MERIWETHER See also:

• LEWIS, HENRY CARVILL
• LEWIS, JOHN FREDERICK (180 1876)
• LEWIS, MATTHEW GREGORY (1775-1818)
• MERIWETHER LEWIS (1774-1809)
• LEWIS, SIR GEORGE CORNEWALL, BART

LEWIS (1774-1809)  , See also:

• AMERICAN

American explorer, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born near See also:

• CHARLOTTESVILLE

Charlottesville, See also:

• VIRGINIA
• VIRGINIA, or VERGINIA
• VIRGINIA, UNIVERSITY OF

Virginia, on the 18th of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1774 . In 1794 he volunteered with the Virginia troops called out to suppress the " See also:

• WHISKY, or WHISKEY

Whisky Insurrection," was commissioned as See also:

• ENSIGN (through the Fr. enseigne from the Latin plural insignia)

ensign in the See also:

• REGULAR

regular See also:

• UNITED

United States See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army in 1795, served with distinction under See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

General See also:

• ANTHONY, SAINT
• ANTHONY, SUSAN BROWNELL (1820-1906)

Anthony See also:

• WAYNE, ANTHONY (1745-1796)

Wayne in the See also:

• CAMPAIGNS

campaigns against the See also:

• INDIANS, NORTH AMERICAN

Indians, and attained the See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

captain in 1797 . From 18o1 to 1803 he was the private secretary of See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

President See also:

• JEFFERSON
• JEFFERSON, JOSEPH (1829-1905)
• JEFFERSON, THOMAS (1743-1826)

Jefferson . On the 18th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1803 Jefferson sent aconfidential See also:

• MESSAGE (a word occurring in slightly different forms in several languages, e.g. Fr. message, Span. mensaje, Ital. messagio; adapted from the Low Lat. missaticum, from mittere)

message to See also:

• CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

Congress urging the development of See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade with the Indians of the See also:

• MISSOURI

Missouri Valley and recommending that an exploring party be sent into this region, notwithstanding the fact that it was then held by See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain and owned by See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France . Congress appropriated funds for the expedition, and the president instructed See also:

• LEWIS, HENRY CARVILL
• LEWIS, JOHN FREDERICK (180 1876)
• LEWIS, MATTHEW GREGORY (1775-1818)
• LEWIS, MERIWETHER (1774-1809)
• LEWIS, SIR GEORGE CORNEWALL, BART

Lewis to proceed to the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head-See also:

• WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters of the Missouri See also:

• RIVER

river and thence across the mountains to the Pacific Ocean . With Jefferson's consent Lewis See also:

• CHOSE (Fr. for " thing ")

chose .as a See also:

• COMPANION (through the O. Fr. compaignon or compagnon, from the Late Lat. companio,—cum, with, and panis, bread,—one who shares meals with another; the word has been wrongly derived from the Late Lat. compagnus, one of the same pages or district)

companion Lieut . See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• CLARK, FRANCIS EDWARD (1851- )
• CLARK, GEORGE ROGERS (1752—1818)
• CLARK, JOHN BATES (1847— )
• CLARK, JOSIAH LATIMER (1822—1898)
• CLARK, SIR ANDREW
• CLARK, SIR JAMES (1788—1870)
• CLARK, THOMAS (1801—1867)
• CLARK, WILLIAM (1770-1838)
• CLARK, WILLIAM GEORGE (1821—1878)

Clark, an old friend and army comrade . The preparations were made under the orders of the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

Department, and, until the See also:

• NEWS

news arrived that France had sold See also:

• LOUISIANA

Louisiana to the United States, they were conducted in secrecy . Lewis spent some See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time in See also:

• PHILADELPHIA

Philadelphia, gaining additional knowledge of the natural sciences and learning the use of See also:

• INSTRUMENTS

instruments for deter-See also:

• MINING

mining positions; and See also:

• LATE

late in 1803 he and Clark, with twenty-nine men from the army, went into See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter quarters near St See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis, where the men were subjected to rigid training . On the 14th of May 1804 the party, with sixteen additional members, who, however, were to go only a See also:

• PART

part of the way, started up the Missouri river in three boats, and by the 2nd of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November had made the difficult ascent of the stream as far as 470 21' N. See also:

• LAT

lat., near the site of the See also:

• PRESENT

present See also:

• BISMARCK
• BISMARCK, OTTO EDUARD LEOPOLD VON, PRINCE

Bismarck, See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North Dakota, where, among the See also:

• MANDAN

Mandan Indians, they passed the second winter . See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

Early in See also:

• APRIL

April r8os the ascent of the Missouri was continued as far as the three forks of the river, which were named the Jefferson, the See also:

• GALLATIN, ALBERT (1761-1849)

Gallatin and the See also:

• MADISON
• MADISON, JAMES (1751–1836)

Madison . The Jefferson was then followed to its source in the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-western part of what is now the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of See also:

• MONTANA

Montana .

Procuring a See also:

• GUIDE (in Mid. Eng. gyde, from the Fr. guide; the earlier French form was guie, English " guy," the d was due to the Italian form guida; the ultimate origin is probably Teutonic, the word being connected with the base seen in O. Eng. witan, to know)

guide and horses from the Shoshone Indians, the party pushed westward through the Rocky Mountains in See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September, and on the 7th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October embarked in canoes on a tributary of the See also:

• COLUMBIA

Columbia river, the mouth of which they reached on the 15th of November . They had travelled upwards of 4000 M. from their starting-point, had encountered various See also:

• INDIAN

Indian tribes never before seen by whites, had made valuable scientific collections and observations, and were the first explorers to reach the Pacific by See also:

• CROSSING

crossing the See also:

• CONTINENT (from Lat. continere, "to hold together "; hence " connected," " continuous ")

continent north of See also:

• MEXICO
• MEXICO (Span. Mejico, or Mexico,)
• MEXICO, FEDERAL DISTRICT OF
• MEXICO, GULF OF

Mexico . After spending the winter on the Pacific See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast they started on the 23rd of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 18o6 on their return See also:

• JOURNEY (through O. Fr. jornee or journee, mod. Fr. journee, from med. Lat. diurnata, Lat. diurnus, of or belonging to dies, day)

journey, and, after crossing the See also:

• DIVIDE

divide, Lewis with one party explored Maria's river, and Clark with another the Yellowstone . On the 12th of August the two explorers reunited near the junction of the Yellowstone and the Missouri, and on the 23rd of September reached St Louis . In spite of exposure, hardship and peril only one member of the party died, and only one deserted . No later feat of exploration, perhaps, in any See also:

• QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

quarter of the globe has exceeded this in romantic See also:

• INTEREST

interest . The expedition was commemorated by the Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition at See also:

• PORTLAND
• PORTLAND, EARL OF
• PORTLAND, ISLE OF
• PORTLAND, WILLIAM BENTINCK, EARL
• PORTLAND, WILLIAM HENRY CAVENDISH BENTINCK

Portland, See also:

• OREGON

Oregon, in 1905 . The leaders and men of the exploring party were rewarded with liberal grants of See also:

• LAND

land from the public domain, Lewis receiving 1500 acres; and in March 1807 Lewis was made See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern part of the territory obtained from France in 1803, which had been organized as the Louisiana Territory . He performed the duties of this See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office with See also:

• GREAT

great efficiency, but it is said that in the unwonted quiet of his new duties, his mind, always subject to See also:

• MELANCHOLY (Gr. µe)tayXotia, from µEtas, black, and Xotii, bile)

melancholy, became unbalanced, and that while on his way to See also:

• WASHINGTON
• WASHINGTON (or WASHINGTON COURT HOUSE)
• WASHINGTON, BOOKER TALIAFERRO (c. 1859– )
• WASHINGTON, BUSHROD (1762-1829)
• WASHINGTON, GEORGE (1732-1799)

Washington he committed See also:

• SUICIDE (from Lat. sui, of oneself, and cidium, from cued ere, to kill)

suicide about 6o m. south-See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west of See also:

• NASHVILLE

Nashville, See also:

• TENNESSEE

Tennessee, on the rlth of October 1809 . It is not definitely known, however, whether he actually committed suicide or was murdered .