O See also:

• O LINNET

LINNET  . Eng . Linete and Linet-wige, whence seems to have been corrupted the old Scottish " Lintquhit," and the See also:

• MODERN

modern See also:

• NORTHERN

northern See also:

• ENGLISH

English "Lintwhite"—originally a somewhat generalized See also:

• BIRD

bird's name, but latterly specialized for the Fringilla cannabina of See also:

• LINNAEUS

Linnaeus, the Linota cannabina of See also:

• RECENT

recent ornithologists . This is a See also:

• COMMON

common See also:

• SONG

song-bird, frequenting almost the whole of See also:

• EUROPE

Europe See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south of See also:

• LAT

lat . 640, and in See also:

• ASIA

Asia extending to See also:

• TURKESTAN
• TURKESTAN, or HAZRET

Turkestan . It is known as a See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter visitant to See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt and See also:

• ABYSSINIA (officially ETHIOPIA)

Abyssinia, and is abundant at all seasons in See also:

• BARBARY

Barbary, as well as in the Canaries and See also:

• MADEIRA
• MADEIRA, or THE MADE1RAS

Madeira . Though the fondness of this See also:

• SPECIES

species for the seeds of See also:

• FLAX

flax (Linum) and See also:

• HEMP (in O. Eng. henep, cf. Dutch hennep, Ger. Hanf , cognate with Gr. Kavval3er, Lat. cannabis)

hemp (Cannabis) has given it its common name in so many See also:

• EUROPEAN

European See also:

• LANGUAGES

languages,' it feeds largely, if not chiefly in See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain on the seeds of See also:

• PLANTS

plants of the See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order See also:

• COMPOSITAE

Compositae, especially those growing on heaths and See also:

• COMMONS

commons . As these See also:

• WASTE (O. Fr. wast, guast, gast, gaste; Lat. vastus, vast, desolate)

waste places have been gradually brought under the plough, in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England and See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland particularly, the haunts and means of subsistence of the See also:

• LINNET, O

linnet have been curtailed, and hence its See also:

• NUMBERS, BOOK OF
• NUMBERS, PARTITION OF

numbers have undergone a very visible diminution throughout See also:

• GREAT

Great Britain . According to its See also:

• SEX (Lat. sexes; possibly connected with secure, to cut)

sex, or the See also:

• SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season of the See also:

• YEAR

year, it is known as the red, See also:

• GREY, CHARLES GREY, 2ND EARL (1764-1845)
• GREY, HENRY GREY, 3RD EARL (1802-1894)
• GREY, LADY JANE (1537-1554)
• GREY, SIR EDWARD
• GREY, SIR GEORGE (1812–1898)

grey or See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

brown linnet, and by the earlier English writers on birds, as well as'in many localities at the See also:

• PRESENT

present See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, these names have been held to distinguish at least two species; but there is now no question among ornithologists on this point, though the conditions under which the See also:

• BRIGHT, JOHN (1811-188g)
• BRIGHT, SIR CHARLES TILSTON

bright See also:

• CRIMSON

crimson-red colouring of the See also:

• BREAST (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. the Ger. Brust, possibly connected with an O. Sax. brustian, to bud)

breast and See also:

• CROWN

crown of the See also:

• COCK, EDWARD (1805-1892)

cock's See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring and summer plumage is donned and doffed may still be open to discussion . Its intensity seems due, however, in some degree at least, to the weathering of the brown fringes of the feathers which hide the more brilliant See also:

• HUE

hue, and in the See also:

• ATLANTIC

Atlantic islands examples are said to retain their See also:

• GAY, JOHN (1685-1732)
• GAY, MARIE FRANCOISE SOPHIE (1776-1852)
• GAY, WALTER (1856– )

gay tints all the year See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round, while throughout Europe there is scarcely a trace of them visible in autumn and winter; but, beginning to appear in spring, they reach their greatest brilliancy towards midsummer; they are never assumed by examples in confinement . The linnet begins to breed in See also:

• APRIL

April, the See also:

• NEST

nest being generally placed in a See also:

• BUSH

bush at no great distance from the ground . It is nearly always a neat structure composed of See also:

• FINE

fine twigs, roots or bents, and lined with See also:

• WOOL, WORSTED AND WOOLLEN MANUFACTURES

wool or See also:

• HAIR (a word common to Teutonic languages)

hair .

The eggs, often six in number, are of a very See also:

• PALE (through Fr. pal, from Lat. palms, a stake, for paglus, from the stem pag- of pangere, to fix; " pole " is from the same original source)

pale See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

blue marked with reddish or purplish brown . Two broods seem to be common in the course of the season, and towards the end of summer the birds—the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young greatly preponderating in number—collect in large flocks and move to the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea-See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast, whence a large See also:

• PRO

pro-portion depart for more See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern latitudes . Of these emigrants some return the following spring, and are recognizable by the more advanced See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of their plumage, the effect presumably of having wintered in countries enjoying a brighter and hotter See also:

• SUN
• SUN (0. Eng. sonne, Ger. sonne. Fr. soleil, Lat. sol, Gr. ijXior, from which comes helio- in various English compounds)

sun . Nearly allied to the foregoing species is the twite, so named from its See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary See also:

• CALL (from Anglo-Saxon ceallian, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch kallen, to talk or chatter)

call-See also:

• NOTE
• NOTE (Lat. nota, mark, sign, from noscere, to know)

note, or See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

mountain-linnet, the Linota flavirostris, or L. montium of ornithologists, which can be distinguished by its yellow See also:

• BILL

bill, longer tail and reddish-tawny See also:

• THROAT (O. Eng. protu, prote or }Prota, possibly from preotan, to press, whence threat, or, with loss of initial s, connected with strut, to swell)

throat . This bird never assumes any crimson on the crown or breast, but the male has the rump at all times tinged more or ' E.g . Fr . Linotte, Ger . Hanfling, Swed . See also:

• HAM

Ham piing.less with that See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour . In Great Britain in the breeding-season it seems to affect exclusively hilly and moorland districts from See also:

• HEREFORDSHIRE

Herefordshire northward, in which it partly or wholly replaces the common linnet, but is very much more See also:

• LOCAL

local in its See also:

• DISTRIBUTION (Lat. distribuere, to deal out)

distribution, and, except in the See also:

• BRITISH

British Islands and some parts of Scandinavia, it only appears as an irregular visitant in winter . At that season it may, however, be found in large flocks in the See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low-lying countries, and as regards England even on the sea-See also:

• SHORE

shore . In Asia it seems to be represented by a kindred See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form L. brevirostris .

The redpolls form a little See also:

• GROUP

group placed by many authorities in the genus Linota, to which they are unquestionably closely allied, and, as stated elsewhere (see See also:

• FINCH
• FINCH (Ger. Fink, Lat. Fringilla)

FINCH), the linnets seem to be related to the birds of the genus Leucosticte, the species of which inhabit the northern parts of See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North-See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West See also:

• AMERICA

America and of Asia . L. tephrocotis is generally of a See also:

• CHOCOLATE

chocolate colour, tinged on some parts with pale crimson or See also:

• PINK

pink, and has the crown of the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head silvery-grey . Another species, L. arctoa, was formerly said to have occurred in North America, but its proper See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home is in the Kurile Islands or See also:

• KAMCHATKA

Kamchatka . This has no red in its plumage . The birds of the genus Leucosticte seem to be more terrestrial in their See also:

• HABIT (through the French from Lat. habitus, from habere, to have, hold, or, in a reflective sense, to be in a certain condition; in many of the English senses the French use habitude, not habit)

habit than those of Linota, perhaps from their having been chiefly observed where trees are scarce; but it is possible that the mutual relationship of the two See also:

• GROUPS
• GROUPS, THEORY

groups is more apparent than real . Allied to Leucosticte is Montifringilla, to which belongs the See also:

• SNOW (in O. Eng. sndw; a common Indo-European word; cf. in Teutonic languages, Ger. Schnee, Du. sneeuw; in Slavonic snieg', Lith. snegas; Gr. vi4a, Lat. nix, nivis, whence the Romanic forms, Ital. neve, Fr. neige, &c.; Ir. and Gael. sneachd; the original

snow-finch of the See also:

• ALPS

Alps, M. nivalis, often mistaken by travellers for the snow-See also:

• BUNTING
• BUNTING (a word of doubtful origin, possibly connected with bunt, to sift, or with the Ger. bunt, of varied colour)
• BUNTING, J
• BUNTING, JABEZ (1779-1858)

bunting, Plectrophanes nivalis . (A .