LAVA  , an See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian word (from See also:

• LAT

Lat. lavare, to See also:

• WASH, THE

wash) applied to the liquid products of volcanic activity . Streams of See also:

• RAIN (O.E. regn; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Regen, Swed. and Dan. regn; it has been connected with Lat. rigare, to wet, Gr. 13pixeav)

rain-See also:

• WATER

water, formed by condensation of exhaled See also:

• STEAM
• STEAM (0. Eng. steam, vapour, smoke, cf. Du. steam; the origin is unknown)

steam often mingled with volcanic ashes so as to produce mud, are known as lava d'acqua, whilst the streams of molten See also:

• MATTER

matter are called lava di fuoco . The See also:

• TERM

term lava is applied by geologists to all matter of volcanic origin, which is, or has been, in a molten See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state . The magma, or molten lava in the interior of the See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

earth, may be regarded as a mutual See also:

• SOLUTION (from Lat. solvere, to loosen, dissolve)

solution of various See also:

• MINERAL

mineral silicates, charged with highly-heated vapour, sometimes to the extent of super-saturation . According to the proportion of See also:

• SILICA

silica, the lava is distinguished as " See also:

• ACID (from the Lat. root ac-, sharp; acere, to be sour)

acid " or " basic." The basic lavas are II See also:

• DES

des See also:

• CORDELIERS, CLUB OF THE

Cordeliers, which See also:

• DATES

dates from the end of the Toth See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century or the beginning of the 15th, has some See also:

• FINE

fine See also:

• MARBLE (from Lat. marmor, Gr. pApµapos, shining stone)

marble altars . See also:

• HALF

Half-a-mile below the See also:

• PONT (or KYLPONT), ROBERT (1524–1606)

Pont Vieux is the beautiful 12th-century See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of Avenieres, with an ornamental See also:

• SPIRE

spire of 1534 . The finest remaining relic of the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient fortifications is the Beucheresse See also:

• GATE

gate near the See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral . The narrow streets around the See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle are bordered by many old houses of the 15th and 16th century, See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief among which is that known as the " Maison du See also:

• GRAND

Grand Veneur." There are an See also:

• ART

art-museum, a museum of natural See also:

• HISTORY

history and See also:

• ARCHAEOLOGY (from Gr. &pxa1a, ancient things, and Xoyos, theory or science)

archaeology and a library . The See also:

• TOWN

town is embellished by fine promenades, at the entrance of one of which, facing the mairie, stands the statue of the celebrated surgeon Ambroise See also:

• PARE, AMBROISE (1510-1590)

Pare (1517-1590) . See also:

• LAVAL
• LAVAL, ANDRE DE, SEIGNEUR DE LOHEAC (c. 1408-1485)

Laval is the seat of a See also:

• PREFECT (prefet)

prefect, a bishopric created in 1855, and a See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of assizes, and has tribunals of first instance and of See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce, a chamber of commerce, a See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board of See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade-arbitrators, training colleges, an ecclesiastical See also:

• SEMINARY (Lat. seminarium, from semen, seed)

seminary and a lycee for boys . The See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry of the town is the See also:

• CLOTH

cloth manufacture, introduced from See also:

• FLANDERS (Flem. Vlaanderen)

Flanders in the 14th century . The See also:

• PRODUCTION (Lat. productionem, from producere, to pro-duce)

production of fabrics of See also:

• LINEN

linen, of See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

cotton or of mixtures of both, occupies some Io,000 hands in the town and suburbs .

Among the numerous other See also:

• INDUSTRIES

industries are See also:

• METAL
• METAL (through Fr. from Lat. metallum, mine, quarry, adapted from Gr. µATaXAov, in the same sense, probably connected with ,ueraAAdv, to search after, explore, µeTa, after, aAAos, other)

metal-See also:

• FOUNDING (from Lat. fundere, to pour)

founding, See also:

• FLOUR

flour-milling, tanning, See also:

• DYEING (0. Eng. dedgian, dealt ; Mid. Eng. deyen)

dyeing, the making of boots and shoes, and the sawing of the marble quarried in the vicinity . There is trade in See also:

• GRAIN (derived through the French from Lat. granum, seed, from an Aryan root meaning " to wear down," which also appears in the common Teutonic word " corn ")

grain . Laval is not known to have existed before the 9th century . It was taken by See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• TALBOT (FAMILY)
• TALBOT, MARY ANNE (1778-1808)
• TALBOT, WILLIAM HENRY FOX (1800–1877)

Talbot, See also:

• EARL

earl of See also:

• SHREWSBURY
• SHREWSBURY, CHARLES TALBOT, DUKE OF (166o-1718)
• SHREWSBURY, DUKE
• SHREWSBURY, EARLS OF
• SHREWSBURY, ELIZABETH TALBOT, COUNTESS OF (1518–16o8)
• SHREWSBURY, JOHN TALBOT, 1ST EARL OF (d. 1453)

Shrewsbury, in 1428, changed hands several times during the See also:

• WARS

wars of the See also:

• LEAGUE

League, and played an important See also:

• PART

part at the end of the 18th century in the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war of La See also:

• VENDEE
• VENDEE, WARS OF THE

Vendee .