See also:

• LINLITHGOWSHIRE, or WEST LOTHIAN

LINLITHGOWSHIRE, or See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

WEST See also:

• LOTHIAN

LOTHIAN  , a See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-eastern See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county of See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland, bounded N. by the See also:

• FIRTH, CHARLES HARDING (1857– )
• FIRTH, MARK (1819-1880)

Firth of Forth, E. and S.E. by See also:

• EDINBURGHSHIRE, or MIDLOTHIAN

Edinburghshire, S.W. by See also:

• LANARKSHIRE

Lanarkshire and N.W. by See also:

• STIRLINGSHIRE

Stirlingshire . It has an See also:

• AREA

area of 76,861 acres, or 120 sq. m., and a See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast See also:

• LINE

line of 17 M . The See also:

• SURFACE

surface rises very gradually from the Firth to the hilly See also:

• DISTRICT

district in the south . A few See also:

• MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles from the Forth a valley stretches from See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east to See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west . Between the county See also:

• TOWN

town and See also:

• BATHGATE

Bathgate are several hills, the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief being Knock (1017 ft.), Cairnpapple, or Cairnnaple (1000), Cocklerue (said to be a corruption of Cuckold-le-Roi, 912), Riccarton Hills (832) terminating eastwards in Binny See also:

• CRAIG, JOHN (1512 ?-1600)
• CRAIG, SIR THOMAS (c. 1538–1608)

Craig, a striking See also:

• EMINENCE (Lat. eminentia)

eminence similar to those of See also:

• STIRLING
• STIRLING, JAMES (1692-1770)
• STIRLING, JAMES HUTCHISON (182o-1909)
• STIRLING, MARY ANNE [FANNY] (1815-1895)
• STIRLING, WILLIAM ALEXANDER, (titular) EARL OF (1726—1783)
• STIRLING, WILLIAM ALEXANDER, EARL OF (c. 1567-1640)

Stirling and See also:

• EDINBURGH

Edinburgh, Torphichen Hills (777) and Bowden (749) . In the coast district a few bold rocks are found, such as Dalmeny, Dundas (well wooded and with a precipitous front), the Binns and a rounded eminence of 559 ft. named Glower-o'er-'em or Bonnytoun, bearing on its See also:

• SUMMIT

summit a See also:

• MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument to See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

General See also:

• ADRIAN
• ADRIAN, SAINT

Adrian See also:

• HOPE, ANTHONY
• HOPE, THOMAS (c. 1770-1831)

Hope, who See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell in the See also:

• INDIAN

Indian See also:

• MUTINY
• MUTINY (from an old verb " mutine," O. Fr. mutin, meutin, a sedition; cf. mod. Fr. emeute; the original is the Late Lat. mota, commotion, from movere, to move)

Mutiny . The See also:

• RIVER

river See also:

• ALMOND (from the O. Fr. almande or alemande, late Lat. amandola, derived through a form amingdola from the Gr. l uybian, an almond; the al- for a- is probably due to a confusion with the Arabic article al, the word having first dropped the a- as in the It

Almond, rising in Lanarkshire and pursuing a See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north-easterly direction, enters the Firth at Cramond after a course of 24 m., during a See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• PART

part of which it forms the boundary between West and See also:

• MID

Mid See also:

• LOTHIAN

Lothian . Its right-See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand tributary, Breich See also:

• WATER

Water, constitutes another portion of the line dividing the same counties . The See also:

• AVON

Avon, rising in the detached portion of See also:

• DUMBARTONSHIRE

Dumbartonshire, flows eastwards across south Stirlingshire and then, following in the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main a northerly direction, passes the county town on the west and reaches the Firth about midway between See also:

• GRANGEMOUTH

Grangemouth and Bo'ness, having served as the boundary of Stirlingshire, during rather more than the latter See also:

• HALF

half of its course . The only See also:

• LOCH, HENRY BROUGHAM LOCH, 1ST BARON (1827-1900)

loch is See also:

• LINLITHGOW
• LINLITHGOW, JOHN ADRIAN LOUIS HOPE, 1ST MARQUESS

Linlithgow See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

Lake (102 acres), immediately adjoining the county town on the north, a favourite resort of curlers and skaters . It is to ft. deep at the east end and 48 ft. at the west . Eels, See also:

• PERCH (through Fr. from Lat. perca, Gr. 7rEpKo; the last word is connected with 2repev6r, dark-coloured, spotted)
• PERCH (through Fr. perche from Lat. pertica, a pole or rod used for measurement)

perch and braise (a See also:

• SPECIES

species of See also:

• ROACH (Leuciscus rulilus)

roach) are abundant .

See also:

• GEOLOGY (from Gr. yp7, the earth, and Abyor, science)

Geology.—The rocks of See also:

• LINLITHGOWSHIRE, or WEST LOTHIAN

Linlithgowshire belong almost without exception to the Carboniferous See also:

• SYSTEM

system . At the See also:

• BASE

base is the Calciferous See also:

• SANDSTONE

Sandstone See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series, most of which lies between the Bathgate Hills and the eastern boundary of the county . In this series are the See also:

• QUEENSFERRY

Queensferry See also:

• LIMESTONE

limestone, the See also:

• EQUIVALENT

equivalent of the Burdiehouse limestone of Edinburgh, and the Binny sandstone See also:

• GROUP

group with shales and See also:

• CLAYS, PAUL JEAN (1819-1900)

clays and the See also:

• HOUSTON
• HOUSTON, SAM, or SAMUEL (1793-1863)

Houston See also:

• COAL

coal See also:

• BED
• BED (a common Teutonic word, cf. German Bett, probably connected with the Indo-European root bhodh, seen in the Lat. fodere, to dig; so " a dug-out place " for safe resting, or in the same sense as a garden " bed ")

bed . At more than one See also:

• HORIZON (Gr. 6pfTwv, dividing)

horizon in this series oil shales are found . The Bathgate Hills are formed of basaltic lavas and tuffs—an interbedded volcanic group possibly 2000 ft. thick in the Calciferous Sandstone and Carboniferous Limestone series . A See also:

• PECULIAR

peculiar serpentinous variety of the prevailing See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

rock ,is quarried at See also:

• BLACKBURN
• BLACKBURN, COLIN BLACKBURN, BARON (1813-1896)
• BLACKBURN, JONATHAN (c. 1700-c. 1765)

Blackburn for See also:

• OVEN (O. Eng. of n,Ger. Ofen, cf. Gr. Irvin, oven)

oven floors; it is known as " lakestone." Binns See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

Hill is the site of one of the volcanic cones of the See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period . The Carboniferous Limestone series consists of an upper and See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low& limestone group—including the Petershill, See also:

• INDEX

Index, Dykeneuk and Craigenbuck limestones—and a See also:

• MIDDLE

middle group of shales, ironstones and coals; the Smithy, See also:

• EASTER

Easter Main, Foul, Red and Splint coals belong to this horizon . Above the Carboniferous Limestone ,the Millstone grit series crops in a See also:

• BELT (a word common to Teutonic languages, the Old Ger. form being bale, from which the Lat. balteus probably derived)
• BELT, THOMAS (1832-1878)

belt which may be traced from the mouth of the Avon southwards to Whitburn . This is followed by .the true coal-See also:

• MEASURES

measures with the Boghead or Torbanehill coal, the Colinburn, Main, See also:

• BALL (in Mid. Eng. bal; the word is probably cognate with " bale," Teutonic in origin, cf. also Lat. falls, and Gr. 7raXXa)
• BALL, JOHN (1585-1640)
• BALL, JOHN (1818-1889)
• BALL, JOHN (d. 1381)
• BALL, SIR ALEXANDER JOHN, BART
• BALL, THOMAS (1819- )

Ball, See also:

• MILL
• MILL (O. Eng. mylen, later myln, or miln, adapted from the late Lat. molina, cf. Fr. moulin, from Lat. mola, a mill, molere, to grind; from the same root, mol, is derived " meal;" the word appears in other Teutonic languages, cf. Du. molen, Ger. muhle)
• MILL, JAMES (1773-1836)
• MILL, JOHN (c. 1645–1707)
• MILL, JOHN STUART (1806-1873)

Mill and Upper Cannel or See also:

• SHOTTS

Shotts get_ coals of Armadale, Torbanehill and Fauldhouse . See also:

• CLIMATE

Climate and See also:

• AGRICULTURE
• AGRICULTURE (from Lat. ages, field, and colere, to cultivate)
• AGRICULTURE, BOARD OF

Agriculture.—The See also:

• AVERAGE

average rainfall for the See also:

• YEAR

year is 29.9 in., and the average temperature 47.5° F . (See also:

• JANUARY

January 38° F.; See also:

• JULY

July 59.5° F.) . More than three-fourths of the county, the agriculture of which is highly See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed, is under cultivation .

The best See also:

• LAND

land is found along the coast, as at Carriden and Dalmeny . The farming is mostly arable, permanent pasture being practically stationary (at about 22,000 acres) . Oats is the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal See also:

• GRAIN (derived through the French from Lat. granum, seed, from an Aryan root meaning " to wear down," which also appears in the common Teutonic word " corn ")

grain See also:

• CROP (a word common. in various forms, such as Germ. Kropf, to many Teutonic languages for a swelling, excrescence, round head or top of anything; it appears also in Romanic languages derived from Teutonic, in Fr. as troupe, whence the English " crupper "

crop, but See also:

• BARLEY (Hordeum sativum)

barley and See also:

• WHEAT
• WHEAT (Triticum)

wheat are also cultivated . Farms between too and 300 acres are the most See also:

• COMMON

common . Turnips and potatoes are the leading See also:

• GREEN, A
• GREEN, ALEXANDER HENRY (1832—1896)
• GREEN, DUFF (1791—1875)
• GREEN, JOHN RICHARD (1837—1883)
• GREEN, MATTHEW (1696-1737)
• GREEN, THOMAS HILL (1836-1882)
• GREEN, VALENTINE (1739–1813)
• GREEN, WILLIAM HENRY (.1825–1900)

green crops . Much land has been reclaimed; the See also:

• PARISH (Gr. irapouda, district, neighbourhood; 7r&poucos, one dwelling near or beside, from crap&, OtKOS, house; Lat. paroecur, Late Lat. parochia; cf. Fr. paroisse)

parish of See also:

• LIVINGSTON, EDWARD (1764–1836)
• LIVINGSTON, ROBERT R
• LIVINGSTON, WILLIAM (1723-1790)

Livingston, for example, which in the beginning of the 18th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century was covered with See also:

• HEATH
• HEATH, BENJAMIN (1704-1766)
• HEATH, WILLIAM (1737—1814)

heath and See also:

• JUNIPER

juniper, is now under rotation . In Torphichen and Bathgate, however, patches of See also:

• PEAT (possibly connected with Med. Lat. petia, pecia, piece, ultimately of Celtic origin; cf. O. Celt. pet, O. Ir. pit, Welsh peth, portion)

peat See also:

• MOSS

moss and swamp occur, and in the south there are extensive See also:

• MOORS (Lat. Mauri; Gr. Mavpot, dark men)
• MOORS, KABYLES, MZABITES

moors at Fauldhouse and Polkemmet . Live stock does not See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count for so much in West Lothian as in other Scottish counties, though a considerable number of See also:

• CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle are fattened and See also:

• DAIRY

dairy farming is followed success-fully, the fresh See also:

• BUTTER (Lat. butyrum, Gr. 0obrvpov, apparently connected with $ous, cow, and rvpbs, cheese, but, according to the New English Dictionary, perhaps of Scythian origin)

butter and See also:

• MILK (0. Eng. meoluc; from a common Indo-European root, cf. Lat. mulgere, Gr. ?t dXyetv)

milk finding a See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market in Edinburgh . There is some See also:

• SHEEP
• SHEEP (from the Anglo-Saxon sceap, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages; e.g. the German Schaf)

sheep-farming, and horses and pigs are reared . The wooded land occurs principally in the parks and " policies " surrounding the many noblemen's mansions and private estates . Other See also:

• INDUSTRIES

Industries.—The shale-oil See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade flourishes at Bathgate, Broxburn, Armadale, Uphall, Winchburgh, Philpstoun and Dalmeny . There are important See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron-See also:

• WORKS

works with blast furnaces at Bo'ness, Kiiineil, Whitburn and Bathgate, and coal is also largely See also:

• MINED

mined at these places .

Coal-See also:

• MINING

mining is supposed to have been followed since See also:

• ROMAN

Roman times, and the earliest document extant regarding coalpits in Scotland is a See also:

• CHARTER (Lat. charta, carta, from Gr. Xap-rns, originally for papyrus, material for writing, thence transferred to paper and from this material to the document, in O. Eng. boc, book)

charter granted about the end of the 12th century to See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William Oldbridge of Carriden . See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

Fire-See also:

• CLAY (from O. Eng. claeg, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Klei)
• CLAY, CASSIUS MARCELLUS (1810-1903)
• CLAY, CHARLES (1801–1893)
• CLAY, FREDERIC (1838–1889)
• CLAY, HENRY (1777–1852)

clay is extensively worked in connexion with the coal, and ironstone employs many hands . Limestone, freestone and whinstone are all quarried . Binny See also:

• FREE

free-See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone was used for the Royal Institution and the See also:

• NATIONAL

National See also:

• GALLERY (through Ital. galleria, from Med. Lat. galeria, of which the origin is unknown)

Gallery in Edinburgh, and many important buildings in See also:

• GLASGOW

Glasgow . Some fishing is carried on from Queensferry, and Bo'ness is the principal See also:

• PORT

port . Communications.—The North See also:

• BRITISH

British Railway See also:

• COMPANY

Company's line from Edinburgh to Glasgow runs across the north of the county, it controls the approaches to the Forth See also:

• BRIDGE

Bridge, and serves the See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich See also:

• MINERAL

mineral district around See also:

• AIRDRIE

Airdrie and See also:

• COATBRIDGE

Coatbridge in Lanarkshire via Bathgate . The Caledonian Railway Company's line from Glasgow to Edinburgh touches the extreme south of the See also:

• SHIRE

shire . The See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

Union See also:

• CANAL
• CANAL (from Lat. canalis, " channel " and " kennel " being doublets of the word)

Canal, constructed in 1818-1822 to connect Edinburgh with the Forth and See also:

• CLYDE (Welsh, Clwyd, " far heard," " strong," the Glotta of Tacitus)
• CLYDE, COLIN CAMPBELL, BARON (1792-1863)

Clyde Canal near Camelon in Stirlingshire, crosses the county, roughly following the N.B.R. line to See also:

• FALKIRK

Falkirk . The Union Canal, which is 31 M. See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long and belongs to the North British railway, is carried across the Almond and Avon on aqueducts designed by See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas See also:

• TELFORD, THOMAS (1757—.1834)

Telford, and near Falkirk is conveyed through a See also:

• TUNNEL (Fr. tonne!, later tonneau, a diminutive from Low Lat. tonna, tunna, a tun, cask)

tunnel 2100 ft. long . See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

Population and See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

Administration.—In 1891 the population amounted to 52,808, and in 1901 to 65,708, showing an increase of 24.43% in the decennial period, the highest of any Scottish county for that See also:

• DECADE (from Gr. Oka, ten)

decade, and a See also:

• DENSITY (Lat. densus, thick)

density of 547 persons to the sq. m . In 1901 five persons spoke Gaelic only, and 575 Gaelic and See also:

• ENGLISH

English . The chief towns, with populations in 1901, are Bathgate (7549), Borrowstounness (9306), Broxburn (7099) and Linlithgow (4279) .

The shire returns one member to See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament . Linlithgowshire is part of the sheriffdom of the Lothians and See also:

• PEEBLES

Peebles, and a See also:

• RESIDENT

resident See also:

• SHERIFF

sheriff-substitute sits at Linlithgow and Bathgate . The county is under school-See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board See also:

• JURISDICTION
• JURISDICTION, CRIMINAL LAW, DIVORCE

jurisdiction, and there are See also:

• ACADEMIES

academies at Linlithgow, Bathgate and Bo'ness . The See also:

• LOCAL

local authorities entrust the bulk of the " See also:

• RESIDUE (through the French, from the Lat. residuum, a remainder, from residere, to remain)

residue " See also:

• GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
• GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
• GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
• GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
• GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
• GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
• GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
• GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
• GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
• GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
• GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
• GRANT, U
• GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)

grant to the County Secondary See also:

• EDUCATION

Education See also:

• COMMITTEE (from commute, an Anglo-Fr. past participle of commettre, Lat. committere, to entrust; the modern Fr. equivalent comite is derived from the Eng.)

Committee, which subsidizes elementary technical classes (See also:

• COOKERY (Lat. coquus, a cook)

cookery, See also:

• LAUNDRY

laundry and dairy) and See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science and See also:

• ART

art and technological classes, including their equipment . See also:

• HISTORY

History.—Traces of the Pictish inhabitants still exist . Near Inveravon is an See also:

• ACCUMULATION (from Lat. accumulare, to heap up)

accumulation of shells—mostly oysters, which have long ceased to be found so far up the Forth--considered by geologists to be a natural bed, but pronounced by antiquaries to be a See also:

• KITCHEN (O.E. cycene; this and other cognate forms, such as Dutch keuken, Ger. Kiuche, Dan. kokken, Fr. cuisine, are formed from the Low Lat. cucina, Lat. coquina, coquere, to cook)

kitchen midden . Stone cists have been discovered at Carlowrie, Dalmeny, Newliston and elsewhere; on Cairnnaple is a circular structure of remote but unknown date; and at Kipps is a cromlech that was once surrounded by stones . The See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

wall of See also:

• ANTONINUS, SAINT ANTONIO PIEROZZI

Antoninus lies for several miles in the shire . The See also:

• DISCOVERY

discovery of a See also:

• FINE

fine legionary tablet at Bridgeness in 1868 is held by some to be conclusive See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence that the great rampart terminated at that point and not at Carriden . Roman campscan be distinguished at several, spots . On the hill of Bowden is an earthwork, which J . See also:

• STUART, ARABELLA (1575-1615)
• STUART, GILBERT (1755-x828)
• STUART, JAMES EWELL BROWN (1833-1864)
• STUART, JOHN
• STUART, MOSES (1780-1852)
• STUART, SIR JOHN, COUNT

Stuart Glennie and others connect with the struggle of the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient Britons against the See also:

• SAXONS

Saxons of See also:

• NORTHUMBRIA (regnum Northanhymbrorum)

Northumbria .

The See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical associations of the county mainly cluster See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round the town of Linlithgow (q.v.) . Kingscavil (pop . 629) disputes with Stonehouse in Lanarkshire the See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour of being the birthplace of See also:

• PATRICK, SIMON (1626–1707)
• PATRICK, ST

Patrick See also:

• HAMILTON
• HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
• HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
• HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
• HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
• HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
• HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
• HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
• HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
• HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
• HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
• HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)

Hamilton, the See also:

• MARTYR (Gr. pimp or µaprvs)

martyr (15o4-1528) . See See also:

• SIR

Sir R . See also:

• SIBBALD, SIR ROBERT (1641-1722)

Sibbald, History of the Sheriffdoms of Linlithgow and Stirlingshire (Edinburgh, 1710) G . Waldie, Walks along the See also:

• NORTHERN

Northern Roman Wall (Linlithgow, 1883); R . J . H . See also:

• CUNNINGHAM, ALEXANDER (c.1655-173o)
• CUNNINGHAM, ALLAN (1784-1842)
• CUNNINGHAM, WILLIAM (1805-1861)

Cunningham, Geology of the Lothians (Edinburgh, 1838) .