
• SALE, SIR ROBERT HENRY (1782—1845)

sale—a very different See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of things from what obtains in France, See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, and particularly in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, where the primitive methods of the peasant are being imitated by those who ought to know better . From the 16th to the 18th century a See also:

• SPECIAL

special kind of unglazed pottery vessels known as buccaros was extensively made both in Spain and Portugal . The body of the ware is unglazed, whitish, See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black or red, according to the special kind of See also:

• CLAY (from O. Eng. claeg, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Klei)
• CLAY, CASSIUS MARCELLUS (1810-1903)
• CLAY, CHARLES (1801–1893)
• CLAY, FREDERIC (1838–1889)
• CLAY, HENRY (1777–1852)

clay . The curious point about this ware is that, if we may believe contemporary documents, the vessels were delicately scented, like a ware imported from Mexico; and the soft vessels are said to have been eaten—a See also:

• CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom common enough in certain parts of Central and See also:

• SOUTHERN

Southern See also:

• AMERICA

America . (See M . L . See also:

• SOLON (7th and 6th century n.c.)

Solon, The See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

Noble Buccaros, 1896.) (W .