EARLS OF See also:LIVERPOOL
.
See also:CHARLES JENKINSON, 1st See also:earl of See also:Liverpool (1729—1808), See also:English statesman, eldest son of See also:Colonel Charles Jenkinson (d
.
1750) and See also:grandson of See also:Sir See also:Robert Jenkinson, See also:Bart., of Walcot, See also:Oxfordshire, was See also:born at See also:Winchester on the 16th of May 1729
.
The See also:family was descended from See also:Anthony Jenkinson (d
.
1611), See also:sea-See also:captain, See also:merchant and traveller, the first Englishman to penetrate into Central See also:Asia
.
Charles was educated at See also:Charterhouse school and University See also:College, See also:- OXFORD
- OXFORD, EARLS OF
- OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
- OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
- OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
- OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
- OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST
Oxford, where he graduated M.A. in 1752
.
In 1761 he entered See also:parliament as member for See also:Cockermouth and was made under-secretary of See also:state by See also:Lord See also:Bute; he won the favour of See also:George III., and when Bute retired Jenkinson became the See also:leader of the " See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king's See also:friends " in the See also:House of See also:Commons
.
In 1763 George See also:Grenville appointed him See also:joint secretary to the See also:treasury; in 1766, after a See also:short retirement, he became a lord of the See also:admiralty and then a lord of the treasury in the See also:Grafton See also:administration; and from 1778 until the See also:close of Lord See also:North's See also:ministry in 1782 he was secretary-at-See also:war
.
From 1786 to 18oI he was See also:president of the See also:board of See also:trade and See also:chancellor of the duchy of See also:Lancaster, and he was popularly regarded as enjoying the confidence of the king to a See also:special degree
.
In 1772 Jenkinson became a privy councillor and See also:vice-treasurer of See also:Ireland, and in 1775 he See also:purchased the lucrative See also:sinecure of clerk of the pells in Ireland and became See also:master of the See also:mint
.
In 1786 he was created See also:Baron Hawkesbury, and ten years later earl of Liverpool
.
He died in See also:London on the 17th of See also:December 18o8
.
Liverpool was twice married: firstly to Amelia (d
.
1770), daughter of See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William See also:Watts, See also:governor of Fort William, See also:Bengal, and secondly to See also:Catherine, daughter of Sir See also:Cecil Bisshoff, Bart., and widow of Sir Charles See also:Cope, Bart.; he had a son by each See also:marriage
.
He wrote several See also:political See also:works, but except his See also:Treatise on the Coins of the See also:Realm (18o5) these are without striking merits
.
They are, Dissertation on the establish-
ment of a See also:national and constitutional force in See also:England See also:independent
of a See also:standing See also:army (1756); Discourse on the conduct of the govern-
ment of See also:Great See also:Britain respecting neutral nations (1758, new ed.,
1837); and Collection of See also:Treaties between Great Britain and other
' This See also:movement was started in 184o by habitues of a See also:Baltimore
(Md.) See also:tavern, who then founded the See also:Washington See also:Temperance
Society (named in See also:honour of George Washington)
.
The movement
spread rapidly in 1841-1843, but by the close of 1843 it had nearly
spent its force
.
The members of the Society made a See also:pledge not to
drink spirituous or See also:malt liquors, See also:wine or See also:cider
.
See also:Women organized
Martha Washington See also:Societies as See also:auxiliary organizations
.
and spread up the slopes beyond the See also:pool, a better state of things began to exist
.
The older parts of the See also:town have at successive periods been entirely taken down and renovated
.
The commercial See also:part of the See also:city is remarkable for the number of palatial piles of Offices, built chiefly of See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone, among which the See also:banks and See also:insurance offices stand pre-eminent
.
The demand for cottages
about the beginning of the 19th See also:century led to the construction of what are called " courts," being narrow cols de See also:sac, close packed, with no through See also:ventilation
.
This resulted in a high See also:rate of mortality, to contend with which enormous sums have been expended in sanitary reforms of various kinds
.
The more See also:modern cottages and blocks of See also:artisan dwellings have tended to reduce the rate of mortality
.
Parks.—The earliest public See also:park, the Princes Park, was laid out in 1843 by private enterprise, and is owned by trustees, butthe reversion has been acquired by the See also:corporation
.
Sefton Park, the most extensive, containing 269 acres, was opened in 1872
.
A large portion of the See also:land See also:round the margin has been leased for the erection of villas
.
Wavertree, Newsham, See also:Sheil and See also:Stanley Parks have also been constructed at the public expense
.
Connected with Wavertree Park are the botanic gardens
.
A See also:palm house in Sefton Park was opened in 1896 and a conservatory in Stanley Park in 1900
.
Since 1882 several of the city churchyards and See also:burial grounds and many open spaces have been laid out as gardens and recreation grounds
.
A playground containing To8 acres in Wavertree was presented to the city in 1895 by an See also:anonymous donor, and in 1902 the grounds of a private See also:residence outside the city boundaries containing 94 acres were acquired and are now known as Calderstones Park
.
In Igoe, about Too acres of land in See also:Roby, also outside the boundaries, was presented to the city
.
The See also:total See also:area of the parks and gardens of the city, not including the two last named, is 8811 acres
.
A See also:boulevard about T m. in length, planted with trees in the centre, leads to the entrance of See also:Prince's Park
.
Public Buildings.—Scarcely any of the public buildings date from an earlier See also:period than the 19th century
.
One of the earliest, and in many respects the most interesting, is the town-See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall in See also:Castle See also:Street
.
This was erected from the designs of See also:John See also:Wood of See also:Bath, and was opened in 1754
.
The See also:building has since undergone considerable alterations and extensions, but the See also:main features remain
.
It is a rectangular stone building in the Corinthian See also:style, with an advanced See also:portico added to the See also:original building in 1811, and crowned with a lofty See also:dome surmounted by a seated statue of Britannia, added in 18o2
.
The interior was destroyed by See also:fire in 1795, and was entirely remodelled in the restoration
.
In 1900 considerable alterations in the See also:internal structure were made, and the See also:council chamber extended so as to afford See also:accommodation for the enlarged council
.
It contains a splendid See also:suite of apartments, including a See also:ball-See also:room approached by a See also:noble See also:stair-See also:case
.
The building is occupied by the See also:mayor as the municipal See also:mansion house
.
A range of municipal offices was erected in See also:Dale Street in 186o
.
The building is in the See also:Palladian style, with a dominating See also:tower and square pyramidal See also:spire
.
The crowning architectural feature of See also:Liver
.
pool is St George's Hall, completed in 1854
.
The original intention was to erect a hall
suited for the triennial See also:music festivals which
had been held in the town
.
About the same
See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time the corporation proposed to erect See also:law
.
courts for the assizes, which had been trans
.
ferred to Liverpool and See also:Manchester
.
In the
competitive designs, the first See also:prize was gained
in both cases by See also:Harvey See also:Lonsdale See also:Elmes
.
He was employed to combine the two See also:objects
in a new See also:design, of which the See also:present building
is the outcome
.
It is fortunate in its situation, occupying
the most central position in the town, and surrounded by
an area sufficiently extensive to exhibit its proportions, an
See also:advantage which was accentuated in 1898 by the removal of
St John's See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church, which previously prevented an uninterrupted
view of the See also:west See also:side
.
The See also:plan is See also:simple
.
The centre is
occupied by the great hall, 169 ft. in length, and, with the
galleries, 87 ft. wide and 74 ft. high, covered with a solid vault
in See also:masonry
.
Attached to each end, and opening therefrom,
are the law-courts
.
A See also:corridor runs round the hall and the courts, communicating with the various See also:accessory rooms
.
Externally the See also:east front is faced with a See also:fine portico of sixteen Corinthian columns about 6o ft. in height
.
An advanced portico of similar columns fronts the See also:south end crowned with a See also:pediment filled with See also:sculpture
.
The style is See also:Roman, but the refinement of tha details is suggestive of the best period of Grecian See also:art
.
The great hall is finished with polished See also:granite columns, See also:marble balustrades and pavements, polished See also:brass doors with foliated See also:tracery
.
The fine See also:organ was built by Messrs See also:Willis of London, from the See also:specification of Dr See also:Samuel See also:Wesley
.
Elmes having died in 1847 during the progress of the See also:work, the.,building was completed by C
.
R
.
See also:Cockerell, R.A
.
Next to the public buildings belonging to the city, the most important is the See also:exchange, forming three sides of a quadrangle on the north side of the town-hall
.
The town-hall was originally built to combine a See also:mercantile exchange with municipal offices, but the merchants preferred to meet in the open street adjoining
.
This, with other circumstances, led to the erection of a new exchange, a building of considerable merit, which was begun in 1803 and opened in 18o8
.
It had scarcely been in use for more than fifty years when it was found that the wants of See also:commerce had outstripped the accommodation, and the structure was taken down to make room for the present building
.
The See also:revenue buildings, begun in 1828 on the site of the original Liverpool See also:dock, formerly combined the customs, inland revenue, See also:post-See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office and dock board departments but are now only used by the two first named
.
It is a heavy structure, with three advanced porticoes in the Ilyssus Ionic style
.
Near by stands the sailors' See also:home, a large building in the Elizabethan style
.
The Philharmonic Hall in See also:Hope Street, with not much pretension externally, is one of the finest music rooms in the See also:kingdom; it accommodates an See also:audience of about 2500
.
The See also:group of buildings forming the See also:county sessions house, the See also:free public library, museum, central technical school and See also:gallery of art are finely situated on the slope to the north of St George's Hall
.
The library and gallery of art are See also:separate buildings, connected by the circular See also:reading-room in the See also:middle
.
The latter possesses some features in construction worthy of See also:note, having a circular See also:floor See also:loo ft. in See also:diameter without columns or any intermediate support, and a lecture-room underneath, amphitheatrical in See also:form, with grades or benches hewn out of the solid See also:rock
.
In 1884 the county sessions house just mentioned, adjoining the art gallery was opened for public business
.
In 1899 new post-office buildings in See also:Victoria Street were completed
.
In 1907 two important additions were made to the buildings of Liverpool, the new offices of the dock board, built on the site of a portion of the Old George's dock, and the new See also:cotton exchange in Oldhall street
.
The fine See also:mass of buildings which constitute the university and the Royal Infirmary, Lying between Brownlow See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
Hill and See also:Pembroke See also:Place, both See also:groups designed by See also:Alfred See also:Waterhouse, was begun in 1885
.
Liverpool See also:cathedral, intended when completed to be the largest in the See also:country, from designs by G
.
F
.
See also:Bodley and G
.
See also:- GILBERT
- GILBERT (KINGSMILL) ISLANDS
- GILBERT (or GYLBERDE), WILLIAM (1544-1603)
- GILBERT, ALFRED (1854– )
- GILBERT, ANN (1821-1904)
- GILBERT, GROVE KARL (1843– )
- GILBERT, J
- GILBERT, JOHN (1810-1889)
- GILBERT, MARIE DOLORES ELIZA ROSANNA [" LOLA MONTEZ "] (1818-1861)
- GILBERT, NICOLAS JOSEPH LAURENT (1751–1780)
- GILBERT, SIR HUMPHREY (c. 1539-1583)
- GILBERT, SIR JOSEPH HENRY (1817-1901)
- GILBERT, SIR WILLIAM SCHWENK (1836– )
Gilbert See also:Scott, was begun in 1904, when the See also:foundation stone was laid by King See also:Edward VII
.
The See also:foundations were completed in 1906 and the superstructure begun
.
The foundation of the See also:chapter-house was laid in that See also:year by the See also:duke of See also:Connaught, and work was then begun on the See also:Lady See also:chapel, the vestries and the See also:choir
.
.
See also:Railways.—There are three terminal passenger stations in Liver-pool, the London & North Western at See also:Lime Street, the See also:Lancashire & See also:Yorkshire at Exchange and the combined station of the Midland, Great See also:Northern & Great Central at Central
.
By the See also:Mersey See also:tunnel (opened in 1886) connexion is made with the Wirral railway, the Great Central, the Great Western and the London & North Western, on the See also:Cheshire side of the See also:river
.
The Liverpool electric overhead railway See also:running along the See also:line of docks from See also:Seaforth to See also:Dingle was opened in 1893, and in 1905 a junction was made with the Lancashire and Yorkshire railway by which through passenger See also:traffic between See also:Southport and the Dingle has been established
.
In 1895 the River-side station at the Prince's dock was completed, giving See also:direct See also:access from the landing See also:stage to the London and North Western See also:system
.
See also:Water .See also:Supply.—The original supply of water was from See also:wells in the See also:sandstone rock, but in 1847 an See also:act was passed, under which extensiveworks were constructed at See also:Rivington, about 25 m. distant, and a much larger supply was obtained
.
The vast increase of See also:population led to further requirements, and in 188o another act gave See also:power to impound the See also:waters of the See also:Vyrnwy, one of the affluents of the See also:Severn
.
These works were completed in 1892, a temporary supply having been obtained a year earlier
.
The corporation had also, however, obtained power to impound the waters of the Conwy and Marchnant See also:rivers, and to bring them into See also:Lake Vyrnwy, the main See also:reservoir, by means of tunnels
.
This work was completed and opened by the prince of See also:Wales (George V.) in See also:March 1910
.
Tramways.—The corporation in 1896 purchased the See also:property, rights, See also:powers and privileges of the Liverpool Electric Supply See also:Company, and in the following year the undertaking of the Liverpool See also:Tramway Company, which they formally took over in the autumn of the same year
.
Since that date a large and extended system of electric tramways has been laid down, which has led to a very remarkable increase in the receipts and the number of passengers carried
.
Administration of See also:Justice.—The city has See also:quarter-sessions for criminal cases, presided over by the See also:recorder, and held eight times in the year
.
At least two See also:police courts sit daily, and more if required
.
One is presided over by the stipendiary See also:magistrate and the others by the See also:lay magistrates and the See also:coroner
.
The See also:court of passage is a very See also:ancient institution, possibly dating from the foundation of the See also:- BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
- BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)
borough by King John, and intended for cases arising out of the imports and exports passing through the town
.
Its See also:jurisdiction' has been confirmed and settled by parliament and it is competent to try See also:civil cases arising within the city to any amount
.
The mayor is ex-officio the See also:judge, but the presiding judge is an See also:assessor appointed by the See also:crown and paid by the corporation
.
The court sits about five times a year
.
There is a Liverpool See also:district registry of the See also:chancery of the County See also:Palatine of Lancaster which has concurrent jurisdiction with the high court (chancery See also:division) within the See also:hundred of West See also:Derby
.
The vice-chancellor holds sittings in Liverpool
.
There is a Liverpool district registry of the high court of justice with See also:common law, chancery, See also:probate and admiralty jurisdiction, under two district registrars
.
The Liverpool county court has the usual limited jurisdiction over a wide See also:local area, together with See also:bankruptcy jurisdiction over the county court districts of St Helens, See also:Widnes, See also:Ormskirk and Southport, and admiralty jurisdiction over the same districts with the addition of See also:Birkenhead, See also:Chester, See also:Runcorn and See also:Warrington
.
There are two See also:judges attached to the court
.
Ecclesiastical.—The see of Liverpool was created in 188o under the act of 1879, by the authority of the ecclesiastical commissioners, an endowment fund of about £1oo,000 having been subscribed for the purpose
.
The See also:parish, which was separated from See also:Walton-on-the-Hill in 1699, contained two churches, St See also:Nicholas, the ancient chapel, and St See also:- PETER
- PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
- PETER (PEDRO)
- PETER, EPISTLES OF
- PETER, ST
Peter's, then built
.
There were two rectors, the living being held in medieties
.
Of See also:recent years changes have been sanctioned by parliament
.
The living is now held by a single See also:incumbent, and a large number of the churches which have since been built have been formed into parishes by the ecclesiastical commissioners
.
St Peter's has been constituted the See also:pro-cathedral, pending the erection of the cathedral
.
Besides the two original parish churches, there are 103 others belonging to the See also:establishment
.
The Roman Catholics form a very numerous and powerful See also:body in the city, and it is estimated that from a third to a See also:fourth of the entire population are Roman Catholics
.
A large part of these are Irish settlers or their descend-ants, but this district of Lancashire has always been a stronghold of Roman Catholicism, many of the landed gentry belonging to old Roman See also:Catholic families
.
Charities.—The earliest charitable foundation is the See also:Blue Coat See also:hospital, established in 1708, for orphans and fatherless See also:children born within the borough
.
The original building, opened in 1718, is a See also:quaint and characteristic specimen of the See also:architecture of the period
.
It