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EARLS LIVERPOOL

Online Encyclopedia
Originally appearing in Volume V16, Page 804 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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EARLS

LIVERPOOL  OF—LIVERPOOL Powers 7648—1783 (1785) . His Coins of the
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Realm was reprinted by the
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Bank of England in 1880 . His son, ROBERT BANKS JENKINSON, 2nd
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earl (1770-1828), was educated at
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Charterhouse and at Christ Church, Oxford, where he had George Canning; afterwards his close
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political associate, for a contemporary . In 1790 he entered parliament as member for
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Appleby; he became master of the mint in 1799 and
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foreign secretary in Addington's administration in 1801, when he conducted the negotiations for the abortive treaty of
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Amiens . On the accession of Pitt to power in 1804, he obtained the home office, having in the previous
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year been elevated as Baron Hawkesbury to the House of Lords, where he acted as leader of the government . He declined the premiership on the
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death of Pitt in 18o6, and remained out of office until Portland became prime minister in 1807, when he again became secretary of state for home affairs . In 18o8 he succeeded his
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father as earl of Liverpool . In the
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ministry of Spencer Perceval (1809—1812) he was secretary for war and the colonies . After the assassination of Perceval in May 1812 he became prime minister, and retained office till compelled in
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February 1827 to resign by the illness (paralysis) which terminated his
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life on the 4th of December 1828 . The political career of the 2nd Lord Liverpool was of a negative character so far as legislation was concerned; but he held office in years of
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great danger and depression, during which he " kept order among his colleagues, composed their quarrels, and oiled the wheels to make it possible for the machinery of government to
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work" (Spencer Walpole) . The energy of Castlereagh and Canning secured the success of the foreign policy of his
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cabinet, but in his home policy he was always retrograde . The introduction of the
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bill of pains and penalties against Queen Caroline greatly increased his unpopularity, originated by the severe
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measures of repression employed to quell the general
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distress, which had been created by the excessive taxation which followed the
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Napoleonic
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wars .

Lord Liverpool was destitute of wide sympathies and of true political insight, and his resignation of office was followed almost immediately by the

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complete and permanent reversal of his domestic policy . He was twice married but had no children, and he was succeeded by his
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half-
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brother CHARLES
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CECIL COPE JENKINSON, 3rd earl (1784—1851), who
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left three daughters . The baronetcy then passed to a cousin, and the peerage became
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extinct . But in 1905 the earldom was revived in the person of the 3rd earl's grandson, CECIL GEORGE SABILE FOLJAMBE (1846-1907), who had been a Liberal member of parliament from 188o to 1892, and in 1893 was created Baron Hawkesbury . He was succeeded in 1907 by his son, Arthur (b.187o) . For the life of the 2nd earl see the
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anonymous
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Memoirs of the Public Life and Administration of Liverpool (1827); C . D . Yonge, Life and Administration of the 2nd Earl of Liverpool (1868) ; T . E . Kebbel,
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History of Toryism (1886) ; and
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Sir S . Walpole, History of England, vol. ii . (1890) .

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