EARLS OF See also:

• LIVERPOOL
• LIVERPOOL, EARLS
• EARLS OF LIVERPOOL

LIVERPOOL  . See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

CHARLES JENKINSON, 1st See also:

• EARL

earl of See also:

• LIVERPOOL
• LIVERPOOL, EARLS
• LIVERPOOL, EARLS OF

Liverpool (1729—1808), See also:

• ENGLISH

English statesman, eldest son of See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

Colonel Charles Jenkinson (d . 1750) and See also:

• GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson of See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert Jenkinson, See also:

• BART, JEAN (1651-1702)

Bart., of Walcot, See also:

• OXFORDSHIRE (or OxoN)

Oxfordshire, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• WINCHESTER
• WINCHESTER, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF

Winchester on the 16th of May 1729 . The See also:

• FAMILY

family was descended from See also:

• ANTHONY, SAINT
• ANTHONY, SUSAN BROWNELL (1820-1906)

Anthony Jenkinson (d . 1611), See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea-See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

captain, See also:

• MERCHANT (O. Fr. marcheant, modern marchand; from Lat. mercari, to trade, merx, goods, merchandise)

merchant and traveller, the first Englishman to penetrate into Central See also:

• ASIA

Asia . Charles was educated at See also:

• CHARTERHOUSE

Charterhouse school and University See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford, where he graduated M.A. in 1752 . In 1761 he entered See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament as member for See also:

• COCKERMOUTH

Cockermouth and was made under-secretary of See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state by See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• BUTE
• BUTE, JOHN STUART, 3RD EARL OF (1713-1792)

Bute; he won the favour of See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George III., and when Bute retired Jenkinson became the See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader of the " See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king's See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends " in the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House of See also:

• COMMONS

Commons . In 1763 George See also:

• GRENVILLE (or GRANVILLE), SIR RICHARD (r600-1658)
• GRENVILLE (or GREYNVILE), SIR RICHARD (c. 1541-1591)
• GRENVILLE, GEORGE (1712-1770)
• GRENVILLE, SIR BEVIL (1596-1643)
• GRENVILLE, WILLIAM WYNDHAM GRENVILLE, BARON (1759-1834)

Grenville appointed him See also:

• JOINT (through Fr. from Lat. junctum, jungere, to join)

joint secretary to the See also:

• TREASURY

treasury; in 1766, after a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short retirement, he became a lord of the See also:

• ADMIRALTY, HIGH COURT OF

admiralty and then a lord of the treasury in the See also:

• GRAFTON
• GRAFTON, DUKES OF
• GRAFTON, RICHARD (d. 1572)

Grafton See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration; and from 1778 until the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of Lord See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North's See also:

• MINISTRY

ministry in 1782 he was secretary-at-See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war . From 1786 to 18oI he was See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board of See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade and See also:

• CHANCELLOR (M. Eng. and Anglo-Fr. canceler, chanceler, Fr. chancelier, Lat. cancellarius)

chancellor of the duchy of See also:

• LANCASTER
• LANCASTER, HOUSE OF
• LANCASTER, JOHN OF GAUNT
• LANCASTER, JOSEPH (1778-1838)
• LANCASTER, SIR JAMES (f1. 1591—1618)
• LANCASTER, THOMAS, EARL OF (c. 1277-1322)

Lancaster, and he was popularly regarded as enjoying the confidence of the king to a See also:

• SPECIAL

special degree . In 1772 Jenkinson became a privy councillor and See also:

• VICE

vice-treasurer of See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland, and in 1775 he See also:

• PURCHASED

purchased the lucrative See also:

• SINECURE (Lat. sine cura, without care)

sinecure of clerk of the pells in Ireland and became See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master of the See also:

• MINT
• MINT (Lat. moneta; Mid. Eng. mynt)

mint . In 1786 he was created See also:

• BARON
• BARON (1835-1895)
• BARON, MICHEL (1653—1729)

Baron Hawkesbury, and ten years later earl of Liverpool . He died in See also:

• LONDON

London on the 17th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 18o8 .

Liverpool was twice married: firstly to Amelia (d . 1770), daughter of See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• WATTS, ALARIC ALEXANDER (1797-1864)
• WATTS, GEORGE FREDERICK (1817-1904)
• WATTS, ISAAC (1674-1748)

Watts, See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of Fort William, See also:

• BENGAL
• BENGAL, BAY OF

Bengal, and secondly to See also:

• CATHERINE
• CATHERINE, SAINT

Catherine, daughter of Sir See also:

• CECIL

Cecil Bisshoff, Bart., and widow of Sir Charles See also:

• COPE
• COPE (M.E. cape, cope, from Med. Lat. capa, cappa)
• COPE, EDWARD DRINKER (1840-1897)
• COPE, EDWARD MEREDITH (1818-1873)

Cope, Bart.; he had a son by each See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage . He wrote several See also:

• POLITICAL

political See also:

• WORKS

works, but except his See also:

• TREATISE

Treatise on the Coins of the See also:

• REALM

Realm (18o5) these are without striking merits . They are, Dissertation on the establish- ment of a See also:

• NATIONAL

national and constitutional force in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent of a See also:

• STANDING

standing See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army (1756); Discourse on the conduct of the govern- ment of See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain respecting neutral nations (1758, new ed., 1837); and Collection of See also:

• TREATIES

Treaties between Great Britain and other ' This See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement was started in 184o by habitues of a See also:

• BALTIMORE
• BALTIMORE, GEORGE CALVERT, 1ST BARON (C. 1580—1632)

Baltimore (Md.) See also:

• TAVERN

tavern, who then founded the See also:

• WASHINGTON
• WASHINGTON (or WASHINGTON COURT HOUSE)
• WASHINGTON, BOOKER TALIAFERRO (c. 1859– )
• WASHINGTON, BUSHROD (1762-1829)
• WASHINGTON, GEORGE (1732-1799)

Washington See also:

• TEMPERANCE

Temperance Society (named in See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour of George Washington) . The movement spread rapidly in 1841-1843, but by the close of 1843 it had nearly spent its force . The members of the Society made a See also:

• PLEDGE

pledge not to drink spirituous or See also:

• MALT (O. Eng., mealt; O. Sax., malt; O. Tent., maltos; Mod. Ger., Malz; Scand., malt; probably derived from the Sanskrit mrdu, soft, thus having reference to the fact that malt is raw grain rendered soft or tender)

malt liquors, See also:

• WINE (Lat. vinum, Gr. oivos)

wine or See also:

• CIDER (q.v.)
• CIDER, or CYDER (from the Fr. cidre, derived from the Lat. sicera or cisera, Gr. mucepa, Heb. shade, strong drink)

cider . See also:

• WOMEN

Women organized Martha Washington See also:

• SOCIETIES, LEARNED

Societies as See also:

• AUXILIARY (from Lat. auxilium, help)

auxiliary organizations . and spread up the slopes beyond the See also:

• POOL

pool, a better state of things began to exist . The older parts of the See also:

• TOWN

town have at successive periods been entirely taken down and renovated . The commercial See also:

• PART

part of the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city is remarkable for the number of palatial piles of Offices, built chiefly of See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone, among which the See also:

• BANKS, GEORGE LINNAEUS (1821-1881)
• BANKS, NATHANIEL PRENTISS (1816–1894)
• BANKS, SIR JOSEPH
• BANKS, THOMAS (1735-1805)

banks and See also:

• INSURANCE

insurance offices stand pre-eminent . The demand for cottages about the beginning of the 19th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century led to the construction of what are called " courts," being narrow cols de See also:

• SAC

sac, close packed, with no through See also:

• VENTILATION (Lat. ventilare, from ventus, wind)

ventilation . This resulted in a high See also:

• RATE

rate of mortality, to contend with which enormous sums have been expended in sanitary reforms of various kinds .

The more See also:

• MODERN

modern cottages and blocks of See also:

• ARTISAN, or ARTIZAN

artisan dwellings have tended to reduce the rate of mortality . Parks.—The earliest public See also:

• PARK (Fr. part; Ital. parco; Sp. Marque; O.Eng. pearroc; connected with Ger. pferch, fold, and pfarrei, district, translating med. Lat. parochia, parish)
• PARK, EDWARDS AMASA (1808–1900)
• PARK, MUNGO (1771-1806?)

park, the Princes Park, was laid out in 1843 by private enterprise, and is owned by trustees, butthe reversion has been acquired by the See also:

• CORPORATION (from Lat. corporare, to form into a body, corpus, corporis)

corporation . Sefton Park, the most extensive, containing 269 acres, was opened in 1872 . A large portion of the See also:

• LAND

land See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round the margin has been leased for the erection of villas . Wavertree, Newsham, See also:

• SHEIL, RICHARD LALOR (1791-1851)

Sheil and See also:

• STANLEY (FAMILY)
• STANLEY, ARTHUR PENRHYN (18x5–1881)
• STANLEY, EDWARD (1779-1849)
• STANLEY, SIR HENRY MORTON (184o-1904)
• STANLEY, SIR WILLIAM (1548-163o)
• STANLEY, THOMAS (1625-1678)

Stanley Parks have also been constructed at the public expense . Connected with Wavertree Park are the botanic gardens . A See also:

• PALM (Lat. palma, Gr. iraX6.jn )
• PALM, JOHANN PHILIPP (1768-1806)

palm house in Sefton Park was opened in 1896 and a conservatory in Stanley Park in 1900 . Since 1882 several of the city churchyards and See also:

• BURIAL

burial grounds and many open spaces have been laid out as gardens and recreation grounds . A playground containing To8 acres in Wavertree was presented to the city in 1895 by an See also:

• ANONYMOUS

anonymous donor, and in 1902 the grounds of a private See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence outside the city boundaries containing 94 acres were acquired and are now known as Calderstones Park . In Igoe, about Too acres of land in See also:

• ROBY, HENRY JOHN (183x- )

Roby, also outside the boundaries, was presented to the city . The See also:

• TOTAL

total See also:

• AREA

area of the parks and gardens of the city, not including the two last named, is 8811 acres . A See also:

• BOULEVARD (a Fr. word, earlier boulevart, from Dutch or Ger. Bollwerk, cf. Eng. " bulwark ")

boulevard about T m. in length, planted with trees in the centre, leads to the entrance of See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince's Park .

Public Buildings.—Scarcely any of the public buildings date from an earlier See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period than the 19th century . One of the earliest, and in many respects the most interesting, is the town-See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall in See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

Castle See also:

• STREET
• STREET, GEORGE EDMUND (1824-1881)

Street . This was erected from the designs of See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

Wood of See also:

• BATH
• BATH, THOMAS THYNNE
• BATH, WILLIAM

Bath, and was opened in 1754 . The See also:

• BUILDING

building has since undergone considerable alterations and extensions, but the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main features remain . It is a rectangular stone building in the Corinthian See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style, with an advanced See also:

• PORTICO (Ital. for " porch," Lat. porticus)

portico added to the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original building in 1811, and crowned with a lofty See also:

• DOME (Lat domus, house; Ital. duomo, cathedral)

dome surmounted by a seated statue of Britannia, added in 18o2 . The interior was destroyed by See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire in 1795, and was entirely remodelled in the restoration . In 1900 considerable alterations in the See also:

• INTERNAL

internal structure were made, and the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council chamber extended so as to afford See also:

• ACCOMMODATION (Lat. accommodare, to make fit, from ad, to, cum, with, and modus, measure)

accommodation for the enlarged council . It contains a splendid See also:

• SUITE (Suite de pieces; Ordre; Partita)

suite of apartments, including a See also:

• BALL (in Mid. Eng. bal; the word is probably cognate with " bale," Teutonic in origin, cf. also Lat. falls, and Gr. 7raXXa)
• BALL, JOHN (1585-1640)
• BALL, JOHN (1818-1889)
• BALL, JOHN (d. 1381)
• BALL, SIR ALEXANDER JOHN, BART
• BALL, THOMAS (1819- )

ball-See also:

• ROOM

room approached by a See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble See also:

• STAIR (0. Eng. stagger, step, from stigan, to climb, cf. Ger. steigen; the root is also seen in " stile " and " stirrup ")
• STAIR, JAMES DALRYMPLE

stair-See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case . The building is occupied by the See also:

• MAYOR (Lat. major, greater)
• MAYOR, JOHN EYTON BICKERSTETH (1825– )

mayor as the municipal See also:

• MANSION (through O. Fr. mansion, mod. maison, from Lat. mansio, dwelling-place, stage on a journey; manere, to remain)

mansion house . A range of municipal offices was erected in See also:

• DALE, ROBERT WILLIAM (1829-1895)
• DALE, SIR THOMAS (d. 1619)

Dale Street in 186o . The building is in the See also:

• PALLADIAN

Palladian style, with a dominating See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

tower and square pyramidal See also:

• SPIRE

spire . The crowning architectural feature of See also:

• LIVER (O. Eng. lifer; cf. cognate forms, Dutch lever, Ger. Leber, Swed. lefver, &c.; the O. H. Ger. forms are libara, lipora, &c.; the Teut. word has been connected with Gr. i'prap and Lat. jecur)

Liver .

pool is St George's Hall, completed in 1854 . The original intention was to erect a hall suited for the triennial See also:

• MUSIC

music festivals which had been held in the town . About the same See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time the corporation proposed to erect See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law . courts for the assizes, which had been trans . ferred to Liverpool and See also:

• MANCHESTER
• MANCHESTER (popularly Manchester-by-the-Sea)
• MANCHESTER, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Manchester . In the competitive designs, the first See also:

• PRIZE, or PRIZE OF WAR (Fr. prise, from prendre, to take)

prize was gained in both cases by See also:

• HARVEY
• HARVEY, GABRIEL (c. 1545-1630)
• HARVEY, SIR GEORGE (1806-1876)
• HARVEY, WILLIAM (1578—1657)

Harvey See also:

• LONSDALE, EARLS OF
• LONSDALE, WILLIAM (1994-1871)

Lonsdale See also:

• ELMES, HARVEY LONSDALE (1813-1847)
• ELMES, JAMES (1782-1862)

Elmes . He was employed to combine the two See also:

• OBJECTS

objects in a new See also:

• DESIGN (Fr. desiin, drawing; Lat. designare, to mark out)

design, of which the See also:

• PRESENT

present building is the outcome . It is fortunate in its situation, occupying the most central position in the town, and surrounded by an area sufficiently extensive to exhibit its proportions, an See also:

• ADVANTAGE

advantage which was accentuated in 1898 by the removal of St John's See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church, which previously prevented an uninterrupted view of the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side . The See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan is See also:

• SIMPLE

simple . The centre is occupied by the great hall, 169 ft. in length, and, with the galleries, 87 ft. wide and 74 ft. high, covered with a solid vault in See also:

• MASONRY

masonry . Attached to each end, and opening therefrom, are the law-courts . A See also:

• CORRIDOR (Fr. corridor, from Ital. corridore, Med. Lat. corridorium, a " running-place," from currere, to run)

corridor runs round the hall and the courts, communicating with the various See also:

• ACCESSORY

accessory rooms .

Externally the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east front is faced with a See also:

• FINE

fine portico of sixteen Corinthian columns about 6o ft. in height . An advanced portico of similar columns fronts the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south end crowned with a See also:

• PEDIMENT (equivalents, Gr. &ros, Lat. fastigium, Fr. ponton)

pediment filled with See also:

• SCULPTURE
• SCULPTURE (Lat. sculptura, from sculpere, to carve, cognate with Gr. yXb4ew)

sculpture . The style is See also:

• ROMAN

Roman, but the refinement of tha details is suggestive of the best period of Grecian See also:

• ART

art . The great hall is finished with polished See also:

• GRANITE (adapted from the Ital. granite, grained; Lat. granum, grain)

granite columns, See also:

• MARBLE (from Lat. marmor, Gr. pApµapos, shining stone)

marble balustrades and pavements, polished See also:

• BRASS
• BRASS (O. Eng. braes)

brass doors with foliated See also:

• TRACERY

tracery . The fine See also:

• ORGAN

organ was built by Messrs See also:

• WILLIS, NATHANIEL PARKER (1806-1867)
• WILLIS, THOMAS (1621-1675)

Willis of London, from the See also:

• SPECIFICATION (from Med. Lat. specificatio, specificare, to enumerate or mention in detail)

specification of Dr See also:

• SAMUEL

Samuel See also:

• WESLEY (FAMILY)
• WESLEY, JOHN (1703-1791)
• WESLEY, SAMUEL (1766-1837)
• WESLEY, SAMUEL SEBASTIAN (1810–1876)

Wesley . Elmes having died in 1847 during the progress of the See also:

• WORK

work, the.,building was completed by C . R . See also:

• COCKERELL, CHARLES ROBERT (1788-1863)

Cockerell, R.A . Next to the public buildings belonging to the city, the most important is the See also:

• EXCHANGE

exchange, forming three sides of a quadrangle on the north side of the town-hall . The town-hall was originally built to combine a See also:

• MERCANTILE (or COMMERCIAL) AGENCIES

mercantile exchange with municipal offices, but the merchants preferred to meet in the open street adjoining . This, with other circumstances, led to the erection of a new exchange, a building of considerable merit, which was begun in 1803 and opened in 18o8 . It had scarcely been in use for more than fifty years when it was found that the wants of See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce had outstripped the accommodation, and the structure was taken down to make room for the present building .

The See also:

• REVENUE
• REVENUE (0. Fr. revenu, from revenir, to return)

revenue buildings, begun in 1828 on the site of the original Liverpool See also:

• DOCK

dock, formerly combined the customs, inland revenue, See also:

• POST

post-See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office and dock board departments but are now only used by the two first named . It is a heavy structure, with three advanced porticoes in the Ilyssus Ionic style . Near by stands the sailors' See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home, a large building in the Elizabethan style . The Philharmonic Hall in See also:

• HOPE, ANTHONY
• HOPE, THOMAS (c. 1770-1831)

Hope Street, with not much pretension externally, is one of the finest music rooms in the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom; it accommodates an See also:

• AUDIENCE (from Lat. audire, to hear)

audience of about 2500 . The See also:

• GROUP

group of buildings forming the See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county sessions house, the See also:

• FREE

free public library, museum, central technical school and See also:

• GALLERY (through Ital. galleria, from Med. Lat. galeria, of which the origin is unknown)

gallery of art are finely situated on the slope to the north of St George's Hall . The library and gallery of art are See also:

• SEPARATE

separate buildings, connected by the circular See also:

• READING

reading-room in the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle . The latter possesses some features in construction worthy of See also:

• NOTE
• NOTE (Lat. nota, mark, sign, from noscere, to know)

note, having a circular See also:

• FLOOR (from O. Eng. flor, a word common to many Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch vloer, and Ger. Flur, a field, in the feminine, and a floor, masculine)

floor See also:

• LOO (formerly called " Lanterloo," Fr. lanturlu, the refrain of a popular 17th-century song)

loo ft. in See also:

• DIAMETER (from the Cr. &a, through, µErpov, measure)

diameter without columns or any intermediate support, and a lecture-room underneath, amphitheatrical in See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form, with grades or benches hewn out of the solid See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

rock . In 1884 the county sessions house just mentioned, adjoining the art gallery was opened for public business . In 1899 new post-office buildings in See also:

• VICTORIA
• VICTORIA (or VITTORIA), TOMMASSO LUDOVICO DA (C. I540-C. 1613)
• VICTORIA [ALEXANDRINA VICTORIA]

Victoria Street were completed . In 1907 two important additions were made to the buildings of Liverpool, the new offices of the dock board, built on the site of a portion of the Old George's dock, and the new See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

cotton exchange in Oldhall street . The fine See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

mass of buildings which constitute the university and the Royal Infirmary, Lying between Brownlow See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

Hill and See also:

• PEMBROKE
• PEMBROKE (Penfro)
• PEMBROKE, EARLS OF

Pembroke See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

Place, both See also:

• GROUPS
• GROUPS, THEORY

groups designed by See also:

• ALFRED

Alfred See also:

• WATERHOUSE, ALFRED (1830-1905)
• WATERHOUSE, JOHN WILLIAM (1847- )

Waterhouse, was begun in 1885 . Liverpool See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral, intended when completed to be the largest in the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country, from designs by G .

F . See also:

• BODLEY, GEORGE FREDERICK (1827-1907)
• BODLEY, SIR THOMAS (1545-1613)

Bodley and G . See also:

• GILBERT
• GILBERT (KINGSMILL) ISLANDS
• GILBERT (or GYLBERDE), WILLIAM (1544-1603)
• GILBERT, ALFRED (1854– )
• GILBERT, ANN (1821-1904)
• GILBERT, GROVE KARL (1843– )
• GILBERT, J
• GILBERT, JOHN (1810-1889)
• GILBERT, MARIE DOLORES ELIZA ROSANNA [" LOLA MONTEZ "] (1818-1861)
• GILBERT, NICOLAS JOSEPH LAURENT (1751–1780)
• GILBERT, SIR HUMPHREY (c. 1539-1583)
• GILBERT, SIR JOSEPH HENRY (1817-1901)
• GILBERT, SIR WILLIAM SCHWENK (1836– )

Gilbert See also:

• SCOTT, ALEXANDER (fl. 1550)
• SCOTT, DAVID (18o6-1849)
• SCOTT, MICHAEL (1789-1835)
• SCOTT, ROBERT (1811-1887)
• SCOTT, SIR GEORGE GILBERT (1811-1878)
• SCOTT, SIR WALTER, BART
• SCOTT, WILLIAM BELL (1811-1890)
• SCOTT, WINFIELD (1786-1866)

Scott, was begun in 1904, when the See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation stone was laid by King See also:

• EDWARD

Edward VII . The See also:

• FOUNDATIONS

foundations were completed in 1906 and the superstructure begun . The foundation of the See also:

• CHAPTER (a shortened form of chapiter, a word still used in architecture for a capital; derived from O. Fr. chapitre, Lat. capitellum, diminutive of caput, head)

chapter-house was laid in that See also:

• YEAR

year by the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• CONNAUGHT
• CONNAUGHT, ARTHUR WILLIAM PATRICK ALBERT, DUKE OF (1850– )

Connaught, and work was then begun on the See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

Lady See also:

• CHAPEL

chapel, the vestries and the See also:

• CHOIR (0. Fr. cuer from Lat. chorus; pronounced quire, and until the end of the 17th century so spelt, the spelling being altered to agree with the Fr. chceur)

choir . . See also:

• RAILWAYS

Railways.—There are three terminal passenger stations in Liver-pool, the London & North Western at See also:

• LIME
• LIME (O. Eng. lim, Lat. limes, mud, from linere, to smear)

Lime Street, the See also:

• LANCASHIRE

Lancashire & See also:

• YORKSHIRE

Yorkshire at Exchange and the combined station of the Midland, Great See also:

• NORTHERN

Northern & Great Central at Central . By the See also:

• MERSEY

Mersey See also:

• TUNNEL (Fr. tonne!, later tonneau, a diminutive from Low Lat. tonna, tunna, a tun, cask)

tunnel (opened in 1886) connexion is made with the Wirral railway, the Great Central, the Great Western and the London & North Western, on the See also:

• CHESHIRE

Cheshire side of the See also:

• RIVER

river . The Liverpool electric overhead railway See also:

• RUNNING

running along the See also:

• LINE

line of docks from See also:

• SEAFORTH, EARL OF

Seaforth to See also:

• DINGLE

Dingle was opened in 1893, and in 1905 a junction was made with the Lancashire and Yorkshire railway by which through passenger See also:

• TRAFFIC

traffic between See also:

• SOUTHPORT

Southport and the Dingle has been established . In 1895 the River-side station at the Prince's dock was completed, giving See also:

• DIRECT

direct See also:

• ACCESS (Lat. accessus)

access from the landing See also:

• STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage to the London and North Western See also:

• SYSTEM

system . See also:

• WATER

Water .See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

Supply.—The original supply of water was from See also:

• WELLS
• WELLS, CHARLES JEREMIAH (1798?–1879)
• WELLS, DAVID AMES (1828—1898)
• WELLS, HERBERT GEORGE (1866— )
• WELLS, SIR THOMAS SPENCER, 1ST BART

wells in the See also:

• SANDSTONE

sandstone rock, but in 1847 an See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act was passed, under which extensiveworks were constructed at See also:

• RIVINGTON, CHARLES (1688-1742)

Rivington, about 25 m. distant, and a much larger supply was obtained . The vast increase of See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population led to further requirements, and in 188o another act gave See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power to impound the See also:

• WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters of the See also:

• VYRNWY (Fyrnwy)

Vyrnwy, one of the affluents of the See also:

• SEVERN
• SEVERN, JOSEPH (1793-1879)

Severn . These works were completed in 1892, a temporary supply having been obtained a year earlier .

The corporation had also, however, obtained power to impound the waters of the Conwy and Marchnant See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers, and to bring them into See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

Lake Vyrnwy, the main See also:

• RESERVOIR

reservoir, by means of tunnels . This work was completed and opened by the prince of See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales (George V.) in See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1910 . Tramways.—The corporation in 1896 purchased the See also:

• PROPERTY

property, rights, See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers and privileges of the Liverpool Electric Supply See also:

• COMPANY

Company, and in the following year the undertaking of the Liverpool See also:

• TRAMWAY

Tramway Company, which they formally took over in the autumn of the same year . Since that date a large and extended system of electric tramways has been laid down, which has led to a very remarkable increase in the receipts and the number of passengers carried . Administration of See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

Justice.—The city has See also:

• QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

quarter-sessions for criminal cases, presided over by the See also:

• RECORDER
• RECORDER, FIPPLE FLUTE

recorder, and held eight times in the year . At least two See also:

• POLICE (Fr. police, government, civil administration, a police force, Gr. sroXumeia, constitution, condition of a state, roars, city, state)

police courts sit daily, and more if required . One is presided over by the stipendiary See also:

• MAGISTRATE (Lat. magistratus, from magister, master, properly a public office, hence the person holding such an office)

magistrate and the others by the See also:

• LAY

lay magistrates and the See also:

• CORONER

coroner . The See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of passage is a very See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient institution, possibly dating from the foundation of the See also:

• BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
• BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)

borough by King John, and intended for cases arising out of the imports and exports passing through the town . Its See also:

• JURISDICTION
• JURISDICTION, CRIMINAL LAW, DIVORCE

jurisdiction' has been confirmed and settled by parliament and it is competent to try See also:

• CIVIL

civil cases arising within the city to any amount . The mayor is ex-officio the See also:

• JUDGE (Lat. judex, Fr. juge)

judge, but the presiding judge is an See also:

• ASSESSOR (Lat. assessare, assidere, to sit by)

assessor appointed by the See also:

• CROWN

crown and paid by the corporation . The court sits about five times a year . There is a Liverpool See also:

• DISTRICT

district registry of the See also:

• CHANCERY

chancery of the County See also:

• PALATINE (from Lat. palatium, a palace,)

Palatine of Lancaster which has concurrent jurisdiction with the high court (chancery See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division) within the See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred of West See also:

• DERBY
• DERBY, EARLS OF

Derby .

The vice-chancellor holds sittings in Liverpool . There is a Liverpool district registry of the high court of justice with See also:

• COMMON

common law, chancery, See also:

• PROBATE

probate and admiralty jurisdiction, under two district registrars . The Liverpool county court has the usual limited jurisdiction over a wide See also:

• LOCAL

local area, together with See also:

• BANKRUPTCY (from Lat. bancus or Fr. banquet table or counter, and Lat. ruptus, broken)

bankruptcy jurisdiction over the county court districts of St Helens, See also:

• WIDNES

Widnes, See also:

• ORMSKIRK

Ormskirk and Southport, and admiralty jurisdiction over the same districts with the addition of See also:

• BIRKENHEAD

Birkenhead, See also:

• CHESTER
• CHESTER, EARLS OF

Chester, See also:

• RUNCORN

Runcorn and See also:

• WARRINGTON

Warrington . There are two See also:

• JUDGES, THE BOOK OF

judges attached to the court . Ecclesiastical.—The see of Liverpool was created in 188o under the act of 1879, by the authority of the ecclesiastical commissioners, an endowment fund of about £1oo,000 having been subscribed for the purpose . The See also:

• PARISH (Gr. irapouda, district, neighbourhood; 7r&poucos, one dwelling near or beside, from crap&, OtKOS, house; Lat. paroecur, Late Lat. parochia; cf. Fr. paroisse)

parish, which was separated from See also:

• WALTON, BRIAN (1600-1661)
• WALTON, IZAAK (1593-1683)

Walton-on-the-Hill in 1699, contained two churches, St See also:

• NICHOLAS
• NICHOLAS (1841– )
• NICHOLAS (or NICLAES), HENRY (or HENDRIK) (c. 1501-C. 158o)
• NICHOLAS, SIR EDWARD (1593-1669)
• NICHOLAS, ST

Nicholas, the ancient chapel, and St See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter's, then built . There were two rectors, the living being held in medieties . Of See also:

• RECENT

recent years changes have been sanctioned by parliament . The living is now held by a single See also:

• INCUMBENT (from Lat. incumbere, to lean, lie upon)

incumbent, and a large number of the churches which have since been built have been formed into parishes by the ecclesiastical commissioners . St Peter's has been constituted the See also:

• PRO

pro-cathedral, pending the erection of the cathedral . Besides the two original parish churches, there are 103 others belonging to the See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment . The Roman Catholics form a very numerous and powerful See also:

• BODY

body in the city, and it is estimated that from a third to a See also:

• FOURTH

fourth of the entire population are Roman Catholics .

A large part of these are Irish settlers or their descend-ants, but this district of Lancashire has always been a stronghold of Roman Catholicism, many of the landed gentry belonging to old Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic families . Charities.—The earliest charitable foundation is the See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

Blue Coat See also:

• HOSPITAL (Lat. haspitalis, the adjective of hospes, host or guest)

hospital, established in 1708, for orphans and fatherless See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children born within the borough . The original building, opened in 1718, is a See also:

• QUAINT (O. Fr. cointe, from Lat. cognitus, known, probably influenced by association with Lat. corn plus, neat)

quaint and characteristic specimen of the See also:

• ARCHITECTURE (Lat. architectura, from the Gr. ap)(LTEKrwv, a master-builder)

architecture of the period . It