JOHANNES See also:

• LEO
• LEO (THE LION)
• LEO, BROTHER (d. c. 1270)
• LEO, HEINRICH (1799-1878)
• JOHANNES LEO (c. 1494-1552)
• LEO, LEONARDO (1694–1744)

LEO (c. 1494-1552)  , in See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian GIOVANNI See also:

• LEO
• LEO (THE LION)
• LEO, BROTHER (d. c. 1270)
• LEO, HEINRICH (1799-1878)
• LEO, JOHANNES (c. 1494-1552)
• LEO, LEONARDO (1694–1744)

LEO or LEONE, usually called LEO See also:

• AFRICANUS, SEXTUS JULIUS

AFRICANUS, sometimes ELIBERITANUS (i.e. of See also:

• GRANADA
• GRANADA, LUIS DE (1504-1588)

Granada), and properly known among the See also:

• MOORS (Lat. Mauri; Gr. Mavpot, dark men)
• MOORS, KABYLES, MZABITES

Moors as Al See also:

• HASSAN

Hassan See also:

• IBN

Ibn Mahommed Al Wezaz Al Fasi, was the author of a Descrizione dell' Affrica, or Africae descriptio, which See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long ranked as the best authority on See also:

• MAHOMMEDAN

Mahommedan See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa . See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

Born probably at Granada of a See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble Moorish stock (his See also:

• FATHER

father was a landowner; an See also:

• UNCLE

uncle of his appears as an See also:

• ENVOY (Fr. envoye, " sent ")

envoy from See also:

• FEZ (Fes)

Fez to See also:

• TIMBUKTU (French spelling Tombouctou)

Timbuktu), he received a See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• PART

part of his See also:

• EDUCATION

education at Fez, and while still very See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young began to travel widely in the See also:

• BARBARY

Barbary States . In 1512 we trace him at See also:

• MOROCCO

Morocco, See also:

• TUNIS

Tunis, Bugia and See also:

• CONSTANTINE

Constantine; in 1513 we find him returning from Tunis to Morocco; and before the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of the latter See also:

• YEAR

year he seems to have started on his famous See also:

• SUDAN (Arabic Bilad-es-Sudan, country of the blacks)

Sudan and See also:

• SAHARA

Sahara journeys (1513-1515) which brought him to Timbuktu, to many other regions of the Great See also:

• DESERT

Desert and the See also:

• NIGER
• NIGER, GAIUS PESCENNIUS

Niger See also:

• BASIN, or BASON (the older form bacin is found in many of the Romanic languages, from the Late Lat. baccinus or bacchinus, probably derived from bacca, a bowl)
• BASIN, THOMAS (1412—1491)

basin (See also:

• GUINEA

Guinea, Melli, Gago, Walata, Aghadez, See also:

• WANGARA

Wangara, See also:

• KATSENA

Katsena, &c.), and apparently to See also:

• BORNU

Bornu and See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

Lake See also:

• CHAD
• CHAD [CEADDA], SAINT (d. 672)

Chad . In 1516–1517 he travelled to See also:

• CONSTANTINOPLE
• CONSTANTINOPLE, COUNCILS OF

Constantinople, probably visiting See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt on the way; it is more uncertain when he visited the three Arabias (Deserla, See also:

• FELIX
• FELIX, ANTONIUS
• FELIX, LIA (1830– )

Felix and Pelraea), See also:

• ARMENIA (old Persian Armina, Armenian Hayasdan, or Hayq)

Armenia and "Tartary" (the last See also:

• TERM

term is perhaps satisfied by his stay at See also:

• TABRIZ

Tabriz) . His three See also:

• EGYPTIAN

Egyptian journeys, immediately after the See also:

• TURKISH

Turkish See also:

• CONQUEST

conquest, all probably See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell between 1517 and 152o; on one of these he ascended the See also:

• NILE
• NILE, BATTLE OF THE
• NILE, SOBAT

Nile from See also:

• CAIRO
• CAIRO (Arabic Misr-al-Kahira, or simply Misr)

Cairo to See also:

• ASSUAN

Assuan . As he was returning from Egypt about 1520 he was captured by pirates near the See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island of Gerba, and was ultimately presented as a slave to Leo X . The See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope discovered his merit, assigned him a See also:

• PENSION (Lat. pensio, a payment, from pendere, to weigh, to pay)

pension, and having persuaded him to profess the See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian faith, stood See also:

• SPONSOR (from Lat. spondere, to promise)

sponsor at his See also:

• BAPTISM

baptism, and bestowed on him (as See also:

• RAMUSIO

Ramusio says) his own names, Johannes and Leo . The new convert, having made himself acquainted with Latin and Italian, taught Arabic (among his pupils was See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

Cardinal Egidio Antonini, See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of See also:

• VITERBO

Viterbo); he also wrote books in both the Christian See also:

• TONGUES, GIFT OF, or GLOSSOLALIA (yXwova, tongue, aXeiv, speak)

tongues he had acquired . His Description of Africa was first, apparently, written in Arabic, but the See also:

• PRIMARY

primary See also:

• TEXT (Lat. textum, woven fabric, from texere, to weave)

text now remaining is that of the Italian version, issued by the author at See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome, on the loth of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1526, three years after Pope Leo's See also:

• DEATH

death, though originally undertaken at the latter's See also:

• SUGGESTION

suggestion . The See also:

• MOOR

Moor seems to have lived on Rome for some See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time longer, but he returned to Africa some time before his death at Tunis in 1552; according to some, he renounced his See also:

• CHRISTIANITY

Christianity and returned to See also:

• ISLAM

Islam; but the later part of his career is obscure . The Descrizione dell' Affrica in its See also:

• ORIGINAL

original Arabic MS. is said to have existed for some time in the library of Vincenzo Pinelli (i535—16o1) ; the Italian text, though issued in 1526, was first printed by Giovanni Battista Ramusio in his Navigationi et Viaggi (vol. i.) of 155o . This was reprinted in 1554, 1563, 1588, &c .

In 1556 See also:

• JEAN

Jean Temporal executed at See also:

• LYONS
• LYONS (Fr. Lyon)
• LYONS, COUNCILS OF
• LYONS, EDMUND LYONS, BARON (1790-1858)
• LYONS, RICHARD BICKERTON PEMELL LYONS, 1ST EARL (1817–1887)

Lyons an admirable See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French version from the Italian (Historiale description de l'Afrique); and in the same year appeared at See also:

• ANTWERP
• ANTWERP (Fr. Anvers)

Antwerp both See also:

• CHRISTOPHER, SAINT (Christophorus, Christoferus)

Christopher See also:

• PLANTIN, CHRISTOPHE (1514–1589)

Plantin's and Jean Bellere's rated issues of Temporal's See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation, and a new (very inaccurate) Latin version by Joannes Florianus, Joannis Leonis Africani de lobos Africae descriptione libri i.-ix . The latter was reprinted in 1558, 1559 (See also:

• ZURICH
• ZURICH (Fr. Zurich; Ital. Zurigo)

Zurich), and 1632 (See also:

• LEIDEN

Leiden), and served as the basis of See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John Pory's Elizabethan See also:

• ENGLISH

English translation, made at the suggestion of See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard See also:

• HAKLUYT, RICHARD (c. 1553—1616)

Hakluyt (A See also:

• GEOGRAPHICAL

Geographical Historic of Africa, See also:

• LONDON

London, 16o0) . Pory's version was reissued, with notes, maps, &c., by See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

Brown, E . G . Ravenstein, &c . (3 vols., Hakluyt Society, London, 1896) . An excellent See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German translation was made by Lorsbach, from the Italian, in 1805 (Johann Leos See also:

• DES

des Afrikaners Beschreebung von Afrika, Herborn) . See also See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis See also:

• MOORE, A
• MOORE, ALBERT JOSEPH (1841–1893)
• MOORE, EDWARD (1712–1757)
• MOORE, GEORGE (1853– )
• MOORE, GEORGE FOOT (1851– )
• MOORE, HENRY (1831–1895)
• MOORE, JOHN (1729-1802)
• MOORE, SIR JOHN (1761-1809)
• MOORE, THOMAS (1779-1852)

Moore's Travels into the inland parts of Africa (1738), containing a translation of Leo's See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of See also:

• NEGRO (from Lat. eager, black)

negro kingdoms . Heinrich See also:

• BARTH
• BARTH, HEINRICH (1821–1865)
• BARTH, KASPAR VON (1587-1658)

Barth intended to have made a fresh version, with a commentary,, but was prevented by death ; as it is, his own great See also:

• WORKS

works on the Sudan are the best elucidation of the Descrizione dell' Affrica . Leo also wrote lives of the Arab physicians and philosophers (De viris quibusdam illustribus apud Arabes; see J . A . See also:

• FABRICIUS, GAIUS LUSCINUS (i.e. " the one-eyed ")
• FABRICIUS, GEORG (1516-1571)
• FABRICIUS, HIERONYMUS
• FABRICIUS, JOHANN ALBERT (1668-1736)
• FABRICIUS, JOHANN CHRISTIAN (1745-18o8)

Fabricius, Bibliotheca Graeca, See also:

• HAMBURG

Hamburg, 1726, xiii .

259-298) ; a See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish-Arabic vocabulary, now lost, but noticed by Ramusio as having been consulted by the famous See also:

• HEBREW

Hebrew physician, See also:

• JACOB
• JACOB, JOHN (1812-1858)

Jacob Mantino; a collection of Arabic epitaphs in and near Fez (the MS. of this Leo presented, it is said, to the See also:

• BROTHER

brother of the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king) ; and poems, alsolost . It is stated, moreover, that Leo intended See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

writing a See also:

• HISTORY

history of the Mahommedan See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion, an See also:

• EPITOME
• EPITOME (Gr. lircroui, from isrLTEµveW, to cut short)

epitome of Mahommedan See also:

• CHRONICLES, BOOKS OF

chronicles, and an account of his travels in See also:

• ASIA

Asia and Egypt . (C . R .