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WILLIAM LENTHALL (1591-1662)

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Originally appearing in Volume V16, Page 430 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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WILLIAM See also:LENTHALL (1591-1662)  , See also:English parliamentarian, See also:speaker of the See also:House of See also:Commons, second son of See also:William See also:Lenthall, of Lachford, See also:Oxfordshire, a descendent of an old See also:Herefordshire See also:family, was See also:born at See also:Henley-on-See also:Thames in See also:June 1591 . He See also:left See also:Oxford without taking a degree in 1609, and, was called to the See also:bar at See also:Lincoln's See also:Inn in 1616, becoming a bencher in 1633 . He represented See also:Woodstock in the See also:Short See also:Parliament (See also:April 1640), and was chosen by See also:King See also:Charles I. to be speaker of the See also:Long Parliament, which met on the 3rd of See also:November 1640 . According to See also:Clarendon, a worse choice could not have been made, for Lenthall was of a " very timorous nature." He was treated with scanty respect in the See also:chair, and seems to have had little See also:control over the proceedings . On the 4th of See also:January 1642, however, when the king entered the House of Commons to seize the five members, Lenthall behaved with See also:great prudence and dignity . Having taken the speaker's chair and looked See also:round in vain to discover the offending members, Charles turned to Lenthall See also:standing below, and demanded of him " whether any of those persons were in the House, whether he. saw any of them and where they were." Lenthall See also:fell on his knees and replied: May it please your See also:Majesty, I have neither eyes to see nor See also:tongue to speak in this See also:place but as the House is pleased to See also:direct me, whose servant I am here." On the outbreak of the great See also:rebellion, Lenthall threw in his See also:lot with the parliament . He had already called See also:attention to the inadequacy of his See also:salary and been granted a sum of £6000 (9th of April 1642); and he was now appointed See also:master of the rolls (22nd of November 1643), and one of the commissioners of the great See also:seal (Oct . 1646-See also:March 1648) . He carried on his duties as speaker without interruption till 1647, when the See also:power of the parliament had been transferred to the See also:army . On the 26th of See also:July a See also:mob invaded the House of Commons and obliged it to rescind the See also:ordinance re-establishing the old See also:parliamentary See also:committee of See also:militia; Lenthall was held in the chair by See also:main force and compelled to put to the See also:vote a See also:resolution inviting the king to See also:London . Threats of worse things came subsequently to Lenthall's ears, and, taking the See also:mace with him, he left London on the 29th to join the army and See also:Fairfax . Lenthall and See also:Manchester, the speaker of the Lords, headed the fugitive members at the See also:review on See also:Hounslow See also:Heath on the 3rd of See also:August, being received by the soldiers " as so many angels sent from See also:heaven for their See also:good." Returning to London with the army, he was installed again by Fairfax in the chair (6th August), and all votes passed during his See also:absence were annulled .

He adhered henceforth to the army party, but with a See also:

constant See also:bias in favour of the king . At the Restoration he claimed to have sent See also:money to the king at Oxford, to have provided the See also:queen with comforts and necessaries and to have taken care of the royal See also:children . But he put the question for the king's trial from the chair, and continued to See also:act as speaker after the king's See also:execution . He still continued to use his See also:influence in favour of the royalists, whenever this was possible without imperilling his own interests, and he saved the lives of both the See also:earl of See also:Norwich (8th March 1649) and See also:Sir W . D'Avenant (3rd July 165o) by his casting vote . The, removal of the king had left the parliament supreme; and Lenthall as its representative, though holding little real power, was the first See also:man in the See also:state . His speakership continued till the loth of April 1653, when the Long Parliament was summarily expelled . See also:Cromwell directed See also:Colonel See also:Harrison, on the refusal of Lenthall to quit the chair, to pull him out—and Lenthall submitted to the show of force . He took no See also:part in politics till the assembling of the first See also:protectorate parliament, on the 3rd of See also:September 1654, in which he sat as member for Oxfordshire . He was again chosen speaker, his former experience and his pliability of See also:character being his See also:chief recommendations . In the second protectorate parliament, summoned by Cromwell on the 17th of September 1656, Lenthall was again chosen member for Oxfordshire, but had some difficultyin obtaining See also:admission; and was not re-elected speaker . He supported Cromwell's See also:administration, and was active in urging the See also:protector to take the See also:title of king .

In spite of his services, Lenthall was not included by Cromwell in his new House of Lords, and was much disappointed and crestfallen at his omission . The protector, See also:

hearing of his " grievous complaint," sent him a See also:writ, and Lenthall was elated at believing he had secured a See also:peerage . After Cromwell's See also:death, the See also:officers, having determined to recall the Rump " Parliament, assembled at Lenthall's house at the Rolls (6th May 1659), to See also:desire him to send out the writs . Lenthall, however, had no wish to resume his duties as speaker, preferring the House of Lords, and made various excuses for not complying . Nevertheless, upon the officers threatening to. summon the parliament without his aid, and hearing the next See also:morning that several members had assembled, he led the procession to the parliament house . Lenthall was now restored to the position of dignity which he had filled before . He was temporarily made keeper of the new great seal (14th of May) . On the 6th of June it was voted that all commissions should be signed by Lenthall and not by the See also:commander-in-chief . His exalted position, however, was not left long unassailed . On the 13th of See also:October See also:Lambert placed soldiers round the House and prevented the members from assembling . Lenthall's See also:coach was stopped as he was entering See also:Palace Yard, the mace was seized and he was obliged to return . The army, however, soon returned to their See also:allegiance to the parliament .

Phoenix-squares

On the 24th of See also:

December they marched to Lenthall's house, and expressed their sorrow . On the 29th the speaker received the thanks of the reassembled parliament . Lenthall now turned his attention to bring about the Restoration . He " very violently " opposed the See also:oath abjuring the house of See also:Stuart, now sought to be imposed by the republican See also:faction on the parliament, and absented himself from the House for ten days, to avoid, it was said, any responsibility for the See also:bill . He had been in communication with See also:Monk for some See also:time, and on Monk entering London with his army (3rd See also:February 166o) Lenthall met him in front of See also:Somerset House . On the 6th of February Monk visited the House of Commons, when Lenthall pronounced a speech of thanks . On the 28th of March Lenthall forwarded to the king a See also:paper containing " Heads of See also:Advice." According to Monk, he was very active for the restoring of His Majesty and performed many services . . . which could not have been soe well effected without his helpe." Lenthall notwithstanding found himself in disgrace at the Restoration . In spite of Monk's recommendation, he was not elected by Oxford University for the See also:Convention Parliament, nor was he allowed by the king, though he had sent him a See also:present of £3000, to remain master of the rolls . On the 11th of June he was included by the House of Commons, in spite of a recommendatory See also:letter from Monk, among the twenty persons excepted from the act of See also:indemnity and subject to penalties not extending to See also:life . In the House of Lords, however, Monk's testimony and intercession were effectual, and Lenthall was only declared incapable of holding for the future any public See also:office . His last public act was a disgraceful one .

Unmindful now of the privileges of parliament,. he consented to appear as a See also:

witness against the See also:regicide See also:Thomas See also:Scot, for words spoken in the House of Commons while Lenthall was in the chair . It was probably after this that he was allowed to present himself at See also:court, and his contemporaries took a malicious See also:glee in telling how " when, with some difficulty, he obtained leave to See also:kiss the king's See also:hand he, out of See also:guilt, fell backward, as he was kneeling." Lenthall died on the 3rd of September 1662 . In his will he desired to be buried without any state and without a See also:monument, " but at the utmost a See also:plain See also:stone with this superscription only, Vermis sum, acknowledging myself to be unworthy of the least outward regard in this See also:world and unworthy of any remembrance that See also:bath been so great a sinner." He was held in little See also:honour by his contemporaries, and was universally regarded as a time= server . He was, however, a man of good intentions, strong family affections and considerable ability . Unfortunately he was called by the See also:irony of See also:fate to fill a great office, in which . governed constantly by fears for his See also:person and See also:estate, he was seduced into a See also:series of unworthy actions . He left one son, Sir See also:John Lenthall, who had descendants . His See also:brother, Sir John Lenthall, who, it was said, had too much influence with him, was notorious for his extortions as keeper of the King's See also:Bench See also:prison . See C . H . See also:Firth in the See also:Diet . Nat .

Biog.; See also:

Wood (ed . See also:Bliss), See also:Ath . Oxon. iii . 603, who gives a See also:list of his printed speeches and letters; See also:Foss, Lives of the See also:Judges, vi . 447; and J . A . See also:Manning, Lives of the Speakers of the House of Commons . There are numerous references to Lenthall in his See also:official capacity, and letters written by and to him, in the See also:Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, and in various See also:MSS. calendared in the Hist . MSS . See also:Commission Series . See also D'Ewes's See also:Diary, in the Harleian Collection, See also:British Museum, some extracts from which have been given by J . See also:Forster, See also:Case of the Five Members, 233 sq.; and Notes and Queries, See also:ser. iii., vii .

45 (" Lenthall's Lamentation "), viii., i . 165, 338, 2, ix., xi . 57 .

End of Article: WILLIAM LENTHALL (1591-1662)
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