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LEOPOLD IL (1747—1792)

LEPIDOPTERA (Gr. ?emir, a scale or husk, and 7rrepov, a wing)

KARL RICHARD LEPSIUS (1810–1884)

SEBASTIAN LERDO DE TEJADA (1825-1889)

DUKE OF FRANCISCO DE SANDOVAL Y ROJAS LERMA (1552–1625)

MIKHAIL YUREVICH LERMONTOV (1814–1841)

PIERRE LEROUX (1798-1871)

LESBOS (Mytilene, Turk. Midullu)

LESCHES (Lescheos in Pausanias x. 25. 5)

MARQUIS DE LOUIS MARIE JOSEPH LESCURE (1766—1793)

FRANCOIS DE BONNE LESDIGUIERES

LESGHIANS, or LESCHIS (from the Persian Leksi, called Leki by the Grusians or Georgians, Armenians and Ossetes)

LESINA (Serbo-Croatian, Hvar)

LESION (through Fr. from Lat. laesio, injury, laedere, to hurt)

LESKOVATS (LESKOVATZ or LESKOvAC)

JOHN LESLEY (1527-1596)

CHARLES LESLIE (1650-1722)

CHARLES ROBERT LESLIE (1794–1859)

FRED [FREDERICK HOBSON] LESLIE (1855–1892)

SIR JOHN LESLIE (1766-1832)

THOMAS EDWARD CLIFFE LESLIE (1827-1882)

JEANNE JULIE ELEONORE DE LESPINASSE (1732-1776)

FERDINAND DE LESSEPS (1805-1894)

GOTTHOLD EPHRAIM LESSING (1729–1781)

LESSON (through Fr. lecon from Lat. lectio, reading; legere, to read)

JEAN FRANCOIS LESUEUR (1760 or 1763–1837)

LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

LETTER OF CREDIT

LETTRES DE CACHET

LEUK (Fr. Loeche Ville)

EMANUEL LEUTZE (1816–1868)

PIERRE EMILE LEVASSEUR (1828– )

LEVATOR TABU SUPERIORIS ALAEQUE NAST LEVATOR LABII

LEVEE (from Fr. lever, to raise)

LEVEE (from the French substantival use of lever, to rise; there is no French substantival use of levee in the English sense)

EARLS OF LEVEN AND MELVILLE

1ST EARL OF ALEXANDER LESLIE LEVEN (c. 1580-1661)

LEVER (through O. Fr. leveour, levere, mod. levier, from Lat. levare, to lift, raise)

CHARLES JAMES LEVER (1806-1872)

URBAIN JEAN JOSEPH LEVERRIER (1811—1877)

OSCAR IVAN LEVERTIN (1862-1906)

HERMANN LEVI (1839-1900)

LEONE LEVI (1821-1888)

LEVIRATE (Lat. levir, a husband's brother)

LEVIS (formerly Pointe Levi)

LEVY (Fr. levee, from lever, Lat. levare, to lift, raise)

AMY LEVY (1861–1889)

AUGUSTE MICHEL LEVY (1844– )

FANNY LEWALD (1811–1889)

LEWANIKA (c. i86o– )

CHARLES LEE LEWES (1740–1803)

HENRY CARVILL LEWIS

JOHN FREDERICK LEWIS (180 1876)

MATTHEW GREGORY LEWIS (1775-1818)

MERIWETHER LEWIS (1774-1809)

BART SIR GEORGE CORNEWALL LEWIS

BARON LEXINGTON

LEYDEN JAR, or CONDENSER

JOHN LEYDEN (1775-1811)

BARON HENDRIK LEYS (1815-1869)

LHASA (LIIASSA, LASSA, " God's ground ")

LIBANIUS (A.D. 314-393)

LIBATION (Lat. libatio, from libare, to take a portion of something, to taste, hence to pour out as an offering to a deity, &c.; cf. Gr. Aeid3ew)

LIBAU (Lettish, Leepaya)

LIBER DIURNUS ROMANORUM PONTIFLCUM

LIBER PONTIFICALIS, or GESTA PONTIFICUM ROMANORUM (i.e. book of the popes)

LIBERTAD, or LA LIBERTAD

LIBERTARIANISM (from Lat. libertas, freedom)

SYNAGOGUE OF THE LIBERTINES

LIBERTY (Lat. libertas, from liber, free)

LIBRA (" THE BALANCE ")

LIBRARY ASSOCIATIONS AND

LIBRARY PERIODICALS

LIBRATION (Lat. libra, a balance)

LICENCE (through the French from Lat. licentia, licere, to be lawful)

LICHEN (lichen ruber)

GEORG CHRISTOPH LICHTENBERG (1742-1799)

GRANIUS LICINIANUS

GAIUS LICINIUS CALVUS STOLO

GAIUS LICINIUS MACER CALVUS (82-47 B.C.)

LICTORS (lictores)

LIGULASMATIDAE LIDAE

HENRY GEORGE LIDDELL (1811-1898)

HENRY PARRY LIDDON (1829-1890)

JONAS LAURITZ EDEMIL LIE (1833—1908)

MARIUS SOPHUS LIE (1842–1899)

FRANCIS LIEBER (1800–1872)

MAX LIEBERMANN (1849– )

BARON JUSTUS VON LIEBIG (1803-1873)

WILHELM LIEBKNECHT (1826-1900)

LIEGE (Walloon, Lige, Flemish, Luik, Ger. Lilltich)

LIERRE (Flemish, Lier)

LIGAMENT (Lat. ligamentum, from ligare, to bind)

JOHN LIGHTFOOT (1602-1675)

JOSEPH BARBER LIGHTFOOT (1828-1889)

CEREMONIAL USE OF LIGHTS

LIGNITE (Lat. lignum, wood)

JOHN LIGONIER (JEAN Louts) LIGONIER, EARL (168o--1770)

ALFONSO MARIA DEI LIGUORI (1696-1787)

LIGURES BAEBIANI

JOHN LILBURNE (c. 1614-1657)

DETLEV VON LILIENCRON (1844-1909)

LILITH (Heb. lildtu, " night "; hence " night-monster ")

LILLIBULLERO, or LILLIBURLERO

GEORGE LILLO (1693-1739)

WILLIAM LILLY (16oz-1681)

LILYE, or LILY, WILLIAM (c. 1468-1522)

PHILIPP VAN LIMBORCH (1633-1712)

LIMBURG CHRONICLE, or FESTI LIMPURGENSES

LIMBURG, or LIMEOURG

LIMBUS (Lat. for " edge," " fringe," e.g. of a garment)

LIME (O. Eng. lim, Lat. limes, mud, from linere, to smear)

LIMINA APOSTOLORUM

STATUTES OF LIMITATION

LIMON, or PORT LIMON

LIMONITE, or BROWN IRON ORE

LIMOUSIN (Lat. Pagus Lemovicinus, ager Lemovicensis, regio Lemovicum, Lemozinum, Limosinium, &c.)

LIMOUSIN (or LIMOSIN), LEONARD (c. 1505-c. 1577)

LIMPOPO, or CROCODILE

LINACRE (or LYNAKER), THOMAS (c. 146o-1524)

FILE LINCOLN JUDGMENT

ABRAHAM LINCOLN (1809-1865)

EARLS OF LINCOLN

PAUL LINDAU (1839– )

ROBERT LINDESAY

JEAN BAPTISTE ROBERT LINDET (1749-1825)

JOHN LINDLEY (1799-1865)

BARON NATHANIEL LINDLEY LINDLEY (1828- )

WILLIAM LINDLEY (1808–1900)

MARK PRAGER LINDO (1819-1879)

THEOPHILUS LINDSEY (1723—1808)

GUSTAF LINDSTRSM (1829-1901)

LINER, or LINE OF BATTLE

PER HENRIK LING (1776-1839)

JOHN LINGARD (1771-1851)

LINGAYAT (from linga, the emblem of Siva)

BARON RALPH ROBERT WHEELER LINGEN LINGEN (1819-1905)

SIMON NICHOLAS HENRI LINGUET (1736-1794)

THOMAS LINLEY (1732—1795)

1ST MARQUESS JOHN ADRIAN LOUIS HOPE LINLITHGOW

LINLITHGOWSHIRE, or WEST LOTHIAN

JOHN LINNELL (1792—1882)

LINSTOCK (adapted from the Dutch lontstok, i.e. " match-stick," from lont, a match, stok, a stick; the word is sometimes erroneously spelled " lintstock " from a supposed derivation from " lint " in the sense of tinder)

LINT (in M. Eng. linnet, probably through Fr. linette, from lin, the flax-plant; cf. " line ")

LINTEL (0. Fr. lintel, mod. linteau, from Late Lat. limitellum, limes, boundary, confused in sense with limen, threshold; the Latin name is supercilium, Ital. soprasogli, and Ger. Stutz)

LINTH, or LIMMAT

ELIZA LYNN LINTON (1822-1898)

WILLIAM JAMES LINTON (1812-1897)

BARNABY BERNARD LINTOT (1675-1736)

LION (Lat, leo, leonis; Gr. Mew)

IST DUKE OF DORSET LIONEL CRANFIELD SACKVILLE (1688-1765)

LIONEL OF ANTWERP

HUGUES DE LIONNE (1611-1671)

JEAN ETIENNE LIOTARD (1702—1789)

LIP (a word common in various forms, to Teutonic languages, cf Ger. Lippe, Dan. laebe; Lat. labium is cognate)

LIPARI ISLANDS (anc. AibXov vijaoc, or Aeoliae Insulae)

ANDREA VANNI BARTOLO DI FREDI LIPPO MEMMI

JUSTUS LIPSIUS (1547-16o6)

RICHARD ADELBERT LIPSIUS (183o-1892)

BART SIR THOMAS JOHNSTONE LIPTON

LIQUID AMBER LIQUIDAMBAR

LIQUIDATION (i.e. making " liquid " or clear)

LISBON (Lisboa)

ALICE LISLE (c. 1614-1685)

LISSA (Polish Lezno)

LISSA (Serbo-Croation Vis; Lat. Issa)

LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)

FRIEDRICH LIST (1789-1846)

ALBERTO LISTA Y ARAGON (1775–1848)

JOSEPH LISTER LISTER

MARTIN LISTER (c. 1638-1712)

JOHN LISTON (c. 1776-1846)

ROBERT LISTON (1794-1847)

FRANZ LISZT (1811-1886)

WILLIAM LITHGOW (1582–? 165o)

atomic weight 7•oo LITHIUM [symbol Li (0=16)]

LITHOGRAPHY (Gr. MOOS, a stone, and ypakecv, to write)

LITHOSPHERE (Gr. XLOoc , a stone, and Q4aepa, a sphere)

LITMUS (apparently a corruption of lacmus, Dutch lacmoes, lac, lac, and moes, pulp, due to association with " lit," an obsolete word for dye, colour; the Ger. equivalent is Lac/emus, Fr tournesol)

LITOTES (Gr. XtrOrzls, plainness, ALTOS, plain, simple, smooth)

LITTER (through O. Fr. litere or litiere, mod. litiere from Med. Lat. lectaria, classical lectica, lectus, bed, couch)

LITTLETON (or LYTTELTON), EDWARD, BARON (1589—1645)

SIR THOMAS DE LITTLETON (c. 1407-1481)

MAXIMILIEN PAUL SMILE LITTRE (1801-1881)

LITURGY (Low Lat. liturgia; Gr. X€Zros, public, and Epyov, work; )Aetrovpy6s, a public servant)

LIUDPRAND (LIUTPRAND, LUITPRAND) (c. 922-972)

LIVER (O. Eng. lifer; cf. cognate forms, Dutch lever, Ger. Leber, Swed. lefver, &c.; the O. H. Ger. forms are libara, lipora, &c.; the Teut. word has been connected with Gr. i'prap and Lat. jecur)

MARY ASHTON [RICE] LIVERMORE (1821-1905)

EARLS LIVERPOOL

EARLS OF LIVERPOOL

LIVERY COMPANIES

LIVIA DRUSILLA (c. 55 B.C.–A.D. 29)

EDWARD LIVINGSTON (1764–1836)

ROBERT R LIVINGSTON

WILLIAM LIVINGSTON (1723-1790)

LIVINGSTONE MOUNTAINS

DAVID LIVINGSTONE (1813-1873)

LIVIUS ANDRONICUS (c. 284–204 B.C. )

LIVONIA, or LIVLAND (Russian, Liflandia)

LIVY [Thus L1v1us] (59 B.C.—A.D: 17)

LIZARD (Lat. lacertal)

LIZARD POINT, or THE LIZARD

GUSTAF HAKAN JORDAN LJUNGGREN (1823–1905)

LLANDEILO GROUP

LLANDILO, or LLANDEILO FAWR

LLANDOVERY (Llan-ym-ddyffri)

LLANDOVERY GROUP

LLANDRINDOD, or LLANDRINDOD WELLS

LLANQUIHUE (pron. fan-ke-wa)

LLANTWIT MAJOR (Welsh Llan-Illtyd-Fawr)

LLANWRTYD WELLS

JUAN ANTONIO LLORENTE (1756-1823)

DAVID LLOYD GEORGE (1863— )

EDWARD LLOYD (1845— )

WILLIAM LLOYD (1627–1717)

WILLIAM WATKISS LLOYD (1813–1893)

EDWARD LLWYD (166o-1709)

LOAM (O.E. lam; the word appears in Dut. leem and Ger. Lehm; the ultimate origin is the root lai-, meaning " to be sticky," which is seen in the cognate " lime," Lat. limus, mud, clay)

LOAN (adapted from the Scandinavian form of a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Swed. Mn, Icel. lan, Dut. leen; the O.E. laen appears in " lend," the ultimate source is seen in the root of Gr. Xeiaecv and Lat. linquere, to leave)

LOANDA (Sao Paulo de Loanda)

NICOLAS IVANOVICH LOBACHEVSKIY (1793-1856)