LOMBARDY  , a territorial

division of Italy, bounded N. by The total population of Lombardy was 4,334,099 . In most of the Alps, S. by Emilia, E. by Venetia and W. by Piedmont. the provinces of Lombardy there are far more villages than It is divided into eight provinces, Bergamo, Brescia, Como, in other parts of Italy except Piedmont; this is attributable Cremona, Mantua, Milan, Pavia and Sondrio, and has an area partly to their mountainous character, partly perhaps to security of 9386 sq. m . Milan, the chief city, is the greatest railway from attack by sea (contrast the state of things in Apulia) . centre of Italy; it is in direct communication not only with the Previous to the fall of the Roman republic Lombardy formed other principal towns of Lombardy and the rest of Italy but a part of Gallia Transpadana, and it was Lombardy, Venetia also with the larger towns of France, Germany and Switzerland, and Piedmont, the portion of the Italian peninsula N. of the Po, that did not receive citizenship in 89 B.c. but only Latin rights . Balinese frequently occur . Lombok has been divided since 1898 into the West, Middle and East Lombok . Its chief towns are Mataram, Praya and Sisi . On the west coast the harbour of Ampanam is the most frequented, though, on account of heavy breakers, it is often difficult of approach . The Sasaks are estimated at 320,000, the Balinese at 50,000, Europeans number about 40, Chinese 300, and Arabs 170 . See A . R . Wallace, Malay Archipelago (London, 1869, and later editions) .

The famous " Wallace's

Line " runs immediately west of Lombok, which therefore has an important part in the work . Captain W . Cool, With the Dutch in the East (Amsterdam and London, 1897), in Dutch and English, is a narrative of the events sketched above, and contains many particulars about the folklore and dual religions of Lombok, which, with Bali, forms the last stronghold of Hinduism east of Java .