See also:

• JACOB
• JACOB, JOHN (1812-1858)

JACOB See also:

• JACOB LEISLER (c. 1635–1691)

LEISLER (c. 1635–1691)  , See also:

• AMERICAN

American See also:

• POLITICAL

political agitator, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born probably at See also:

• FRANKFORT

Frankfort-on-See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

Main, See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, about 1635 . He went to New Netherland (New See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York) in 166o, married a wealthy widow, engaged in See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade, and soon accumulated a See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune . The See also:

• ENGLISH

English Revolution of 1688 divided the See also:

• PEOPLE

people of New York into two well-defined factions . In See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general the small See also:

• SHOP

shop-keepers, small farmers, sailors, poor traders and artisans were arrayed against the patroons, See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich See also:

• FUR (connected with O. Fr. forre, a sheath or case; so " an outer covering ")

fur-traders, merchants, lawyers and See also:

• CROWN

crown See also:

• OFFICERS

officers . The former were led by See also:

• LEISLER, JACOB (c. 1635–1691)

Leisler, the latter by See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter See also:

• SCHUYLER, PHILIP JOHN (1733–1804)

Schuyler (1657–1724), See also:

• NICHOLAS
• NICHOLAS (1841– )
• NICHOLAS (or NICLAES), HENRY (or HENDRIK) (c. 1501-C. 158o)
• NICHOLAS, SIR EDWARD (1593-1669)
• NICHOLAS, ST

Nicholas See also:

• BAYARD, PIERRE TERRAIL, SEIGNEUR DE (1473–1524)
• BAYARD, THOMAS FRANCIS (1828-1898)

Bayard (c . 1644–1707), See also:

• STEPHEN
• STEPHEN (1097?-1154)
• STEPHEN (ISTVAN) BATHORY (1533-1586)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES (1789-1859)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES FITZJAMES, BART
• STEPHEN, SIR LESLIE (1832-1904)

Stephen See also:

• VAN

van Cortlandt (1643–1700),See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• NICOLLS, RICHARD (1624–1672)

Nicolls (1657–1723) and other representatives of the aristocratic See also:

• HUDSON
• HUDSON, GEORGE (180o-1871)
• HUDSON, HENRY
• HUDSON, JOHN (1662–1719)

Hudson Valley families . The " Leislerians " pretended greater See also:

• LOYALTY

loyalty to the See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession . When See also:

• NEWS

news of the imprisonment of Gov . See also:

• ANDROS, or ANDRO
• ANDROS, SIR EDMUND (1637-1714)

Andros in See also:

• MASSACHUSETTS (an Indian name, originally applied to a tribe of Indians)

Massachusetts was received, they took See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession on the 31st of May 1689 of Fort See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James (at the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern end of Manhattan See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

Island), renamed it Fort William and announced their determination to hold it until the arrival of a See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor commissioned by the new sovereigns . The aristocrats also favoured the Revolution, but preferred to continue the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government under authority from James II. rather than See also:

• RISK

risk the danger of an See also:

• INTERREGNUM (Lat. inter, between, and regnum, reign)

interregnum . See also:

• LIEUTENANT

Lieutenant-Governor See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis See also:

• NICHOLSON, HENRY ALLEYNE (1844-1899)
• NICHOLSON, JOHN (1822-18J7)
• NICHOLSON, WILLIAM (1753-1815)
• NICHOLSON, WILLIAM (1784-1844)

Nicholson sailed for See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England on the 24th of See also:

• JUNE

June, a See also:

• COMMITTEE (from commute, an Anglo-Fr. past participle of commettre, Lat. committere, to entrust; the modern Fr. equivalent comite is derived from the Eng.)

committee of safety was organized by the popular party, and Leisler was appointed See also:

• COMMANDER

commander-in-See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief . Under authority of a See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter from the See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home government addressed to Nicholson, " or in his See also:

• ABSENCE (Lat. absentia)

absence, to such as for the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time being takes care for preserving the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace and administering the See also:

• LAWS

laws in His See also:

• MAJESTY (Fr. majeste; Lat. majestas, grandeur, greatness, from the base mag-, as in magnus, great, major, greater, &c.)

Majesty's See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of New York," he assumed the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of lieutenant-governor in See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1689, appointed a See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council and took See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of the government of the entire province .

He summoned the first Intercolonial See also:

• CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

Congress in See also:

• AMERICA

America, which met in New York on the 1st of May 1690 to See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan concerted See also:

• ACTION

action against the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French and See also:

• INDIANS, NORTH AMERICAN

Indians . See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

Colonel See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry Sloughter was commissioned governor of the province on the 2nd of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 168g but did not reach New York until the 19th of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1691 . In the meantime See also:

• MAJOR
• MAJOR (Lat. for " greater ")
• MAJOR (or MAIR), JOHN (1470-1550)

Major See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard Ingoldsby and two companies of soldiers had landed (See also:

• JANUARY

January 28, 1691) and demanded possession of the fort . Leisler refused to surrender it, and after some controversy an attack was made on the 17th of March in which two soldiers were killed and several wounded . When Sloughter arrived two days later Leisler hastened to give over to him the fort and other evidences of authority . He and his son-in-See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law, See also:

• JACOB
• JACOB, JOHN (1812-1858)

Jacob Milborne, were charged with See also:

• TREASON (Fr. trahison, Lat. traditio)

treason for refusing to submit to Ingoldsby, were convicted, and on the 16th of May 1691 were executed . There has been much controversy among historians with regard both to the facts and to the significance of Leisler's brief career as ruler in New York . See J . R . See also:

• BRODHEAD, JOHN ROMEYN (1814–1873)

Brodhead, See also:

• HISTORY

History of the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

State of New York (vol . 2, New York, 1871) . For the documents connected with the controversy see E .

B . O'Callaghan, Documentary History of the State of New York (vol . 2, See also:

• ALBANY
• ALBANY, DUKES OF
• ALBANY, LOUISE MAXIMILIENNE CAROLINE, COUNTESS OF (1752-1824)

Albany, 1850) .