See also:

• LIMBUS (Lat. for " edge," " fringe," e.g. of a garment)

LIMBUS (See also:

• LAT

Lat. for " edge," " fringe," e.g. of a garment)  , a theological See also:

• TERM

term denoting the border of See also:

• HELL (0. Eng. hel, a Teutonic word from a root meaning " to cover," cf. Ger. Holle, Dutch hel)

hell, where dwell those who, while not condemned to See also:

• TORTURE (from Lat. torquere, to twist)

torture, yet are. deprived of the joy of See also:

• HEAVEN (0. Eng. hefen, heofon, heofone; this word appears in O.S. hevan; the High. Ger. word appears in Ger. Himmel, Dutch hemel; there does not seem to be any connexion between the two words, and the ultimate derivation of the word is unknown; the sugges

heaven . The more See also:

• COMMON

common See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form in See also:

• ENGLISH

English is " limbo," which is used both in the technical theological sense and derivaa tively in the sense of " See also:

• PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison," or for the See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition of being lost, deserted, obsolete . In See also:

• THEOLOGY

theology there are (I) the Limbos Infantum, and (2) the See also:

• LIMBUS (Lat. for " edge," " fringe," e.g. of a garment)

Limbus Patrum . 1 . The Limbus Infantum or Puerorum is the See also:

• ABODE (from " abide," to dwell, properly " to wait for ," to bide)

abode to which human beings dying without actual See also:

• SIN
• SIN (O. Eng. syn: a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zonde, Ger. Siinde)

sin, but with their See also:

• ORIGINAL

original Testament were confined until liberated by See also:

• CHRIST (Gr. X pLQTOS, Anointed)
• CHRIST, WILHELM VON (1831-1906)

Christ on his " descent sin unwashed away by See also:

• BAPTISM

baptism, were held to be consigned; the See also:

• CATEGORY (Gr. Karrlyopia, " accusation ")

category included, not unbaptized infants merely, but also idiots, cretins and the like . The word "limbus," in the theological application, occurs first in the Summa of See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas See also:

• AQUINAS, THOMAS [Thomas of AQUIN or AQUINO], (c 1227--1274)

Aquinas; for its extensive currency it is perhaps most indebted. to the Commedia of See also:

• DANTE

Dante (Inf. c . 4) . The question as to the destiny of infants dying unbaptized presented itself to theologians at a comparatively See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period . Generally speaking it may be said that the See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek fathers inclined to a cheerful and the Latin fathers to a gloomy view . Thus See also:

• GREGORY
• GREGORY (Gregorius)
• GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
• GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
• GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
• GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NYSSA (c.331—c. 396)
• GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)

Gregory of Nazianzus (Oral . 40) says " that such See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children as See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

die unbaptized without their own See also:

• FAULT (Mid. Eng. faute, through the French, from the popular Latin use of fallere, to fail; the originallof the Latin being replaced in English in the 15th century)

fault shall neither be glorified nor punished by the righteous See also:

• JUDGE (Lat. judex, Fr. juge)

Judge, as having done no wickedness, though they die unbaptized, and as rather suffering loss than being the authors of it." Similar opinions were expressed by Gregory of Nyssa, See also:

• SEVERUS
• SEVERUS, SULPICIUS (c. 363–c. 425)

Severus of See also:

• ANTIOCH

Antioch and others—opinions which it is almost impossible to distinguish from the Pelagian view that children dying unbaptized might be admitted to eternal See also:

• LIFE

life, though not to the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom of See also:

• GOD

God . In his recoil from Pelagian See also:

• HERESY

heresy, See also:

• AUGUSTINE, SAINT (354-430)
• AUGUSTINE, SAINT (d. c.613)

Augustine was compelled to sharpen the See also:

• ANTITHESIS (the Greek for " setting opposite ")

antithesis between the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of the saved and that of the lost, and taught that there are only two alternatives—to be with Christ or with the See also:

• DEVIL (Gr. &a,3oXos, " slanderer," from &ctflisXX sty, to slander)

devil, to be with Him or against Him .

Following up, as he thought, his See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master's teaching, See also:

• FULGENTIUS, FABIUS PLANCIADES

Fulgentius declared that it is to be believed as an indubitable truth that, " not only men who have come to the use of See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason, but infants dying, whether in their See also:

• MOTHER

mother's womb or after See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth, without baptism in the name of the See also:

• FATHER

Father, Son and See also:

• HOLY

Holy See also:

• GHOST (a word common to the W. Teutonic languages; O.E. vest, Dutch, 'geest, Ger. Geist)

Ghost, are punished with See also:

• EVERLASTING, or IMMORTELLE

everlasting See also:

• PUNISHMENT (from Lat. punire, to punish, from poena, punishment, Gr. 7rocvil)

punishment in eternal See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire." Later theologians and schoolmen followed Augustine in rejecting the notion of any final position inter-mediate between heaven and hell, but otherwise inclined to take the mildest possible view of the destiny of the irresponsible and unbaptized . Thus the proposition of See also:

• INNOCENT (INNOCENTIUS)
• INNOCENT (POPES)

Innocent III. that " the punishment of original sin is deprivation of the See also:

• VISION (from Lat. videre, to see), or SIGHT

vision of God " is practically repeated by Aquinas, Scotus, and all the other See also:

• GREAT

great theologians of the scholastic period, the only outstanding exception being that of Gregory of See also:

• RIMINI

Rimini, who on this See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account was afterwards called " tortor infantum." The first authoritative See also:

• DECLARATION (from Lat. declarare, to make fully clear, clams)

declaration of the Latin See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church upon this subject was that made by the second See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of See also:

• LYONS
• LYONS (Fr. Lyon)
• LYONS, COUNCILS OF
• LYONS, EDMUND LYONS, BARON (1790-1858)
• LYONS, RICHARD BICKERTON PEMELL LYONS, 1ST EARL (1817–1887)

Lyons (1274), and confirmed by the council of See also:

• FLORENCE
• FLORENCE (Ital. Firenze, Lat. Florentia)

Florence (1439), with the concurrence of the representatives of the Greek Church, to the effect that " the souls of those who die in mortal sin or in original sin only forthwith descend into hell, but to be punished with unequal punishments." See also:

• PERRONE, GIOVANNI (1794–1876)

Perrone remarks (Pred . Theel. pt. iii. See also:

• CHAP

chap . 6, See also:

• ART

art . 4) that the damnation of infants and also the See also:

• COMPARATIVE

comparative lightness of.the punishment involved in this are thus de fide; but nothing is determined as to the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place which they occupy in hell, as to what constitutes the disparity of their punishment, or as to their condition after the See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day of See also:

• JUDGMENT

judgment . In the council of See also:

• TRENT
• TRENT (Lat. Tridentum; Ital. Trento; Ger. relent)
• TRENT, COUNCIL OF

Trent there was considerable difference of See also:

• OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

opinion as to what was implied in deprivation of the vision of God, and no See also:

• DEFINITION (Lat. definitio, from de-finire, to set limits to, describe)

definition was attempted, the See also:

• DOMINICANS

Dominicans maintaining the severer view that the " limbus infantum" was a dark subterranean fireless chamber, while the See also:

• FRANCISCANS (otherwise called Friars Minor, or Minorites; also the Seraphic Order ; and in England Grey Friars, from the colour of the habit, which, however, is now brown rather than grey)

Franciscans placed it in a region of See also:

• LIGHT

light above the See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

earth . Some theologians continue to maintain with See also:

• BELLARMINE (Ital. Bellarmino), ROBERTO FRANCESCO ROMOLO (1542-1621)

Bellarmine that the infants " in limbo " are affected with some degree of sadness on account of a See also:

• FELT (cognate with Ger. Filz, Du. vilt, Swed. and Dan. fill; the root is unknown; the word has given Med. Lat. filtrum, " filter ")

felt privation; others, following the Nod us praedestinationis of See also:

• CELESTINE (CAELESTINUS)
• CELESTINE, or CELESTITE

Celestine Sfrondati (1649-1696), hold that they enjoy every See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of natural felicity, as regards their souls now, and as regards their bodies after the resurrection, just as if See also:

• ADAM
• ADAM (or ADAN) DE LE HALE (died c. 1288)
• ADAM, ALEXANDER (1741–1809)
• ADAM, JULIETTE (1836– )
• ADAM, LAMBERT SIGISBERT (1700-1759)
• ADAM, MELCHIOR (d. 1622)
• ADAM, PAUL (1862– )
• ADAM, ROBERT (1728—1792)
• ADAM, SIR FREDERICK (1781-1853)
• ADAM, WILLIAM (1751-1839)

Adam had not sinned . In the condemnation (1794) of the See also:

• SYNOD
• SYNOD (Gr. vbvobos)

synod of See also:

• PISTOIA
• PISTOIA, SYNOD OF

Pistoia (1786), the twenty-See also:

• SIXTH

sixth See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article declares it to be false, rash and injurious to treat as Pelagian the See also:

• DOCTRINE

doctrine that those dying in original sin are not punished with fire, as if that meant that there is an intermediate place, See also:

• FREE

free from fault and punishment, between the kingdom of God and everlasting damnation . 2 . The Limbus Patrum, Limbus Inferni or Sinus Abrahae (" See also:

• ABRAHAM, or ABRAM (Hebrew for " father is high ")

Abraham's Bosom "), is defined in See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic theology as the place in the underworld where the See also:

• SAINTS, BATTLE OF THE

saints of the Old into hell." Regarding the locality and its pleasantness or painfulness nothing has been taught as de fide . It is sometimes regarded as having been closed and empty since Christ's descent, but other authors do not think of it as See also:

• SEPARATE

separate in place from the limbus infantum . The whole See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea, in the Latin Church, has been justly described as the See also:

• MERE
• MERE, ADALBERT (1838-1909)

mere caput mortuum of the old catholic doctrine of Hades, which was gradually superseded in the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West by that of See also:

• PURGATORY (Late Lat. purgatorium, from purgare, to purge)

purgatory .