See also:

• LOCAL

LOCAL See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

GOVERNMENT  , a phrase specially adopted in See also:

• ENGLISH

English usage for the decentralized or deconcentrated See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration, within a See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state or See also:

• NATIONAL

national and central See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government, of See also:

• LOCAL

local affairs by local authorities . It is restricted not only in respect of See also:

• AREA

area but also in respect of the See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character and extent of the duties assigned to them . It is not to be confused with local self-government in the wider sense in which the words are sometimes employed, e.g. for the granting by the See also:

• CROWN

crown of self-government to a See also:

• COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

colony; the expression, in a See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general way, may mean this, but " local government " as technically used in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England refers more narrowly to the See also:

• SYSTEM

system of See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county or municipal administration, and English usage transfers it to denote the similar institutions in other countries . The growth and persistence of this See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of subordinate government is due practically to the need of relieving the central authority in the state, and to experience of the failure of a completely centralized bureaucracy . The degree to which local government is adopted varies considerably in different countries, and those which are the best examples of it in See also:

• MODERN

modern times—the See also:

• UNITED

United See also:

• KINGDOM

Kingdom, the United States, See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France and See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany—differ very much in their local institutions, partly through See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical, partly through temperamental, causes . A certain shifting of ideas from See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time to time, as to what is local and what is central, is inevitable, and the same view is not possible in countries of different See also:

• CON

con-figuration, See also:

• HISTORY

history or See also:

• POLITICAL

political system . The history and See also:

• PRESENT

present st See also:

• ATE

ate of the local government in the various countries are dealt with in the See also:

• SEPARATE

separate articles on them (ENGLAND, GERMANY, &c.), in the sections dealing with government and administration, or political institutions . The best See also:

• RECENT

recent See also:

• COMPARATIVE

comparative study of local government is See also:

• PERCY (FAMILY)
• PERCY, SIR HENRY
• PERCY, THOMAS (1729-1811)
• PERCY, THOMAS (c. 156o-16os)

Percy See also:

• ASHLEY, WILLIAM JAMES (186o- )

Ashley's Local and Central Government (See also:

• MURRAY
• MURRAY (or MORAY), EARLS OF
• MURRAY (or MORAY), JAMES STUART, EARL OF (c. 1531-1570)
• MURRAY (or MORAY), SIR ROBERT (c. 1600-1673)
• MURRAY, ALEXANDER STUART (1841-1904)
• MURRAY, DAVID (1849– )
• MURRAY, EUSTACE CLARE GRENVILLE (1824–1881)
• MURRAY, JAMES (c. 1719-1794)
• MURRAY, JOHN
• MURRAY, JOHN (1778–1820)
• MURRAY, LINDLEY (1745–1826)
• MURRAY, LORD GEORGE (1694–1760)
• MURRAY, SIR JAMES AUGUSTUS HENRY (1837– )
• MURRAY, SIR JOHN (1841– )

Murray, 1906), an admirable See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of the See also:

• EVOLUTION

evolution and working of the systems in England, France, See also:

• PRUSSIA
• PRUSSIA (Ger. Preussen; Lat. Borussia)

Prussia and United States . Other important See also:

• WORKS

works, in addition to general works on constitutional See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law, are J . A . Fairlie's Municipal Administration, See also:

• SHAW, GEORGE BERNARD (1856– )
• SHAW, HENRY WHEELER (1818–1885)
• SHAW, LEMUEL (1781–1861)
• SHAW, RICHARD NORMAN (1831– )

Shaw's Municipal Government in See also:

• CONTINENTAL

Continental See also:

• EUROPE

Europe, Redlich and Hirst's Local Government in England, Mr and Mrs See also:

• SIDNEY
• SIDNEY (or SYDNEY), ALGERNON (1622-1683)
• SIDNEY, SIR HENRY (1529-1586)
• SIDNEY, SIR PHILIP (1554-1586)

Sidney See also:

• WEBB, MATTHEW (1848-1883)
• WEBB, SIDNEY (1859– )

Webb's elaborate historical inquiry into English local government (1906), and for Germany, Bornhak's Geschichte See also:

• DES

des preussischen Verwaltungsrechts .