See also:

• LEGATE (Lat. legatus, past part. of legare, to send as deputy)
• LEGATE, BARTHOLOMEW (c. 1575-1612)

LEGATE (See also:

• LAT

Lat. legatus, past See also:

• PART

part. of See also:

• LEGARE, HUGH SWINTON (1797–1843)

legare, to send as See also:

• DEPUTY (through the Fr. from a Late Lat. use of deputare, to cut off, allot; putare having the original sense of to trim, prune)

deputy)  , a See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title now generally confined to the highest class of See also:

• DIPLOMATIC

diplomatic representatives of the See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope, though still occasionally used, in its See also:

• ORIGINAL

original Latin sense, of any See also:

• AMBASSADOR (also EMBASSADOR, the form sometimes still used in America; from the Fr. ambassadeur, with which compare Ital. ambasciatore and Span. embajador, all variants of the Med. Lat. ambassiator, ambassiator, ambasator, &c., derived from Med. Lat. amba

ambassador or diplomatic See also:

• AGENT (from Lat. agere, to act)

agent . According to the Nova Compilatio Decretalium of See also:

• GREGORY
• GREGORY (Gregorius)
• GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
• GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
• GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
• GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NYSSA (c.331—c. 396)
• GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)

Gregory IX., under the title " De officio legati " the See also:

• CANON

canon See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law recognizes two sorts of See also:

• LEGATE (Lat. legatus, past part. of legare, to send as deputy)
• LEGATE, BARTHOLOMEW (c. 1575-1612)

legate, the legatus natus and the legatus datus or missus . The legatus datus (missus) may be either.(r) delegatus, or (2) nuncius apostolicus, or (3) legatus a latere (laterali.r, collateralis) . The rights of the legatus natus, which included concurrent See also:

• JURISDICTION
• JURISDICTION, CRIMINAL LAW, DIVORCE

jurisdiction with that of all the bishops within his See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province, have been much curtailed since the 16th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century; they were altogether suspended in presence of the higher claims of a legatus a latere, and the title is now almost quite honorary . It was attached to the see of See also:

• CANTERBURY
• CANTERBURY, CHARLES

Canterbury till the See also:

• REFORMATION
• REFORMATION, THE

Reformation and it still attaches to the See also:

• SEES

sees of See also:

• SEVILLE
• SEVILLE (Span. Sevilla, Lat. Ispalis or Hispalis, Moorish Ishbiliya)

Seville, See also:

• TOLEDO
• TOLEDO, COUNCILS OF (Concilia toletana)

Toledo, See also:

• ARLES
• ARLES, KINGDOM OF

Arles, See also:

• REIMS
• REIMS (RHEIMS)

Reims, See also:

• LYONS
• LYONS (Fr. Lyon)
• LYONS, COUNCILS OF
• LYONS, EDMUND LYONS, BARON (1790-1858)
• LYONS, RICHARD BICKERTON PEMELL LYONS, 1ST EARL (1817–1887)

Lyons, LEGATE Gran, See also:

• PRAGUE (Ger. Prag; Bohemian Praha)

Prague, See also:

• GNESEN (Polish, Gniezno)

Gnesen-See also:

• POSEN
• POSEN (Polish Poznan)

Posen, See also:

• COLOGNE (Ger. Koln, or officially, since 1900, Coln)

Cologne, See also:

• SALZBURG

Salzburg, among others . The See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission of the legatus delegates (generally a member of the See also:

• LOCAL

local See also:

• CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)
• CLERGY, BENEFIT OF

clergy) is of a limited nature, and relates only to some definite piece of See also:

• WORK

work . The nuncius apostolicus (who has the See also:

• PRIVILEGE

privilege of red See also:

• APPAREL (from O. Fr. aparail, aparailler, mod. appareil, from Low Lat. adpariculare, to make fit. or equal)

apparel, a See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white See also:

• HORSE (a word common to Teutonic languages in such forms as hors, hros, ros; cf. the Ger. ross)

horse and See also:

• GOLDEN

golden spurs) possesses See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary jurisdiction within the province to which he has been sent, but his See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers otherwise are restricted by the terms of his See also:

• MANDATE (Mandatum)

mandate . The legatus a latere (almost invariably a See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

cardinal, though the See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power can be conferred on other prelates) is in the fullest sense the plenipotentiary representative of the pope, and possesses the high See also:

• PREROGATIVE

prerogative implied in the words of Gregory VII., " nostra See also:

• VICE

vice quae corrigenda sunt corrigat, quae statuend constituat." He has the power of suspending all the bishops in his province, and no judicial cases are reserved from his See also:

• JUDGMENT

judgment . Without See also:

• SPECIAL

special mandate, however, he cannot depose bishops or unite or See also:

• SEPARATE

separate bishoprics . At See also:

• PRESENT

present legati a latere are not sent by the See also:

• HOLY

holy see, but diplomatic relations, where they exist, are maintained by means of nuncios, inter-nuncios and other agents . The See also:

• HISTORY

history of the See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office of papal legate is closely involved with that of the papacy itself . If it were proved that papal legates exercised the prerogatives of the primacy in the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• COUNCILS

councils, it would be one of the strongest points for the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic view of the papal history .

Thus it is claimed that See also:

• HOSIUS
• HOSIUS, STANISLAUS (1504–1579)

Hosius of See also:

• CORDOVA (Span. C6rdoba)
• CORDOVA (Span. Cordoba; Lat. Corduba)

Cordova presided over the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of See also:

• NICAEA, COUNCIL OF
• NICAEA, or NICE

Nicaea (325) in the name of the pope . But the claim rests on slender See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence, since the first source in which Hosius is referred to as representative of the pope is See also:

• GELASIUS

Gelasius of See also:

• CYZICUS

Cyzicus in the Propontis, who wrote toward the end of the 5th century . It is even open to dispute whether Hosius was See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president at Nicaea, and though he certainly pre-sided over the council of See also:

• SARDICA, COUNCIL OF

Sardica in 343, it was probably as representative of the emperors See also:

• CONSTANS, JEAN ANTOINE ERNEST (1833– )

Constans and See also:

• CONSTANTIUS, FLAVIUS VALERIUS

Constantius, who had summoned the council . Pope See also:

• JULIUS

Julius I. was represented at Sardica by two presbyters . Yet the fifth canon, which provides for See also:

• APPEAL

appeal by a See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop to See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome, sanctions the use of embassies a latere . If the appellant wishes the pope to send priests from his own See also:

• HOUSEHOLD, ROYAL

household, the pope shall be See also:

• FREE

free to do so, and to furnish them with full authority from himself (" ut de latere suo presbyteros mittat . . . habentes ejus auctoritatem a quo destinati sunt ") . The decrees of Sardica, an obscure council, were later confused with those of Nicaea and thus gained See also:

• WEIGHT

weight . In the See also:

• SYNOD
• SYNOD (Gr. vbvobos)

synod of See also:

• EPHESUS
• EPHESUS, COUNCIL OF

Ephesus in 431, Pope See also:

• CELESTINE (CAELESTINUS)
• CELESTINE, or CELESTITE

Celestine I. instructed his representatives to conduct themselves not as disputants but as See also:

• JUDGES, THE BOOK OF

judges, and See also:

• CYRIL (376-444)
• CYRIL (827-869)
• CYRIL (c. 315–386)

Cyril of See also:

• ALEXANDRIA
• ALEXANDRIA (Arab. Iskenderia)

Alexandria presided not only in his own name but in that of the pope (and of the bishop of See also:

• JERUSALEM (Heb. ^S0-r, Yerushalaim, pronounced as a dual)
• JERUSALEM, SYNOD OF (1672)

Jerusalem) . Instances of delegation of the papal authority in various degrees become numerous in the 5th century, especially during the pontificate of See also:

• LEO
• LEO (THE LION)
• LEO, BROTHER (d. c. 1270)
• LEO, HEINRICH (1799-1878)
• LEO, JOHANNES (c. 1494-1552)
• LEO, LEONARDO (1694–1744)

Leo I . Thus Leo writes in 444 (Ep . 6) to See also:

• ANASTASIUS

Anastasius of Thessalonica, appointing him his See also:

• VICAR (Lat. vicarius, substitute)

vicar for the province of See also:

• ILLYRIA

Illyria; the same arrangement, he informs us, had been made by Pope See also:

• SIRICIUS

Siricius in favour of Anysius, the predecessor of Anastasius .

Similar vicarial or legatine powers had been conferred in 413 by See also:

• ZOSIMUS

Zosimus upon Patroclus, bishop of Arles . In 449 Leo was represented at the " Robber Synod," from which his legates hardly escaped with See also:

• LIFE

life; at See also:

• CHALCEDON
• CHALCEDON, COUNCIL OF

Chalcedon, in 451, they were treated with singular See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour, though the imperial commissioners presided . Again, in 453 the same pope writes to the empress Pulcheria, naming Julianus of See also:

• COS
• COS, or STANKO (Ital. Stanchio, Turk. Islan-keui, by corruption from Etc rav KW)

Cos as his representative in the See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence of the interests of orthodoxy and ecclesiastical discipline at See also:

• CONSTANTINOPLE
• CONSTANTINOPLE, COUNCILS OF

Constantinople (Ep . 112); the instructions to Julianus are given in Ep . 113 (" hanc specialem curam vice mea functus assumas ") . The designation of Anastasius as vicar apostolic over Illyria may be said to See also:

• MARK
• MARK, CARL (1858– )
• MARK, GOSPEL OF ST
• MARK, ST

mark the beginning of the See also:

• CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom of conferring, ex officio, the title of legatus upon the holders of important sees, who ultimately came to be known as legati nati, with the See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of See also:

• PRIMATE (from Low Lat. primas=one who held the first place, primas partes)

primate; the See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment of Julianus at Constantinople gradually See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed into the See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long permanent office of apocrisiarius or responsalis . Another sort of delegation is exemplified in Leo's See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter to the See also:

• AFRICAN

African bishops (Ep . 12), in which he sends Potentius, with instructions to inquire in his name, and to See also:

• REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

report (" vicem curae nostrae fratri et consacerdoti nostro Potentio delegantes qui de episcopis, See also:

• QUORUM (Lat. for " of whom ")

quorum culpabilis ferebatur electio, quid veritas haberet inquireret, nobisque omnia fideliter indicaret ") . Passing onto the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of Gregory the See also:

• GREAT

Great, we fmd him sending two representatives to See also:

• GAUL
• GAUL, GILBERT WILLIAM (1855— )

Gaul in 599, to suppress See also:

• SIMONY

simony, and one to See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain in 603 . See also:

• AUGUSTINE, SAINT (354-430)
• AUGUSTINE, SAINT (d. c.613)

Augustine of Canterbury is sometimes spoken of as legate, but it does not appear that in his See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case this title was used in any strictly technical sense, although the See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

archbishop of Canterbury afterwards attained the permanent dignity of a legatus natus . See also:

• BONIFACE (Bonifacius)
• BONIFACE, SAINT (680-754)

Boniface, the apostle of See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, was in like manner constituted, according to Hine-See also:

• MAR, EARLDOM OF
• MAR, JOHN ERSKINE, 1ST OR 6TH EARL OF (d. 1572)
• MAR, JOHN ERSKINE, 2ND OR 7TH EARL
• MAR, JOHN ERSKINE, 6TH OR 11TH EARL OF (1675-1732)

mar (Ep . 30), a legate of the apostolic see by Popes Gregory II. and Gregory III .

According to See also:

• HEFELE, KARL JOSEF VON (1809-1893)

Hefele (Conc. iv . 239), Rodoald of See also:

• PORTO

Porto and Zecharias of Anagni, who were sent by Pope See also:

• NICOLAS
• NICOLAS, SIR NICHOLAS HARRIS (1799–1848)

Nicolas to Constantinople in 86o, were the first actually called legati a latere . The policy of Gregory VII. naturally led to a great development of the legatine as distinguished from the ordinary episcopal See also:

• FUNCTION

function . From the creation of the See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval papal See also:

• MONARCHY (Fr. monarchic, from Lat. monarchia, Gr. uovapXia, rule of one, µbvos, alone, apXi7, rule)

monarchy until the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages, the papal legate played a most important role in See also:

• NATIONAL

national as well as See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church history . The further See also:

• DEFINITION (Lat. definitio, from de-finire, to set limits to, describe)

definition of his powers proceeded through-out the 12th and 13th centuries . From the 16th century legates a latere give way almost entirely to nuncios (q.v.) . See P . See also:

• HINSCHIUS, PAUL (1835–1898)

Hinschius, Kirchenrecht, i . 498 ff.; G . See also:

• PHILLIPS
• PHILLIPS, ADELAIDE (1833-1882)
• PHILLIPS, EDWARD (163o-1696)
• PHILLIPS, JOHN (1800—1874)
• PHILLIPS, SAMUEL (1814—1854)
• PHILLIPS, STEPHEN (1868– )
• PHILLIPS, THOMAS (1770-1845)
• PHILLIPS, WENDELL (1811-1884)

Phillips, Kirchenrecht, vol. vi . 68o if .