See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

HENRY See also:

• HENRY LAURENS (1724–1792)

LAURENS (1724–1792)  , See also:

• AMERICAN

American statesman, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in See also:

• CHARLESTON

Charleston, See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South Carolina, on the 24th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1724, of Huguenot ancestry . When sixteen he became a clerk in a counting-See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house in See also:

• LONDON

London, and later engaged in commercial pursuits with See also:

• GREAT

great success at Charleston until 1771, when he retired from active business . He spent the next three years travelling in See also:

• EUROPE

Europe and superintending the See also:

• EDUCATION

education of his sons in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England . In spite of his strong See also:

• ATTACHMENT

attachment to England, and although he had defended the See also:

• STAMP (from " to stamp," to strike or tread heavily, hence to impress, O. Eng. stempen, Du. stampen, Ger. stampfen, whence, O. Fr. estamper, mod. etamper)

Stamp See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

Act, in 1774, in the See also:

• HOPE, ANTHONY
• HOPE, THOMAS (c. 1770-1831)

hope of averting See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war, he See also:

• UNITED

united with See also:

• THIRTY

thirty-seven other Americans in a See also:

• PETITION (Lat. for " seeking " or " praying ")

petition to See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament against the passing of the See also:

• BOSTON
• BOSTON, THOMAS (1676-1732)

Boston See also:

• PORT

Port See also:

• BILL

Bill . Becoming convinced that a peaceful See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement was impracticable, he returned to Charleston at the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of 1774, and there allied himself with the conservative See also:

• ELEMENT (Lat. elementum)

element of the Whig party . He was soon made See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the South Carolina See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of safety, and in 1776 See also:

• VICE

vice-president of the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state; in the same See also:

• YEAR

year he was sent as a delegate from South Carolina to the See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• CONTINENTAL

continental See also:

• CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

congress at See also:

• PHILADELPHIA

Philadelphia, of which See also:

• BODY

body he was president from See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1777 until See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1778 . In See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 178o he started on a See also:

• MISSION

mission to negotiate on behalf of congress a See also:

• LOAN (adapted from the Scandinavian form of a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Swed. Mn, Icel. lan, Dut. leen; the O.E. laen appears in " lend," the ultimate source is seen in the root of Gr. Xeiaecv and Lat. linquere, to leave)

loan of ten million dollars in See also:

• HOLLAND
• HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
• HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
• HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
• HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
• HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
• HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
• HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART

Holland; but he was captured on the 3rd of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September off the See also:

• BANKS, GEORGE LINNAEUS (1821-1881)
• BANKS, NATHANIEL PRENTISS (1816–1894)
• BANKS, SIR JOSEPH
• BANKS, THOMAS (1735-1805)

Banks of See also:

• NEWFOUNDLAND

Newfoundland by the See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• FRIGATE

frigate " Vestal," taken to London and closely imprisoned in the See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

Tower . His papers were found to contain a See also:

• SKETCH (directly adapted from Dutch schets, which was taken from Ital. schizzo, a rough draft, Lat. schedium, something hastily made, Gr. oxE&os, sudden, off-hand, axeb6v, near by; Ger. Skizze and Fr. esquisse are from the same source)

sketch of a treaty between the United States and Holland projected by See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• LEE
• LEE (or LEGIT) ROWLAND (d. 1543)
• LEE, ANN (1736–1784)
• LEE, ARTHUR (1740–1792)
• LEE, FITZHUGH (1835–1905)
• LEE, GEORGE ALEXANDER (1802-1851)
• LEE, HENRY (1756-1818)
• LEE, JAMES PRINCE (1804-1869)
• LEE, NATHANIEL (c. 1653-16g2)
• LEE, RICHARD HENRY (1732-1794)
• LEE, ROBERT EDWARD (1807–1870)
• LEE, SIDNEY (1859– )
• LEE, SOPHIA (1950-1824)
• LEE, STEPHEN DILL (1833-1908)

Lee, in the service of Congress, and See also:

• JAN

Jan de Neufville, acting on behalf of Mynheer See also:

• VAN

Van Berckel, See also:

• PENSIONARY

pensionary of See also:

• AMSTERDAM
• AMSTERDAM (NEw AMSTERDAM)

Amsterdam, and this See also:

• DISCOVERY

discovery eventually led to war between Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain and the United Provinces . During his imprisonment his healfh became greatly impaired . On the 31st of December 1781 he was released on See also:

• PAROLE (shortened from the Fr. parole d'honneur, word of honour)

parole, and he was finally exchanged for See also:

• CORNWALLIS, CHARLES CORNWALLIS
• CORNWALLIS, SIR WILLIAM (1744-1819)

Cornwallis . In See also:

• JUNE

June 1782 he was appointed one of the American commissioners for negotiating See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace with Great Britain, but he did not reach See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris until the 28th of November 1782, only two days before the preliminaries of peace were signed by himself, See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• ADAMS
• ADAMS, ANDREW LEITH (1827-1882)
• ADAMS, CHARLES FRANCIS (1807-1886)
• ADAMS, HENRY (1838— )
• ADAMS, HENRY CARTER (1852— )
• ADAMS, HERBERT (i858— )
• ADAMS, HERBERT BAXTER (1850—1901)
• ADAMS, JOHN (1735–1826)
• ADAMS, JOHN QUINCY (1767-1848)
• ADAMS, SAMUEL (1722-1803)
• ADAMS, THOMAS (d. c. 1655)
• ADAMS, WILLIAM (d. 162o)

Adams, See also:

• FRANKLIN
• FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN (1706-1790)
• FRANKLIN, SIR JOHN (1786-1847)
• FRANKLIN, WILLIAM BUEL (1823-1903)

Franklin and See also:

• JAY (Fr. geai)
• JAY, JOHN (1745-1829)
• JAY, WILLIAM (1769-1853)

Jay . On the See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day of See also:

• SIGNING

signing, however, he procured the insertion of a clause prohibiting the British from " carrying away any negroes or other See also:

• PROPERTY

property of American inhabitants "; and this subsequently led to considerable See also:

• FRICTION (from Lat. fricare, to rub)

friction between the British and American governments .

On See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of failing See also:

• HEALTH

health he did not remain for the signing of the definitive treaty, but returned to Charleston, where he died on the 8th of December 1792 . His son, JoxN See also:

• LAURENS, HENRY (1724–1792)

LAURENS (1754-1782), American revolutionary officer, was born at Charleston, South Carolina, on the 28th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1754 . He was educated in England, and on his return to See also:

• AMERICA

America in 1777, in the height of the revolutionary struggle, he joined See also:

• WASHINGTON
• WASHINGTON (or WASHINGTON COURT HOUSE)
• WASHINGTON, BOOKER TALIAFERRO (c. 1859– )
• WASHINGTON, BUSHROD (1762-1829)
• WASHINGTON, GEORGE (1732-1799)

Washington's See also:

• STAFF (O. Eng. staef, cf. Du. staf, Ger. Stab, &c.; Icel. stafr meant also a written letter, and O. Eng. stafas, the letters of the alphabet; " stave," one of the thin pieces of wood of which a cask is made, is a doublet)

staff . He soon gained his See also:

• COMMANDER

commander's confidence, which he reciprocated with the most devoted attachment, and was entrusted with the delicate duties of a confidential secretary, which he performed with much tact and skill . He was See also:

• PRESENT

present in all Washington's battles, from See also:

• BRANDYWINE

Brandywine to See also:

• YORKTOWN

Yorktown, and his gallantry on every occasion has gained him the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of " the See also:

• BAYARD, PIERRE TERRAIL, SEIGNEUR DE (1473–1524)
• BAYARD, THOMAS FRANCIS (1828-1898)

Bayard of the Revolution." Laurens displayed bravery even to rashness in the storming of the Chew See also:

• MANSION (through O. Fr. mansion, mod. maison, from Lat. mansio, dwelling-place, stage on a journey; manere, to remain)

mansion at See also:

• GERMANTOWN

Germantown; at See also:

• MONMOUTH (Welsh Mynwy)
• MONMOUTH, BATTLE OF (1778)
• MONMOUTH, JAMES SCOTT
• MONMOUTH, ROBERT CAREY, 1ST EARL OF (c. 1560-1639)

Monmouth, where he saved Washington's See also:

• LIFE

life, and was himself severely wounded; and at Coosahatchie, where, with a handful of men, he defended a pass against a large See also:

• ENGLISH

English force under General See also:

• AUGUSTINE, SAINT (354-430)
• AUGUSTINE, SAINT (d. c.613)

Augustine See also:

• PREVOST, ANTOINE FRANCOIS (1697–1763)
• PREVOST, CONSTANT (1787-1856)
• PREVOST, EUGENE MARCEL (1862- )
• PREVOST, PIERRE (1751-1839)

Prevost, and was again wounded . He fought a See also:

• DUEL (Ital. duello, Lat. duellum—old form of bellum-from duo, two)

duel against General See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles Lee, and wounded him, on account of that officer's disrespectful conduct towards Washington . Laurens distinguished himself further at See also:

• SAVANNAH

Savannah, and at the See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege of Charleston in 1780 . After the See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture of Charleston by the English, he rejoined Washington, and was selected by him as a See also:

• SPECIAL

special See also:

• ENVOY (Fr. envoye, " sent ")

envoy to See also:

• APPEAL

appeal to the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France for supplies for the See also:

• RELIEF

relief of the American armies, which had been brought by prolonged service and scanty pay to the See also:

• VERGE (Lat. virga, a rod)

verge of See also:

• DISSOLUTION (from Lat. dissolvere, to break up into parts)

dissolution . The more active co-operation of the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French fleets with the See also:

• LAND

land forces in See also:

• VIRGINIA
• VIRGINIA, or VERGINIA
• VIRGINIA, UNIVERSITY OF

Virginia, which was one result of his mission, brought about the disaster of Cornwallis at Yorktown . Laurens lost no See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time in rejoining the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army, and at Yorktown was at the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of an American storming party which captured an advanced See also:

• REDOUBT (Fr. redoute, from Med. Lat. reductus, a place of retreat, refuge, reducere, lead back, retire; the intrusive b is due to the O. Fr. redoubter, to fear, Lat. dubitare, to doubt)

redoubt . Laurens was designated with the vicomte de See also:

• NOAILLES

Noailles to arrange the terms of the surrender, which virtually ended the war, although desultory skirmishing, especially in the South, attended the months of delay before peace was formally concluded . In one of these trifling affairs on the 27th of August 1782, on the Combahee See also:

• RIVER

river, Laurens exposed himself needlessly and was killed .

Washington lamented deeply the See also:

• DEATH

death of Laurens, saying of him, " He had not a See also:

• FAULT (Mid. Eng. faute, through the French, from the popular Latin use of fallere, to fail; the originallof the Latin being replaced in English in the 15th century)

fault that I could discover, unless it were intrepidity bordering upon rashness." The most valuable of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry Laurens's papers and See also:

• PAMPHLETS

pamphlets including the important " Narrative of the Capture of Henry Laurens, of his Confinement in the Tower of London, &c., 178o, 1781, 1782," in vol. i . (Charleston, 1857) of the Society's Collections, have been published by the South Carolina See also:

• HISTORICAL

Historical Society . John Laurens's military See also:

• CORRESPONDENCE
• CORRESPONDENCE (from med. scholastic Lat. correspondentia, corrcspondere, compounded of Lat. cum, with, and respond ere, to answer; cf. Fr. correspondance)

correspondence, with a brief memoir by W . G . See also:

• SIMMS, WILLIAM GILMORE (1806–1870)

Simms, was privately printed by the See also:

• BRADFORD
• BRADFORD, JOHN (1510?—1555)
• BRADFORD, WILLIAM (1590—1657)
• BRADFORD, WILLIAM (1663—1752)
• BRADFORD, WILLIAM (1827—1892)

Bradford See also:

• CLUB (connected with " clump ")

Club, New See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York, in 1867 .