See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

JOHN See also:

• JOHN LIGONIER (JEAN Louts) LIGONIER, EARL (168o--1770)

LIGONIER (See also:

• JEAN

JEAN Louts) LIGONIER, See also:

• EARL

EARL (168o--1770)  , See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

Field See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

Marshal, came of a Huguenot See also:

• FAMILY

family of See also:

• CASTRES

Castres in the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, members of which emigrated to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England at the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of the 17th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . He entered the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army as a volunteer under See also:

• MARLBOROUGH
• MARLBOROUGH, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• MARLBOROUGH, JOHN CHURCHILL, 1ST DUKE OF (1650-1722)

Marlborough . From 1702 to 1710 he was engaged, with distinction, in nearly every important See also:

• BATTLE

battle and See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege of the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war . He was one of the first to See also:

• MOUNT, WILLIAM SIDNEY (1807-1868)

mount the See also:

• BREACH (Mid. Eng. breche, derived from the common Teutonic root brec, which appears in " break," Ger. brechen, &c.)

breach at the siege of See also:

• LIEGE
• LIEGE (Walloon, Lige, Flemish, Luik, Ger. Lilltich)

Liege, commanded a See also:

• COMPANY

company at the Schellenberg and at See also:

• BLENHEIM (Ger. Blindheim)

Blenheim, and was See also:

• PRESENT

present at See also:

• MENIN (Flemish Meenen)

Menin (where he led the storming of the covered way), See also:

• RAMILLIES

Ramillies, Oudenarde and See also:

• MALPLAQUET

Malplaquet (where he received twenty-three bullets through his clothing and remained unhurt) . In 1712 he became See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of Fort St See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip, See also:

• MINORCA(Menorca)

Minorca, and in 1718 was See also:

• ADJUTANT (from Lat. adjutare, to aid)

adjutant-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general of the troops employed in the See also:

• VIGO

Vigo expedition, where he led the stormers of Fort Marin . Two years later he became See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

colonel of the " See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

Black See also:

• HORSE (a word common to Teutonic languages in such forms as hors, hros, ros; cf. the Ger. ross)

Horse " (now 7th See also:

• DRAGOON (Fr. dragon, Ger. Dragoner)

Dragoon See also:

• GUARDS, AND HOUSEHOLD TROOPS

Guards), a command which he retained for 29 years . His See also:

• REGIMENT (from Late Latin regimentum, rule, regere, to rule, govern, direct)

regiment soon attained an extraordinary degree of efficiency . He was made brigadier-general in 1735, See also:

• MAJOR
• MAJOR (Lat. for " greater ")
• MAJOR (or MAIR), JOHN (1470-1550)

major-general in 1739, and accompanied See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• STAIR (0. Eng. stagger, step, from stigan, to climb, cf. Ger. steigen; the root is also seen in " stile " and " stirrup ")
• STAIR, JAMES DALRYMPLE

Stair in the See also:

• RHINE (Lat. Rhenus, Ger. Rhein, Fr. Rhin, Dutch Rhyn, or Rijn)

Rhine See also:

• CAMPAIGN

Campaign of 1742-1743 . See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George II. made him a See also:

• KNIGHT, CHARLES (1791-1873)
• KNIGHT, DANIEL RIDGWAY (1845– )
• KNIGHT, JOHN BUXTON (1843–1908)

Knight of the See also:

• BATH
• BATH, THOMAS THYNNE
• BATH, WILLIAM

Bath on the field of See also:

• DETTINGEN

Dettingen .. At See also:

• FONTENOY

Fontenoy See also:

• LIGONIER, JOHN (JEAN Louts) LIGONIER, EARL (168o--1770)

Ligonier commanded the British See also:

• FOOT

foot, and acted throughout the battle as adviser to the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• CUMBERLAND
• CUMBERLAND, DUKES AND EARLS OF
• CUMBERLAND, RICHARD (1632-1718)
• CUMBERLAND, RICHARD (1732-1811)
• CUMBERLAND, WILLIAM AUGUSTUS

Cumberland . During the " See also:

• FORTY

Forty-Five " he was called See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home to command the British army in the Midlands, but in See also:

• JANUARY

January 1746 was placed at the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the British and British-paid contingents of the Allied army in the See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

Low Countries . He was present at Roucoux (11th Oct .

1746), and, as general of horse, at Val (1st See also:

• JULY

July 1747), where he led the last See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of the British See also:

• CAVALRY (Fr. cavalerie, Ger. Kavallerie or Reiterei, derived ultimately from late Lat. caballus, horse)

cavalry . In this encounter his horse was killed, and he was taken prisoner, but was ex-changed in a few days . With the close of the campaign ended Ligonier's active career, but (with a brief See also:

• INTERVAL

interval in 1756-1757) he occupied various high See also:

• CIVIL

civil and military posts to the close of his See also:

• LIFE

life . In 1757 he was made, in rapid See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession, commanderin-See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief, colonel of the 1st Foot Guards (now See also:

• GRENADIER

Grenadier Guards), and a peer of See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland under the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of See also:

• VISCOUNT (through O. Fr. viscomte, mod. vicomte, from Low Lat. vice-comes, cf. Portug. visconde, Ital. visconte)

Viscount Ligonier of See also:

• ENNISKILLEN [INNISKILLING]
• ENNISKILLEN, WILLIAM WILLOUGHBY COLE, 3RD EARL OF (1807-1886)

Enniskillen, a title changed in 1762 for that of Clonmell . From 1759 to 1762 he was See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master-general of the See also:

• ORDNANCE (a syncopated form of " ordinance " or " ordonnance," so spelt in this sense since the 17th century)

Ordnance, and in 1763 he became See also:

• BARON
• BARON (1835-1895)
• BARON, MICHEL (1653—1729)

Baron, and in 1766 See also:

• EARL

Earl, in the See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• PEERAGE
• PEERAGE (Fr. pairage, med. Lat. paragium; M.E. Pere, 0. Fr. per, peer, later pair; Lat. Paris, " equal ")

peerage . In the latter See also:

• YEAR

year he became field marshal . He died in 17.70 . His younger See also:

• BROTHER

brother, See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis, was also a distinguished soldier; and his son succeeded to the Irish peerage of Lord Ligonier . See See also:

• COMBES, [JUSTIN LOUIS] SMILE (1835– )

Combes, J . L . Ligonier, une etude (Castres, 1866), and the histories of the 7th Dragoon Guards and Grenadier Guards .