See also:

• MARTIN (Martinus)
• MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
• MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
• MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
• MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
• MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
• MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
• MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
• MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
• MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
• MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)

MARTIN See also:

• LISTER, JOSEPH LISTER
• MARTIN LISTER (c. 1638-1712)

LISTER (c. 1638-1712)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English naturalist and physician, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Radclive, near See also:

• BUCKINGHAM
• BUCKINGHAM, EARLS, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• BUCKINGHAM, FIRST DUKE
• BUCKINGHAM, GEORGE VILLIERS, 1ST DUKE 0E1
• BUCKINGHAM, GEORGE VILLIERS, 2ND DUKE 0E1 (1628-1687)
• BUCKINGHAM, HENRY STAFFORD, 2ND DUKE OF3 (1454-1483)
• BUCKINGHAM, JAMES SILK (1786-1855)

Buckingham . He was See also:

• NEPHEW

nephew of See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• MATTHEW, GOSPEL OF ST
• MATTHEW, ST (MaOOaior or MarOaIos, probably a shortened form of the Hebrew equivalent to Theodorus)
• MATTHEW, TOBIAS

Matthew See also:

• LISTER, JOSEPH LISTER
• LISTER, MARTIN (c. 1638-1712)

Lister, physician to See also:

• ANNE (1665-1714)
• ANNE (1693-1740)

Anne, See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen of See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James I., and to See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles I . He was educated at St See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John's See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, See also:

• CAMBRIDGE
• CAMBRIDGE, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• CAMBRIDGE, RICHARD OWEN (1717-1802)

Cambridge, 1655, graduated in 168/9, and was elected a See also:

• FELLOW

fellow in 1660 . He became F.R.S. in 1671 . He practised See also:

• MEDICINE

medicine at See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York until 1683, when he removed to See also:

• LONDON

London . In 1684 he received the degree of M.D. at See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford, and in 1687 became F.R.C.P . He contributed numerous articles on natural See also:

• HISTORY

history, medicine and antiquities to the Philosophical Transactions . His See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal See also:

• WORKS

works were Historiae animalium and See also:

• BEETHOVEN, LUDWIG VAN (1770-1827)

Beethoven came to his second See also:

• CONCERT (through the French from Lat. con-, with, and certare, to strive)

concert in See also:

• APRIL

April 1823, During the three years following he played in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French provinces and See also:

• SWITZERLAND

Switzerland, and paid three visits to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England . In Paris he had See also:

• COMPOSITION
• COMPOSITION (Lat. compositio, from componere, to put together)

composition lessons from See also:

• PAER, FERDINANDO (1771-1839)

Paer, and a six months' course of lessons in See also:

• COUNTERPOINT (Lat. contrapunctus, " point counter point," " note against note ")

counterpoint from See also:

• REICHA, ANTON JOSEPH (1770-1836)

Reicha . In the autumn of 1825 the handsome and fascinating enfant gdte of the salons and ateliers —"La Neuvieme Merveille du monde "—had the See also:

• LUCK

luck to get an operetta (See also:

• DON
• DON (anc. Tanais)

Don Sancho) performed three times at the Academie Royale . The See also:

• SCORE (O.E. scor, from sceran, to cut, notch, cf. " shear ")

score was accidentally destroyed by See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire, but a set of studies a la See also:

• CZERNY, KARL (1791–1857)

Czerny and See also:

• CRAMER, JOHANN BAPTIST (1771—1858)
• CRAMER, JOHN ANTONY (1793—1848)
• CRAMER, KARL VON (1818—r9o2)

Cramer, belonging to 1826 and published at See also:

• MARSEILLES

Marseilles as 12 Etudes, op. i., is extant, and shows remarkable precocity . After the See also:

• DEATH

death of his See also:

• FATHER

father in 1828 See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young See also:

• LISZT, FRANZ (1811-1886)

Liszt led the See also:

• LIFE

life of a teacher of the See also:

• PIANOFORTE (Ital. piano, soft, and forte, loud)

pianoforte in Paris, got through a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• DEAL

deal of See also:

• MISCELLANEOUS

miscellaneous See also:

• READING

reading, and See also:

• FELT (cognate with Ger. Filz, Du. vilt, Swed. and Dan. fill; the root is unknown; the word has given Med. Lat. filtrum, " filter ")

felt the See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of the religious, See also:

• LITERARY

literary and See also:

• POLITICAL

political aspirations of the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time .

He attended the meetings of the See also:

• SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

Saint-Simonists, See also:

• LENT (0. Eng. lenclen, " spring," M. Eng. lenten, lente, lent; cf. Dut. lente, Ger. Lenz, " spring," 0. H. Ger. lenzin, lengizin, lenzo, probably from the same root as " long " and referring to " the lengthening days ")

lent an See also:

• EAR (common Teut.; O.E. are, Ger. Ohr, Du. oor, akin to Lat. auris, Gr. ovs)

ear to the romantic See also:

• MYSTICISM (from Or. µuety, to shut the eyes; µuorrts, one initiated into the mysteries)

mysticism of Pere See also:

• ENFANTIN, BARTHELEMY PROSPER (1796—1864)

Enfantin and later to the teaching of See also:

• ABBE (Serbo-Croatian Rai))

Abbe See also:

• LAMENNAIS, HUGUES

Lamennais . He also played Beethoven and See also:

• WEBER, CARL MARIA FRIEDRICH ERNEST VON (1786–1826)
• WEBER, WILHELM EDUARD (1804-1891)

Weber in public—a very courageous thing in those days . The See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance of the violinist See also:

• PAGANINI, NICOLO (1784-1840)

Paganini in Paris, 1831, marks the starting-point of the supreme See also:

• EMINENCE (Lat. eminentia)

eminence Liszt ultimately attained as a virtuoso . Paganini's marvellous technique inspired him to practise as no pianist had ever practised before . He tried to find equivalents for Paganini's effects, transcribed his See also:

• VIOLIN

violin caprices for the piano, and perfected his own technique to an extraordinary degree . After Paganini he received a fresh impulse from the playing and the compositions of See also:

• CHOPIN, FREDERIC FRANCOIS (1810-1849)

Chopin, who arrived in 1831, and yet another impulse of equal force from a performance of See also:

• BERLIOZ, HECTOR (1803-1869)

Berlioz's " Symphonic Fantastique, See also:

• EPISODE

episode de la See also:

• VIE

vie d'un artiste," in 1832 . Liszt transcribed this See also:

• WORK

work, and its influence ultimately led him to the composition of his " Poemes symphoniques " and other examples of orchestral See also:

• PROGRAMME, or PROGRAM

programme-See also:

• MUSIC

music . From 1833 to 1848—when he gave up playing -in public—he was greeted with frantic See also:

• APPLAUSE (Lat. applaudere, to strike upon, clap)

applause as the See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince of pianists . Five years (1835-1840) were spent in Switzerland and See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy, in semi-retirement in the See also:

• COMPANY

company of Madame la comtesse d'See also:

• AGOULT, MARIE CATHERINE SOPHIE DE FLAVIGNY, COMTESSE

Agoult (See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George See also:

• SAND
• SAND, GEORGE (1804-1876)

Sand's friend and would-be See also:

• RIVAL

rival, known in literary circles as " See also:

• DANIEL
• DANIEL (DANIL)
• DANIEL, BOOK
• DANIEL, GABRIEL (1649-1728)

Daniel Stern," by whom Liszt had three See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children, one of them afterwards Frau Cosima See also:

• WAGNER, ADOLF (1835- )
• WAGNER, RUDOLPH (1805-1864)
• WAGNER, WILHELM RICHARD (1813-1883)

Wagner): these years were devoted to further study in playing and composition, and were interrupted only by occasional appearances at See also:

• GENEVA
• GENEVA (Fr. Geneve, Ger. Genf, Ital. Ginevra, Late Lat. Gebenna, though Genava in good Latin)
• GENEVA, LAKE OF

Geneva, See also:

• MILAN
• MILAN (Ital. Milano, Ger. Mailand, anc. Mediolanum, q.v.)

Milan, See also:

• FLORENCE
• FLORENCE (Ital. Firenze, Lat. Florentia)

Florence and See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome, and by See also:

• ANNUAL

annual visits to Paris, when a famous contest with See also:

• THALBERG, SIGISMOND (1812-1871)

Thalberg took See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in 1837 . The See also:

• ENTHUSIASM

enthusiasm aroused by Liszt's playing and his See also:

• PERSONALITY (from Lat. persona, originally an actor's mask, from personare,1 to sound through)

personality—the two are inseparable—reached a See also:

• CLIMAX, JOHN (c. 525–600 A.D.)

climax at See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna and See also:

• BUDAPEST

Budapest in 1839-184o, when he received a patent of See also:

• NOBILITY

nobility from the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor of See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria, and a See also:

• SWORD (0. Eng. sweord; ultimately from an Indo-European root meaning to wound)

sword of See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour from the magnates of See also:

• HUNGARY
• HUNGARY (Hungarian Magyarorszdg)

Hungary in the name of the nation . During the eight years following he was heard at all the principal centres—including London, See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig, See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, See also:

• COPENHAGEN (Danish Kjobenhavn)

Copenhagen, St See also:

• PETERSBURG

Petersburg, See also:

• MOSCOW (Russian Moskva)
• MOSCOW, (Russian Moskva)

Moscow, See also:

• WARSAW
• WARSAW (Polish Warszawa, Ger. Warschau, Fr. Varsovie)

Warsaw, See also:

• CONSTANTINOPLE
• CONSTANTINOPLE, COUNCILS OF

Constantinople, See also:

• LISBON (Lisboa)

Lisbon and See also:

• MADRID

Madrid . He gained much See also:

• MONEY

money, and gave large sums in charity .

His munificence with regard to the Beethoven statue at See also:

• BONN

Bonn made a See also:

• GREAT

great stir . The subscriptions having come in but sparsely, Liszt took the See also:

• MATTER

matter in See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand, and the See also:

• MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument was completed at his expense, and unveiled at a musical festival conducted by See also:

• SPOHR, LUDWIG (1784-1859)

Spohr and himself in 1845 . In 1848 he settled at See also:

• WEIMAR

Weimar with Princess Sayn-See also:

• WITTGENSTEIN, LUDWIG ADOLF PETER, COUNT

Wittgenstein (d . 1887), and remained there till 1861 . During this See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period he acted as conductor at See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court concerts and on See also:

• SPECIAL

special occasions at the See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

theatre, gave lessons to a number of pianists, wrote articles of permanent value on certain works of Berlioz and the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early operas of Wagner, and produced those orchestral and choral pieces upon which his reputation as a composer mainly depends . His ambition to found a school of composers as well as a school of pianists met with See also:

• COMPLETE

complete success on the one hand and partial failure on the other . His efforts on behalf of Wagner, who was then an See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile in Switzerland, culminated in the first performance of See also:

• LOHENGRIN

Lohengrin on the 28th of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 185o, before a special See also:

• AUDIENCE (from Lat. audire, to hear)

audience assembled from far and near . Among the works produced for the first time or rehearsed with a view to the furtherance of musical See also:

• ART

art were Angliae tres tractatus (1678); Historiae Conchyliorum (1685-1692), and Conchyliorum Bivalvium (1696) . As a conchologist he was held in high esteem, but while he recognized the similarity of fossil See also:

• MOLLUSCA

mollusca to living forms, he regarded them as inorganic imitations produced in the rocks . In 1683 he communicated to the Royal Society (Phil . Trans., 1684), An ingenious proposal for a new sort of maps of countries; together with tables of sands and See also:

• CLAYS, PAUL JEAN (1819-1900)

clays, such as are chiefly found in the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north parts of England . In this See also:

• ESSAY, ESSAYIST (Fr. essai, Late Lat. exagium, a weighing or balance; exigere, to examine; the term in general meaning any trial or effort)

essay he suggested the preparation of a See also:

• SOIL

soil or See also:

• MINERAL

mineral See also:

• MAP
• MAP (or MAPES), WALTER (d. c. 1208/9)

map of the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country, and thereby is justly credited with being the first to realize the importance of a See also:

• GEOLOGICAL

geological survey .

He died at See also:

• EPSOM

Epsom on the 2nd of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1712 .