See also:

• PIERRE

PIERRE See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

CHARLES See also:

• LEMONNIER, ANTOINE LOUIS CAMILLE (1844– )
• PIERRE CHARLES LEMONNIER (1715—1799)

LEMONNIER (1715—1799)  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French astronomer, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 23rd of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1715 in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, where his See also:

• FATHER

father was See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy at the See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college d'See also:

• HARCOURT
• HARCOURT, SIMON HARCOURT, 1ST VISCOUNT (c. 1661-1727)
• HARCOURT, SIR WILLIAM GEORGE GRANVILLE VENABLES VERNON (1827-1904)
• HARCOURT, WILLIAM VERNON (1789-1871)

Harcourt . His first recorded observation was made before he was sixteen, and the presentation of an elaborate lunar See also:

• MAP
• MAP (or MAPES), WALTER (d. c. 1208/9)

map procured for him See also:

• ADMISSION

admission to the See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy, on the 21st of See also:

• APRIL

April 1736, at the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of twenty . He was chosen in the same See also:

• YEAR

year to accompany P . L . See also:

• MAUPERTUIS, PIERRE LOUIS MOREAU DE (1698–1759)

Maupertuis and See also:

• ALEXIS
• ALEXIS, WILLIBALD

Alexis See also:

• CLAIRAULT (or CLAIRAUT), ALEXIS CLAUDE (1713-1765)

Clairault on their geodetical expedition to See also:

• LAPLAND, or LAPPLAND

Lapland . In 1738, shortly after his return, he explained, in a memoir read before the Academy. the advantages of J . See also:

• FLAMSTEED, JOHN (1646-1719)

Flamsteed's mode of determining right ascensions . His persistent recommendation, in fact, of See also:

• ENGLISH

English methods and See also:

• INSTRUMENTS

instruments contributed effectively to the reform of French See also:

• PRACTICAL

practical See also:

• ASTRONOMY (from Gr. &arpov, a star, and v ,usiv, to classify or arrange)

astronomy, and constituted the most eminent of his services to See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science . He corresponded with J . See also:

• BRADLEY, GEORGE GRANVILLE (1821–1903)
• BRADLEY, JAMES (1693–1762)

Bradley, was the first to represent the effects of See also:

• NUTATION (from Lat. nutare, to nod)

nutation the See also:

• SOLAR, SOLLER (Lat. solarium, Fr.• galetas, Ital. solaio)

solar tables, and introduced, in 1741, the use of the transit-See also:

• INSTRUMENT (Lat. instrumentum, from insincere, to build up, furnish, arrange, prepare)

instrument at the Paris See also:

• OBSERVATORY

observatory . He visited See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England in 1748, and, in See also:

• COMPANY

company with the See also:

• EARL

earl of See also:

• MORTON, JAMES DOUGLAS, 4TH EARL OF (c. 1525-1581)
• MORTON, JOHN (c. 1420-1500)
• MORTON, JOHN MADDISON (1811-1891)
• MORTON, LEVI PARSONS (1824- )
• MORTON, OLIVER PERRY (1823-1877)
• MORTON, THOMAS (1564-1659)
• MORTON, THOMAS (c. 1590-1646)

Morton and See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

Short: the optician, continued his See also:

• JOURNEY (through O. Fr. jornee or journee, mod. Fr. journee, from med. Lat. diurnata, Lat. diurnus, of or belonging to dies, day)

journey to See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland, where he observed the See also:

• ANNULAR, ANNULATE

annular See also:

• ECLIPSE (Gr. €uheo,tis, falling out of place, failing)

eclipse of See also:

• JULY

July 25 . The liberality of See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis XV., in whose favour he stood high, furnished him with the means of procuring the best instruments, many of them by English makers .

Amongst the fruits of his See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry may be mentioned a laborious investigation of the disturbances of See also:

• JUPITER

Jupiter by See also:

• SATURN
• SATURN [SATURNUS]

Saturn, the results of which were employed and confirmed by L . See also:

• EULER, LEONHARD (1707-1783)

Euler in his See also:

• PRIZE, or PRIZE OF WAR (Fr. prise, from prendre, to take)

prize See also:

• ESSAY, ESSAYIST (Fr. essai, Late Lat. exagium, a weighing or balance; exigere, to examine; the term in general meaning any trial or effort)

essay of 1748; a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of lunar observations extending over fifty years; some interesting researches in terrestrial See also:

• MAGNETISM
• MAGNETISM, TERRESTRIAL

magnetism and atmospheric See also:

• ELECTRICITY

electricity, in the latter of which he detected a See also:

• REGULAR

regular diurnal See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period; and the determination of the places of a See also:

• GREAT

great number of stars, including twelve See also:

• SEPARATE

separate observations of See also:

• URANUS
• URANUS (Heaven)

Uranus, between 1765 and its See also:

• DISCOVERY

discovery as a See also:

• PLANET (Gr. ssXavirrns, a wanderer)

planet . In his lectures at the college de See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France he first publicly expounded the See also:

• ANALYTICAL

analytical theory of See also:

• GRAVITATION (from Lat. gravis, heavy)

gravitation, and his timely patronage secured the services of J . J . See also:

• LALANDE, JOSEPH JEROME LEFRANCAIS DE (1732-1807)

Lalande for astronomy . His See also:

• TEMPER (from Lat. temperare, to mingle or compound in due proportion, to qualify, rule, regulate, to be moderate, formed from tempos, time, fit or due season)

temper was irritable, and his hasty utterances exposed him to retorts which he did not readily forgive . Against Lala nde, owing to some trifling pique, he closed his doors " during an entire revolution of the See also:

• MOON (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maan, Dan. maane, &c., and cognate with such Indo-Germanic forms as Gr. µlip, Sans. ma's, Irish mi, &c.; Lat. uses luna, i.e. lucna, the shining one, lucere, to shine, for the moon, but preserves the word i
• MOON, SIR RICHARD, 1ST BARONET (1814-1899)

moon's nodes." His career was arrested by See also:

• PARALYSIS, or PALSY (from Gr. aapal,6a , to relax; Wycliffe has palesy, and another old form of the word is parlesy)

paralysis See also:

• LATE

late in 1791, and a repetition of the stroke terminated his See also:

• LIFE

life . He died at Heril near See also:

• BAYEUX

Bayeux on the 31st of May 1799 . By his See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage with Mademoiselle de Cussy he See also:

• LEFT

left three daughters, one of whom became the wife of J . L . See also:

• LAGRANGE, JOSEPH LOUIS (1736-1813)

Lagrange . He was admitted in 1739 to the Royal Society, and was one of the one See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred and See also:

• FORTY

forty-four See also:

• ORIGINAL

original members of the See also:

• INSTITUTE (from Lat. instituere, to establish or set up)

Institute .

He wrote Histoire See also:

• CELESTE, MADAME (1815–1882)

celeste (1741) ; Theorie See also:

• DES

des cometes (1743), a See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation, with additions of See also:

• HALLEY, EDMUND (1656–1742)

Halley's Synopsis; Institutions astronomiques (1746), an improved translation of J . Keill's See also:

• TEXT (Lat. textum, woven fabric, from texere, to weave)

text-See also:

• BOOK

book; Nouveau zodiaque (1755); Observations de la tune, du soleil, et des etoiles fixes (1751—1775) ; Lois du magnetisme (1776—1778), &c, See J . J . Lalande, Bibl. astr., p . 819 (also in the See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

Journal des savants for 18o1); F . X. von See also:

• ZACH, FRANZ XAVER, BARON VON (1754-1832)

Zach, Allgemeine geog . Ephemeriden iii . 625; J . S . See also:

• BAILLY, JEAN SYLVAIN (1736-1793)

Bailly, Hist. de l'astr. moderne, iii.; J . B . J .

Dclambre . Hirt. de l'astr. au XVIII'. siecle, p . 179; J . Marilee, eschichte der Himmelskunde, ii . 6; R . See also:

• WOLF
• WOLF (Canis lupus)
• WOLF, FRIEDRICH AUGUST (1759-1824)
• WOLF, HUGO (1860-1903)
• WOLF, JOSEPH (1820-1899)

Wolf, Geschichte der Astronomic, p . 480 .