See also:

• LOMBOK (called by the natives Sasak)

LOMBOK (called by the natives Sasak)  , one of the Lesser Sunda Islands, in the Dutch See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East Indies, E. of See also:

• JAVA

Java, between 8° 12' and 9° 1' S. and 115° 46' and 116° 40' E., with an See also:

• AREA

area of 3136 sq. m . It is separated from See also:

• BALI

Bali by the Strait of See also:

• LOMBOK (called by the natives Sasak)

Lombok and from See also:

• SUMBAWA (Dutch Soembawa)

Sumbawa by the Strait of Alas . Rising out of the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea with bold and often precipitous coasts, Lombok is traversed by two See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

mountain chains . The See also:

• NORTHERN

northern See also:

• CHAIN (through the O. Fr. citable, chcene, &c., from Lat. catena)

chain is of volcanic formation, and contains the See also:

• PEAK, THE

peak of Lombok (11,810 ft.), one of the highest volcanoes in the See also:

• MALAY

Malay See also:

• ARCHIPELAGO

Archipelago . It is surrounded by a See also:

• PLATEAU (a French term, older platel, for a flat piece of wood, metal, &c., from plat, flat)
• PLATEAU, JOSEPH ANTOINE FERDINAND (1801-1883)

plateau (with See also:

• LOWER

lower summits, and a magnificent See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

lake, Segara Anak) 8200 ft. high . The See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern chain rises a little over 3000 ft . Between the two chains is a broad valley or See also:

• TERRACE (Fr. terrace, terrasse, from It. terraccia, terrazzo, Lat. terra, earth)

terrace with a range of See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low volcanic hills . See also:

• FOREST

Forest-clad mountains and stretches of thorny See also:

• JUNGLE (Sans. jangala)

jungle alternating with See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich alluvial plains, cultivated like gardens under an See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient and elaborate See also:

• SYSTEM

system of See also:

• IRRIGATION (Lat. in, and rigare, to water or wet)

irrigation, make the scenery of Lombok exceedingly attractive . The small See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers serve only for irrigation and the growing of See also:

• RICE (Greek 6p6 a, Latin oryza, French riz, Italian riso, Spanish arroz, derived from the Arabic)
• RICE, EDMUND IGNATIUS (1762-1844)
• RICE, JAMES (1843-1882)

rice, which is of See also:

• SUPERIOR

superior quality . In the plains are also grown See also:

• COFFEE (Fr: cafe, Ger. Kaffee)

coffee, See also:

• INDIGO (earlier indico, from Lat. indicum, the Indian sub-stance or dye; the Sans. name was niti, from nila, dark blue, and this through Arab. al-nil, annil, gives " aniline ")

indigo, See also:

• MAIZE, or INDIAN CORN

maize and See also:

• SUGAR

sugar, katyang (native beans), See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

cotton and See also:

• TOBACCO

tobacco . All these products are exported . To the naturalist Lombok is of particular See also:

• INTEREST

interest as the frontier See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island of the Australian region, with its cockatoos and megapods or See also:

• MOUND

mound-builders, its See also:

• PECULIAR

peculiar See also:

• BEE (Sanskrit blza, AS. ben, Lat. apis)

bee-eaters and ground thrushes .

The Sasaks must be considered the See also:

• ABORIGINES

aborigines, as no trace of an earlier See also:

• RACE

race is found . They are Mahommedans and distinct in many other respects from the See also:

• HINDU

Hindu Balinese, who vanquished but could not convert them . The island was formerly divided into the four states of Karang-Asam Lombok on the W. See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side, Mataram in the N.W., Pagarawan in the S.W. and Pagutan in the E . Balinese supremacy dated from the See also:

• CONQUEST

conquest by Agong Dahuran in the beginning of the 19th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century; the See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

union under a single See also:

• RAJA

raja tributary to Bali dated from 1839 . In See also:

• JULY

July 1894 a Dutch expedition landed at Ampanam, and advanced towards Mataram, the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of the Balinese See also:

• SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

sultan, who had defied Dutch authority and refused to send the usual delegation to See also:

• BATAVIA

Batavia . The See also:

• OBJECTS

objects of that expedition were to punish Mataram and to redress the grievances of the Sasaks whom the Balinese held in cruel subjection . The first Dutch expedition met with reverses, and ultimately the invaders were forced back upon Ampanam . The Dutch at once despatched a much stronger expedition, which landed at Ampanam in See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September . Mataram was bombarded by the See also:

• FLEET

fleet, and the troops stormed the sultan's stronghold, and Tjakra Negara, another chieftain's citadel, both after a desperate resistance . The old sultan of Mataram was captured, and he and other Balinese chiefs were exiled to different parts of the Malay Archipelago, whilst the sultan's See also:

• HEIR (Lat. heres, from a root meaning to grasp, seen in heres or erus, master of a house, Gr. xeip, hand, Sans. hat ana, hand)

heir See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell at the hands of his warriors . Thus ended the Balinese domination of Lombok, and the island was placed under See also:

• DIRECT

direct Dutch-See also:

• INDIAN

Indian See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control, an assistant See also:

• RESIDENT

resident being appointed at Ampanam . Lombok is now administered from Bali by the Dutch resident on that island .

The See also:

• PEOPLE

people, however, are in undisturbed exercise of their own See also:

• LAWS

laws, religions, customs and institutions . Disturbances between the Sasaks and the Lombok (176o), and in 1763 was translated to the archbishopric of See also:

• TOULOUSE
• TOULOUSE, LOUIS ALEXANDRE DE BOURBON, COUNT OF (1678-1737)

Toulouse . He had many famous See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends, among them A . R . J . See also:

• TURGOT, ANNE ROBERT JACQUES, BARON DE

Turgot, the See also:

• ABBE (Serbo-Croatian Rai))

Abbe A . See also:

• MORELLET, ANDRE (1727-1819)

Morellet and See also:

• VOLTAIRE, FRANCOIS MARIE AROUET DE (1694–1778)

Voltaire, and in 1770 became an academician . He was on three occasions the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the See also:

• BUREAU (a Fr. word from burel or bureau, a coarse cloth used for coverings)

bureau de See also:

• JURISDICTION
• JURISDICTION, CRIMINAL LAW, DIVORCE

jurisdiction at the See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

assembly of the See also:

• CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)
• CLERGY, BENEFIT OF

clergy; he also took an interest in See also:

• POLITICAL

political and social questions of the See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day, and addressed to Turgot a number of me-moires on these subjects, one of them, treating of See also:

• PAUPERISM (Lat. pauper, poor)

pauperism, being especially remarkable . In 1787 he was nominated as See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the Assembly of Notables, in which capacity he attacked the fiscal policy of See also:

• CALONNE
• CALONNE, CHARLES ALEXANDRE DE (1734-1802)

Calonne, whom he succeeded as head of the conseil See also:

• DES

des finances on the 1st of May 1787 . Once in See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power, he succeeded in making the See also:

• PARLEMENT (see PARLIAMENT)

parlement See also:

• REGISTER

register edicts dealing with See also:

• INTERNAL

internal See also:

• FREE

free See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade, the See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment of provincial assemblies and the redemption of the corvee; on their refusal to register edicts on the See also:

• STAMP (from " to stamp," to strike or tread heavily, hence to impress, O. Eng. stempen, Du. stampen, Ger. stampfen, whence, O. Fr. estamper, mod. etamper)

stamp See also:

• DUTY (from " due," that which is owing, O. Fr. deu, dil, past participle of devoir; Lat. debere, debitum; cf. " debt ")

duty and the proposed new general See also:

• LAND

land-tax, he persuaded the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king to hold a lit de See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice, to enforce their See also:

• REGISTRATION

registration . To crush the opposition to these See also:

• MEASURES

measures, he persuaded the king to See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile the parlement to See also:

• TROYES

Troyes (See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 15th, 1787) . On the agreement of the parlement to See also:

• SANCTION (Lat. sanctia, from sancire, to decree or ordain)

sanction a prolongation for two years to the tax of the two vingtiemes (a direct tax on all kinds of income), in lieu of the above two taxes, he recalled the councillors to See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris .

But a further See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt to force the parlement to register an See also:

• EDICT (Lat. edictum, from e, out, and dicere, to say, speak)

edict for raising a See also:

• LOAN (adapted from the Scandinavian form of a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Swed. Mn, Icel. lan, Dut. leen; the O.E. laen appears in " lend," the ultimate source is seen in the root of Gr. Xeiaecv and Lat. linquere, to leave)

loan of 120 million livres met with determined opposition . The struggle of the parlement against the incapacity of Brienne ended on the 8th of May in its consenting to an edict for its own abolition; but with the proviso that the states-general should be summoned to remedy the disorders of the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state . Brienne, who had in the meantime been made See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

archbishop of See also:

• SENS

Sens, now found himself See also:

• FACE (from Lat. fades, derived either from facere, to make, or from a root fa-, meaning " appear "; cf. Gr. cbatvstv)

face to face with almost universal opposition; he was forced to suspend the Cour pleniere which had been set up to take the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of the parlement, and himself to promise that the states-general should be summoned . But even these concessions were not able to keep him in power, and on the 29th of August he had to retire, leaving the See also:

• TREASURY

treasury empty . On the 15th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December following, he was made a See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

cardinal, and went to See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy, where he spent two years . After the outbreak of the Revolution he returned to See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, and took the See also:

• OATH (0. Eng. ddh)

oath of the See also:

• CIVIL

Civil Constitution of the Clergy in 1790 (see See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

FRENCH REVOLUTION) . He was repudiated by the See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope, and in 1791 had to give up the See also:

• BIRETTA (Ital. berretta, Med. Lat. biretum, birettum, dim. of birrus, " a hooded cloak "; from the Fr. form barrette is derived the Eng. " barret-cap ")

biretta at the command of See also:

• PIUS

Pius VI . Both his past and See also:

• PRESENT

present conduct made him an See also:

• OBJECT

object of suspicion to the revolutionaries; he was arrested at Sens on the 9th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1993, and died in See also:

• PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison, either of an apoplectic stroke or by See also:

• POISON

poison, on the 16th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1794 . The See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• WORKS

works published by Brienne are: Oraison funebre du Dauphin (Paris, 1766) ; Compte-rendu au roi (Paris, 1788) ; Le Conciliateur, in collaboration with Turgot (See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome, Paris, 1754) . See also J . Perrin, Le Cardinal Lomenie de Brienne ... episodes de la Revolution (Sens, 1896) .