See also:

• LOBSTER (O.E. lopustre, lopystre, a corruption of Lat. locusta, lobster or other marine shell-fish; also a locust)

LOBSTER (O.E. lopustre, lopystre, a corruption of See also:

• LAT

Lat. locusta, lobster or other marine See also:

• SHELL
• SHELL (O. Eng. scell, scyll, cf. Du. sceel, shell, Goth. skalja, tile; the word means originally a thin flake,. cf. Swed. skalja, to peel off; it is allied to " scale " and " skill," from a root meaning to cleave, divide, separate)

shell-See also:

• FISH (O. Eng. fist, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch visch, Ger. Fisch, Goth. fisks, cognate with the Lat. piscis)
• FISH, HAMILTON (1808-1893)

fish; also a See also:

• LOCUST

locust)  , an edible crustacean found on the coasts of the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North See also:

• ATLANTIC

Atlantic and Mediterranean . The name is sometimes loosely applied to anyof the larger See also:

• CRUSTACEA

Crustacea of the See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order Macrura, especially to such as are used for See also:

• FOOD
• FOOD (like the verb " to feed," from a Teutonic root, whence O. Eng. foda; cf. " fodder "; connected with Gr. lrareicOae, to feed)

food . The true lobsters, forming the See also:

• FAMILY

family Homaridae, are distinguished from the other Macrura by having the first three pairs of legs terminating in chelae or pincers . The first pair are large' and massive and are composed of six segments, while the remaining legs are each composed of seven segments . The sternum of the last thoracic somite is immovably See also:

• UNITED

united with the preceding . This last See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character, together with some peculiarities of the branchial See also:

• SYSTEM

system, distinguish the lobsters from the See also:

• FRESHWATER

freshwater crayfishes . The See also:

• COMMON

common See also:

• LOBSTER (O.E. lopustre, lopystre, a corruption of Lat. locusta, lobster or other marine shell-fish; also a locust)

lobster (Homarus gammarus or vulgaris) is found on the See also:

• EUROPEAN

European coasts from See also:

• NORWAY
• NORWAY (Norge)

Norway to the Mediterranean . The See also:

• AMERICAN

American lobster (Homarus americanus), which should perhaps be ranked as a variety rather than as a distinct See also:

• SPECIES

species, is found on the Atlantic See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast of North See also:

• AMERICA

America from Labrador to Cape Hatteras . A third species, found at the Cape of See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

Good See also:

• HOPE, ANTHONY
• HOPE, THOMAS (c. 1770-1831)

Hope, is of small See also:

• SIZE

size and of no economic importance . Both in See also:

• EUROPE

Europe and in America the lobster is the See also:

• OBJECT

object of an important See also:

• FISHERY (LAW OF)

fishery . It lives in shallow See also:

• WATER

water, in rocky places, and is usually captured in traps known as lobster-pots, or creels, made of wickerwork or of hoops covered with netting, and having See also:

• FUNNEL (through an O. Fr. founil, found in Breton, from Lat. infundibulum, that through which anything is poured, from fundere, to pour)

funnel-shaped openings permitting entrance but preventing See also:

• ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli

escape . These traps are baited with pieces of See also:

• FISH (O. Eng. fist, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch visch, Ger. Fisch, Goth. fisks, cognate with the Lat. piscis)
• FISH, HAMILTON (1808-1893)

fish, preferably stale, and are sunk on ground frequented by lobsters, the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of each being marked by a See also:

• BUOY

buoy .

In Europe the lobsters are generally sent to See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market in the fresh See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state, but in America, especially in the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern New See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England states and in the maritime provinces of See also:

• CANADA

Canada, the See also:

• CANNING, CHARLES JOHN, EARL (1812-1862)
• CANNING, GEORGE (1770-1827)

canning of lobsters is an important See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry . The European lobster rarely reaches ro pounds in See also:

• WEIGHT

weight, though individuals of 14 pounds have been found, and in America there are See also:

• AUTHENTIC (from Gr. aOO 'rns, one who does a thing himself)

authentic records of lobsters weighing 20 to 23 pounds . The effects of over-fishing have become apparent, especially in America, rather in the reduced See also:

• AVERAGE

average size of the lobsters caught than in any diminution of the See also:

• TOTAL

total yield . The See also:

• IMPOSITION (from Lat. imponere, to place or lay upon)

imposition of a See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time to protect the spawning lobsters has been often tried, but as the See also:

• FEMALE

female carries the spawn attached to her See also:

• BODY

body for nearly twelve months after spawning it is impossible to give any effective See also:

• PROTECTION

protection by this means . The See also:

• PROHIBITION (Lat. prohibere, to prevent)

prohibition of the See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture of See also:

• FEMALES

females carrying spawn, or, as it is termed," in See also:

• BERRY, CHARLES ALBERT (1852-1899)
• BERRY, CHARLES FERDINAND
• BERRY, JOHN, DUKE OF (1340-1416)
• BERRY, or BERRI

berry," is difficult to enforce . A minimum size, below which it is illegal to sell lobsters, is fixed by See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law in most lobster-fishing districts, but the value of the protection so given has also been questioned . The Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) is found, like the common lobster, from Norway to the Mediterranean . It is a smaller species, with See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long and slender claws and is of an See also:

• ORANGE
• ORANGE (Citrus Aurantium)
• ORANGE, HOUSE OF

orange See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour, often beautifully marked with red and See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

blue . It is found in deeper water and is generally captured by See also:

• TRAWLING, SEINING AND NETTING

trawling . It is a curious and unexplained fact that nearly all the individuals so captured are See also:

• MALES

males . It is less esteemed for food than the common species . In See also:

• LONDON

London it is sold under the name of " See also:

• DUBLIN

Dublin See also:

• PRAWN

prawn." The See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

rock lobster, spiny lobster, or See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea-crawfish (Palinurus vulgaris) belongs to the family Palinuridae, distinguished from the Homaridae by the fact that the first legs are not provided with chelae or pincers, and that all the legs possess only six segments .

The antennae are very long and thick . It is found on the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern and western coasts of the See also:

• BRITISH

British Islands and extends to the Mediterranean . It is highly esteemed for the table, especially in See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, where it goes by the name of Langouste . Other species of the same family are used for food in various parts of the See also:

• WORLD

world, especially on the Pacific coast of North America and in See also:

• AUSTRALIA

Australia and New See also:

• ZEALAND (also SEALAND Or SEELAND; Danish Sjaelland)

Zealand . In See also:

• MELBOURNE
• MELBOURNE, WILLIAM LAMB, 2ND VISCOUNT (1779-1848)

Melbourne and See also:

• SYDNEY

Sydney the name of " See also:

• MURRAY
• MURRAY (or MORAY), EARLS OF
• MURRAY (or MORAY), JAMES STUART, EARL OF (c. 1531-1570)
• MURRAY (or MORAY), SIR ROBERT (c. 1600-1673)
• MURRAY, ALEXANDER STUART (1841-1904)
• MURRAY, DAVID (1849– )
• MURRAY, EUSTACE CLARE GRENVILLE (1824–1881)
• MURRAY, JAMES (c. 1719-1794)
• MURRAY, JOHN
• MURRAY, JOHN (1778–1820)
• MURRAY, LINDLEY (1745–1826)
• MURRAY, LORD GEORGE (1694–1760)
• MURRAY, SIR JAMES AUGUSTUS HENRY (1837– )
• MURRAY, SIR JOHN (1841– )

Murray lobster " is given to a large species of See also:

• CRAYFISH (Fr. ecrevisse)

crayfish (Astacopsis spinifer, formerly known as Astacus, or Potamobius serratus) which is much used for food . (W . T .