See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

FRANCIS See also:

• FRANCIS LIEBER (1800–1872)

LIEBER (1800–1872)  , See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German-See also:

• AMERICAN

American publicist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin on the 18th of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March x800 . He served with his two See also:

• BROTHERS, RICHARD (1757-1824)

brothers under See also:

• BLUCHER, GEBHARD LEBERECHT VON (1742—1819)

Blucher in the See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign of 1815, fighting at Ligny, See also:

• WATERLOO

Waterloo and See also:

• NAMUR
• NAMUR (Flemish, Namen)

Namur, where he was twice dangerously wounded . Shortly afterwards he was arrested for his See also:

• POLITICAL

political sentiments, the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence against him being several songs of See also:

• LIBERTY (Lat. libertas, from liber, free)

liberty which he had written . After several months he was discharged without a trial, but was forbidden to pursue his studies at the Prussian See also:

• UNIVERSITIES

universities . He accordingly went to See also:

• JENA

Jena, where he took his degrees in 182o, continuing his studies at See also:

• HALLE (known as HALLE-AN-DER-SAALE, t0 distinguish it from the small town of Halle in Westphalia)
• HALLE, SIR CHARLES (originally KARL HALLE) (1819-1895)

Halle and See also:

• DRESDEN

Dresden . He subsequently took See also:

• PART

part in the See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War of See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

Independence, See also:

• PUBLISHING

publishing his experiences in his See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

Journal in See also:

• GREECE

Greece (See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig, 1823, and under the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title The German See also:

• ANACHARSIS

Anacharsis, See also:

• AMSTERDAM
• AMSTERDAM (NEw AMSTERDAM)

Amsterdam, 1823) . For a See also:

• YEAR

year he was in See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome as See also:

• TUTOR (Lat. tutor, guardian, tueri, to watch over, protect)

tutor to the son of the historian See also:

• NIEBUHR, BARTHOLD GEORG (1776–1831)
• NIEBUHR, KARSTEN (1733-1815)

Niebuhr, then Prussian See also:

• AMBASSADOR (also EMBASSADOR, the form sometimes still used in America; from the Fr. ambassadeur, with which compare Ital. ambasciatore and Span. embajador, all variants of the Med. Lat. ambassiator, ambassiator, ambasator, &c., derived from Med. Lat. amba

ambassador . Returning to Berlin in 1823, he was imprisoned at Koepenik, but was released after some months through the See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of Niebuhr . In 1827 he went to the See also:

• UNITED

United States and as soon as possible was naturalized as a See also:

• CITIZEN (a form corrupted in Eng., apparently by analogy with " denizen," from O. Fr. citeain, mod. Fr. citoyen)

citizen . He settled at See also:

• BOSTON
• BOSTON, THOMAS (1676-1732)

Boston, and for five years edited The See also:

• ENCYCLOPAEDIA

Encyclopaedia Americana (13 vols.) . From 1835 to 1856 he was See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of See also:

• HISTORY

history and political See also:

• ECONOMY

economy in See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South Carolina See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College at See also:

• COLUMBIA

Columbia, S.C., and during this See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period wrote his three chief See also:

• WORKS

works, See also:

• MANUAL

Manual of Political See also:

• ETHICS
• ETHICS, SHAFTESBURY, HOBBES

Ethics (1838), Legal and Political See also:

• HERMENEUTICS (Gr. Epµ-qvevrtKri, sc. 7E)(141, Lat. ars hermeneutica, from Epianvevety, to interpret, from Hermes, the messenger of the gods)

Hermeneutics (1839), and See also:

• CIVIL

Civil Liberty and Self See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

Government (1853) . In 1856 he resigned and next year was elected to a similar See also:

• POST

post in Columbia College, New See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York, and in 1865 became professor of constitutional history and public See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law in the same institution .

During the Civil War See also:

• LIEBER, FRANCIS (1800–1872)

Lieber rendered servicesof See also:

• GREAT

great value to the government . He was one of the first to point out the madness of See also:

• SECESSION

secession, and was active in upholding the See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

Union . He prepared, upon the requisition of the See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president, the important See also:

• CODE (Lat. codex)

Code of War for the Government of the Armies of the United States in the See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

Field, which was promulgated by the Government in See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

General Orders No. too of the war See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department . This code suggested to See also:

• BLUNTSCHLI, JOHANN KASPAR (18o8—1881)

Bluntschli his codification of the law of nations, as may be seen in the See also:

• PREFACE (Med. Lat. prefatia, for classical praefatio, praefari, to speak beforehand)

preface to his See also:

• DROIT (Fr. for " right," from Lat. directus, straight)

Droit See also:

• INTERNATIONAL, THE

International Codifie . During this period also Lieber wrote his Guerilla Parties with Reference to the See also:

• LAWS

Laws and Usages of War . At the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of his See also:

• DEATH

death he was the See also:

• UMPIRE

umpire of the See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission for the See also:

• ADJUDICATION (Lat. adjudicatio; adjudicare, to award)

adjudication of Mexican claims . He died on the and of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1872 . His books were acquired by the University of See also:

• CALIFORNIA
• CALIFORNIA, LOWER (Baja California)
• CALIFORNIA, UNIVERSITY OF

California, and his papers were placed in the Johns See also:

• HOPKINS, EDWARD WASHBURN (1857— )
• HOPKINS, ESEK (1718-18oz)
• HOPKINS, MARK (1802—1887)
• HOPKINS, SAMUEL (1721–1803)
• HOPKINS, WILLIAM (1793–1866)

Hopkins University . His See also:

• MISCELLANEOUS

Miscellaneous Writings were published by D . C . See also:

• GILMAN, DANIEL COIT (1831-1908)

Gilman (See also:

• PHILADELPHIA

Philadelphia, 1881) . See T .

S . See also:

• PERRY
• PERRY (from Fr. Moire, from poire, a pear)
• PERRY, MATTHEW CALBRAITH (1794–1858)
• PERRY, OLIVER HAZARD (1785-1819)

Perry, See also:

• LIFE

Life and Letters (1882), and See also:

• BIOGRAPHY (from the Gr. (3ios, life, and yp&4 , writing)

biography by Harby (1899) .