See also:

• LIBER

LIBER PONTIFICALIS, or GESTA PONTIFICUM ROMANORUM (i.e. See also:

• BOOK

book of the popes)  , consists of the lives of the bishops of See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome from the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of St See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter to the See also:

• DEATH

death of See also:

• NICHOLAS
• NICHOLAS (1841– )
• NICHOLAS (or NICLAES), HENRY (or HENDRIK) (c. 1501-C. 158o)
• NICHOLAS, SIR EDWARD (1593-1669)
• NICHOLAS, ST

Nicholas I. in 867 . A supplement continues the See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of lives almost to the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of the 9th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, and several other continuations were written later . During the 16th century there was some discussion about the authorship of the See also:

• LIBER

Liber, and for some time it was thought to be the See also:

• WORK

work of an See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian See also:

• MONK (O.Eng. munuc; this with the Teutonic forms, e.g. Du. monnik, Ger. Witch, and the Romanic, e.g. Fr. moine, Ital. monacho and Span. monje, are from the Lat. monachus, adaptedfrom Gr. µovaXos, one living alone, a solitary; Own, alone)
• MONK (or MONCK), GEORGE
• MONK, JAMES HENRY (1784-1856)
• MONK, MARIA (c. 1817—1850)

monk, See also:

• ANASTASIUS

Anastasius Bibliothecarius (d . 886) . It is now, however, practically certain that it was of composite authorship and that the earlier See also:

• PART

part of it was compiled about S30, three centuries before the time of Anastasius . This is the view taken by See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis See also:

• DUCHESNE, LOUIS MARIE OLIVIER (1843– )

Duchesne and proportion of the See also:

• SEAMEN, LAWS RELATING TO

seamen employed on men-of-See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war and See also:

• MERCHANT (O. Fr. marcheant, modern marchand; from Lat. mercari, to trade, merx, goods, merchandise)

merchant ' substantially by G . See also:

• WAITZ, GEORG (1813-1886)
• WAITZ, THEODOR (1821-1864)

Waitz and T . See also:

• MOMMSEN, THEODOR (1817–1903)

Mommsen, although these See also:

• SHIPS

ships in these tropical See also:

• WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters . Many of the indigenous races scholars think that it was written about a century later . The of See also:

• LIBERIA

Liberia in the See also:

• FOREST

forest See also:

• BELT (a word common to Teutonic languages, the Old Ger. form being bale, from which the Lat. balteus probably derived)
• BELT, THOMAS (1832-1878)

belt beyond 40 M. from the See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast still practise See also:

• CANNIBALISM

cannibalism . In some of these forest tribes the See also:

• WOMEN

women still go quite naked, but clothes of a See also:

• MAHOMMEDAN

Mahommedan type are fast spreading over the whole See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country . Some of the indigenous races are of very See also:

• FINE

fine physique .

In the Nidi country the women are generally taller than the men . No traces of a See also:

• PYGMY, or PIGMY (Gr. avy,uavos, from avypij, a Greek measure of length corresponding to " the distance between the elbow and knuckles " of a man of average size)

Pygmy See also:

• RACE

race have as yet been discovered, nor any negroes of See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low See also:

• PHYSIOGNOMY

physiognomy . Some of the See also:

• KRUMEN (KROOMEN, KROOBOYS, KRUS, or CROOS)

Krumen are coarse and ugly, and this is the See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case with the See also:

• MENDE

Mende See also:

• PEOPLE

people; but as a See also:

• RULE

rule the indigenes of Liberia are handsome, well-proportioned negroes, and some of the Mandingos have an almost See also:

• EUROPEAN

European See also:

• CAST (from the verb meaning " to throw "; the word is Scand. in origin, cf. Dan. kaste, and Swed. kasta; " cast " in Middle Eng. took the place of the A.S. weor pan, cf. Ger. werf en)

cast of feature . to See also:

• DEAL

deal mainly with See also:

• PHILOLOGY

philology, throws a wonderful See also:

• LIGHT

light on the the See also:

• PRESENT

present See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of See also:

• LAMBAYEQUE

Lambayeque . The Western See also:

• CORDILLERA

Cordillera relationships and See also:

• HISTORY

history of the native tribes of Liberia . although large areas appear to be uninhabited forest, other parts are most densely populated, owing to the wonderful fertility of the See also:

• SOIL

soil . The native tribes belong more or less to the following divisions, commencing on the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west, and proceeding eastwards: (I) Vai, Gbandi, Kpwesi, Mende, Buzi and See also:

• MANDINGO

Mandingo (the Vai, Mende and Mandingo are Mahommedans) ; all these tribes speak See also:

• LANGUAGES

languages derived from a See also:

• COMMON

common stock . (2) In the densest forest region between the Alamo and the St See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul's See also:

• RIVER

river is the powerful Gora tribe of unknown linguistic See also:

• AFFINITIES

affinities . (3) In the coast region between the St Paul's river and the Cavalla (and beyond) are the different tribes of Kru stock and See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language See also:

• FAMILY

family—De, Basa, Gibi, Kru, Grebo, Putu, Sikora, &c . &c . The actual Kru tribe inhabits the coast between the river Cestos on the west and See also:

• GRAND

Grand Sesters on the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east . It is known all over the See also:

• ATLANTIC

Atlantic coasts of See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa, as it furnishes such a large was consecrated according to the Catalogus Liberianus on the 22nd of May .

His first recorded See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act was, after a See also:

• SYNOD
• SYNOD (Gr. vbvobos)

synod had been held at Rome, to write to See also:

• CONSTANTIUS, FLAVIUS VALERIUS

Constantius, then in quarters at See also:

• ARLES
• ARLES, KINGDOM OF

Arles (353-354), asking that a See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council might be called at See also:

• AQUILEIA

Aquileia with reference to the affairs of See also:

• ATHANASIUS (293-373)

Athanasius; but his messenger Vincentius of See also:

• CAPUA (anc. Casilinum;, a town and archiepiscopal see of Campania, Italy, in the province of Caserta, 7 M. W. by rail from the town oI Caserta. Pop. (1901) 14
• CAPUA (mod. S. Maria di Capua Vetere)

Capua was compelled by the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor at a conciliabulum held in Arles to subscribe against his will a condemnation of the orthodox See also:

• PATRIARCH (M.E. and O. Fr. patriarche, Lat. patriarcha, Gr. aarpuipxtis, from srarptu., clan, and apxil, rule)

patriarch of See also:

• ALEXANDRIA
• ALEXANDRIA (Arab. Iskenderia)

Alexandria . In 355 Liberius was one of the few who, along with See also:

• EUSEBIUS
• EUSEBIUS (Gr. EuOi/3tos, from ebaegils, pious, cf. the Latin name Pius)
• EUSEBIUS [OF CAESAREA] (c. 260-c. 340)
• EUSEBIUS [OF EMESA] (d. c. "36o)

Eusebius of See also:

• VERCELLI (anc. Vercellae)

Vercelli, See also:

• DIONYSIUS
• DIONYSIUS (c. 432–367 B.C.)

Dionysius of See also:

• MILAN
• MILAN (Ital. Milano, Ger. Mailand, anc. Mediolanum, q.v.)

Milan and See also:

• LUCIFER (d. 370/1)
• LUCIFER (the Latinized form of Gr. 4scwo'4 bpos, " light-bearer ")

Lucifer of Cagliari, refused to sign the condemnation of Athanasius, which had anew been imposed at Milan by imperial command upon all the Western bishops; the consequence was his relegation to Beroea in See also:

• THRACE

Thrace, See also:

• FELIX
• FELIX, ANTONIUS
• FELIX, LIA (1830– )

Felix II . (antipope) being consecrated his successor by three " catascopi baud episcopi," as Athanasius called them . At the end of an See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile of more than two years he yielded so far as to subscribe a See also:

• FORMULA
• FORMULA (Lat. diminutive of forma, shape, pattern, &c., especially used of rules of judicial procedure)

formula giving up the " homoousios," to abandon Athanasius, and to accept the communion of his adversaries—a serious See also:

• MISTAKE (i.e. take amiss)

mistake, with which he has justly been reproached . This sub-See also:

• MISSION

mission led the emperor to recall him from exile; but, as the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman see was officially occupied by Felix, a See also:

• YEAR

year passed before Liberius was sent to Rome . It was the emperor's intention that Liberius should govern the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church jointly with Felix, but on the arrival of Liberius, Felix was expelled by the Roman people . Neither Liberius nor Felix took part in the council of See also:

• RIMINI

Rimini (3J9) . After the death of the emperor Constantius in 361, Liberius annulled the decrees of that See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

assembly, but, with the concurrence of SS . Athanasius and See also:

• HILARIUS (fl. 1125)
• HILARIUS (HILARY), ST (c. 403-449)
• HILARIUS, or HILARUS (HILARY)

Hilarius, retained the bishops who had signed and then withdrawn their adherence . In 366 Liberius gave a favourable reception to a deputation of the Eastern episcopate, and admitted into his communion the more moderate of the old Arian party . He died on the 24th of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 366 . His biographers used to be perplexed by a See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter purporting to be from Liberius, in the See also:

• WORKS

works of Hilary, in which he seems to- write, in 352, that he had excommunicated Athanasius at the instance of Liber contains much See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information about papal affairs in See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general, and about endowments, martyrdoms and the like, but a considerable part of it is obviously legendary .

It assumes that the bishops of Rome exercised authority over the See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian Church from its earliest days . The Liber, which was used by See also:

• BEDE, BEDA, or B
• BEDE, CUTHBERT

Bede for his Hisloria Ecclesiastica, was first printed at See also:

• MAINZ (Fr. Mayence)

Mainz in 1602 . Among other See also:

• EDITIONS

editions is the one edited by T . Mommsen for the Monumenta Germaniae historica . Gesta Romanorum pontificum, See also:

• BAND

Band i., but the best is the one by L . Duchesne, Le Liber pontificalis: texte, introduction, commentaire (See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1884-1892) . See also the same writer's Etude sur le Liber pontificalis (Paris, 1877); and the See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article by A . Brackmann in See also:

• HERZOG, HANS (1819–1894)
• HERZOG, JOHANN JAKOB (1805-1882)

Herzog-Hauck's Realencyklopadie, Band xi . (See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig, 1902) .