See also:

• LEOPOLD (M.H. Ger. Liupolt; O.H. Ger. Liupald, from hut, Mod. Ger. Leute, " people," and paid, " bold," i.e. " bold for the people ")

LEOPOLD H  . [See also:

• LEOPOLD (M.H. Ger. Liupolt; O.H. Ger. Liupald, from hut, Mod. Ger. Leute, " people," and paid, " bold," i.e. " bold for the people ")

LEOPOLD See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

LOUIS PHILIPPE See also:

• MARIE

MARIE See also:

• VICTOR
• VICTOR, GAIUS JULIUS (4th cent. A.D.)
• VICTOR, SEXTUS AURELIUS

VICTOR] (1835-1909), See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of the Belgians, son.of the preceding, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• BRUSSELS (Fr. Bruxelles, Flem. Brussel)

Brussels on the 9th of See also:

• APRIL

April 1835 . In 1846 he was created See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• BRABANT
• BRABANT, NORTH

Brabant and appointed a sub-See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant in the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army, in which he served until his See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession, by which See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time he had reached the See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank ' of lieutenant-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general . On attaining his See also:

• MAJORITY (Fr. majorite; Med. Lat. majoritas; Lat. major, greater)

majority he was made a member of the See also:

• SENATE (Lat. senatus, from root sen-, as in senex, old; the root is the Sanskrit sana, cf. Gr. 'vos; the same element appears in senor, seigneur, seneschal)

senate, in whose proceedings he took a lively See also:

• INTEREST

interest, especially in matters concerning the development of See also:

• BELGIUM
• BELGIUM (Fr. Belgique; Flem. Belgic)

Belgium and its See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade . On the 22nd of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1853 Leopold married Marie Henriette (1836-'1902), daughter of the See also:

• ARCHDUKE (Lat. archidux, Ger. Erzherzog)

archduke See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

Joseph of See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria, See also:

• PALATINE (from Lat. palatium, a palace,)

palatine of See also:

• HUNGARY
• HUNGARY (Hungarian Magyarorszdg)

Hungary, by his wife Marie Dorothea, duchess of See also:

• WURTTEMBERG

Wurttemberg . This princess, who was a See also:

• GREAT

great-granddaughter of the empress Maria See also:

• THERESA, ST (1515-1582)

Theresa, and a great-niece of Marie Antoinette, endeared herself to the See also:

• PEOPLE

people by her elevated See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character and indefatigable. benevolence, while her beauty gained for her the See also:

• SOBRIQUET

sobriquet of " The See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

Rose of Brabant "; she was also an accomplished artist and musician, and a See also:

• FINE

fine horsewoman . Between the years 18J4 and 1865 Leopold travelled much abroad, visiting See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India and See also:

• CHINA

China as well as See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt and the countries on the Mediterranean See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast of See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa . On the loth of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1865 he succeeded his See also:

• FATHER

father . On the 28th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1869 he lost his only son, Leopold (b . 1859), duke of See also:

• HAINAUT (Flem. Henegouwen, Ger. Hennegau)

Hainaut . The king's See also:

• BROTHER

brother See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip, See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count of See also:

• FLANDERS (Flem. Vlaanderen)

Flanders (1837-1905), then became See also:

• HEIR (Lat. heres, from a root meaning to grasp, seen in heres or erus, master of a house, Gr. xeip, hand, Sans. hat ana, hand)

heir to the See also:

• THRONE

throne; and on his See also:

• DEATH

death his son See also:

• ALBERT
• ALBERT (1490'1545)
• ALBERT (149o-1568)
• ALBERT (1522–1557)
• ALBERT (FRANCIS CHARLES AUGUSTUS ALBERT EMMANUEL) (1819—1861)
• ALBERT (FRIEDRICH RUDOLF ALBRECHT)
• ALBERT, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS
• ALBERT, MADAME (c. 2805—2846)

Albert (b . 1875) became heir-presumptive .

During the Franco-Prussian See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War (187o-1871) the king of the Belgians preserved See also:

• NEUTRALITY

neutrality in a See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period of unusual difficulty and danger . But the most notable event in Leopold's career was the See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation of the See also:

• CONGO

Congo See also:

• FREE

Free See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

State (q.v.) . While still duke of Brabant he had been the first to See also:

• CALL (from Anglo-Saxon ceallian, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch kallen, to talk or chatter)

call the See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention of the Belgians to the need of enlarging their See also:

• HORIZON (Gr. 6pfTwv, dividing)

horizon beyond See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea, and after his accession to the throne he gave the first impulse towards the development of this See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea by See also:

• FOUNDING (from Lat. fundere, to pour)

founding in 1876 the Association Internationale Africaine . He enlisted the services of H . M . See also:

• STANLEY (FAMILY)
• STANLEY, ARTHUR PENRHYN (18x5–1881)
• STANLEY, EDWARD (1779-1849)
• STANLEY, SIR HENRY MORTON (184o-1904)
• STANLEY, SIR WILLIAM (1548-163o)
• STANLEY, THOMAS (1625-1678)

Stanley, who visited Brussels in 1878 after exploring the Congo See also:

• RIVER

river, and returned in 1879 to the Congo as See also:

• AGENT (from Lat. agere, to act)

agent of the Cosnite d'Etudes du Haut Congo, soon afterwards reorganized as the " See also:

• INTERNATIONAL, THE

International Association of the Congo." This association was, in 1884-1885, recognized by the See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers as a See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign state under the name of the Etal Independant du Congo . Leopold's exploitation of this vast territory, which he administered autocratically, and in which he associated himself personally with various See also:

• FINANCIAL

financial schemes, was understood to bring him an enormous See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune; it was the subject of acutely hostile See also:

• CRITICISM
• CRITICISM (from the Gr. KpiTrlS, a judge, Kpivew, to decide, to give an authoritative opinion)

criticism, to a large extent substantiated by the See also:

• REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

report of a See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission of inquiry instituted by the king himself in 1904, and followed in 1908 by the annexa- 46 ' tion of the state to Belgium (see CoNGo FREE STATE: See also:

• HISTORY

History) . In 188o Leopold sought an interview with General C . G . See also:

• GORDON
• GORDON, ADAM LINDSAY (1833—1870)
• GORDON, ALEXANDER (c. 1692—c. 1754)
• GORDON, CHARLES GEORGE (1833-'885)
• GORDON, LEON
• GORDON, LORD GEORGE (1751-1793)
• GORDON, PATRICK (1635–1699)
• GORDON, SIR JOHN WATSON (1788—1864)

Gordon and obtained his promise, subject to the approval of the See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government, to enter the Belgian service on the Congo . Three years later Leopold claimed fulfilment of the promise, and Gordon was about to proceed to the Congo when the British government required his services for the See also:

• SUDAN (Arabic Bilad-es-Sudan, country of the blacks)

Sudan . On the 15th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1902 King Leopold's See also:

• LIFE

life was attempted in Brussels by an See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian anarchist named Rubino .

See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen Marie Henriette died at See also:

• SPA

Spa on the 19th of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September of the same See also:

• YEAR

year . Besides the son already mentioned she had See also:

• BORNE, KARL LUDWIG (1786–1837)

borne to Leopold three daughters—See also:

• LOUISE [AUGUSTE WILHELMINE AMALIE LUISE] (1776-1810)

Louise Marie Amelie (b . 1858), who in 1875 married Philip of See also:

• SAXE, JOHN GODFREY (1816-1887)
• SAXE, MAURICE, COMTE DE (1696-1750)

Saxe-See also:

• COBURG

Coburg and See also:

• GOTHA

Gotha, and was divorced in 1906; Stephanie (b . 1864), who married See also:

• RUDOLPH
• RUDOLPH (d. 1o8o)
• RUDOLPH, or RAOUL

Rudolph, See also:

• CROWN

crown See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince of Austria, in 1881, and after his death in 1889 married, against her father's wishes, Elemer, Count Lonyay, in 1900; and Clementine (b . 1872) . At the time of the queen's death an unseemly incident was occasioned by Leopold's refusal to see his daughter Stephanie, who in consequence was not See also:

• PRESENT

present at her See also:

• MOTHER

mother's funeral . The disagreeable impression on the public mind thus created was deepened by an unfortunate litigation, lasting for two years (1904-1906), over the deceased queen's will, in which the creditors of the princess Louise, together with princess Stephanie (Cc-Intess Lonyay), claimed that under the Belgian See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law the queen's See also:

• ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

estate was entitled to See also:

• HALF

half of her See also:

• HUSBAND

husband's See also:

• PROPERTY

property . This claim was disallowed by the Belgian courts . The king died at Laeken, near Brussels, on the 17th of December 1909 . On the 23rd of that See also:

• MONTH
• MONTH (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maand, Dan. maaned, &c., and cognate with Lat. mensis, Gr. µi7v, &c., in other branches of the Indo-Germanic family; all ultimately from the root seen in the word for the moon in nearly all those languages

month his See also:

• NEPHEW

nephew took the See also:

• OATH (0. Eng. ddh)

oath to observe the constitution, assuming the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of Albert I . King Leopold was personally a See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man of considerable attainments and much strength of character, but he was a notoriously dissolute monarch, who even to the last offended decent See also:

• OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

opinion by his indulgences at See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris and on the See also:

• RIVIERA

Riviera . The See also:

• WEALTH

wealth he amassed from the Congo he spent, no doubt, royally not only in this way but also on public improvements in Belgium; but he had a hard See also:

• HEART
• HEART, LUNG

heart towards the natives of his distant See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession .