See also:

• LONDONDERRY
• LONDONDERRY, CHARLES WILLIAM STEWART (VANE), 3RD MARQUESS
• LONDONDERRY, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF
• LONDONDERRY, or DERRY
• LONDONDERRY, ROBERT STEWART, 2ND MARQUESS OF (1769-1822)

LONDONDERRY, or DERRY  , a See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city, See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county of a city, See also:

• PARLIAMENTARY

parliamentary See also:

• BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
• BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)

borough (returning one member) and the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• TOWN

town of Co . See also:

• LONDONDERRY
• LONDONDERRY, CHARLES WILLIAM STEWART (VANE), 3RD MARQUESS
• LONDONDERRY, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF
• LONDONDERRY, or DERRY
• LONDONDERRY, ROBERT STEWART, 2ND MARQUESS OF (1769-1822)

Londonderry, See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland, 4 M. from the junction of the See also:

• RIVER

river Foyle with Lough Foyle, and 95 M . N.N.W. of See also:

• BELFAST

Belfast . Pop . (1901) 38,892 . The city is situated on an See also:

• EMINENCE (Lat. eminentia)

eminence rising abruptly from the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the river to a height of about 120 ft . The eminence is surrounded by hills which reach, a few See also:

• MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles to the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north, an See also:

• ELEVATION

elevation of upwards of 1500 ft., and the river and lough See also:

• COMPLETE

complete an admirable picture . The city is surrounded by an See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient rampart about a mile in circumference, having seven See also:

• GATES, HORATIO (1728-1806)

gates and several bastions, but buildings now extend beyond this boundary . The See also:

• SUMMIT

summit of the See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

hill, at the centre of the town, is occupied by a quadrangular See also:

• AREA

area from which the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main streets diverge . Some old houses with high pyramidal gables remain but are much modernized . The See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral of St See also:

• COLUMBA, SAINT (Irish, Colum)

Columba, in Perpendicular See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style, was completed from the See also:

• DESIGN (Fr. desiin, drawing; Lat. designare, to mark out)

design of See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• VANBRUGH, SIR JOHN (1664-1726)

Vanbrugh in 1633, at a cost of £4000 contributed by the city of See also:

• LONDON

London, and was enlarged and restored in 1887 . The See also:

• SPIRE

spire was added in 1778 and rebuilt in 1802 .

The See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop's See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace, erected in 1716, occupies the site of the See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

abbey founded by Columba . The See also:

• ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
• ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
• ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
• ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
• ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)

abbot of this monastery, on being made bishop, erected in 1164 See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

Temple More or the " See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church," one of the finest buildings in Ireland previous to the Anglo-See also:

• NORMAN
• NORMAN, SIR HENRY WYLIE (1826-1904)

Norman invasion . The See also:

• ORIGINAL

original abbey church was called the " See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

Black Church," but both it and the " Great Church " were demolished in 1600 and their materials used in fortifying the city . There is a large See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic cathedral, erected c . 1870 and dedicated to St See also:

• EUGENIUS

Eugenius . For Foyle See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, founded in 1617, a new See also:

• BUILDING

building was erected in 1814 . This and the Academical Institution, a See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation of 1868, were amalgamated in 1896 . See also:

• MAGEE, WILLIAM (1766—1831)
• MAGEE, WILLIAM CONNOR (1821-1891)

Magee College, taking its name from its foundress, Mrs Magee of See also:

• DUBLIN

Dublin, was instituted in 1857 as a training-school for the Presbyterian See also:

• MINISTRY

ministry . The See also:

• STAPLE

staple manufacture of the town is See also:

• LINEN

linen (especially See also:

• SHIRT

shirt-making), and there are also See also:

• SHIPBUILDING

shipbuilding yards, See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron-foundries, saw-See also:

• MILLS, JOHN (d. 1736)
• MILLS, ROGER QUARLES (1832– )

mills, manure-See also:

• WORKS

works, distilleries, breweries and See also:

• FLOUR

flour-mills. rbe See also:

• SALMON
• SALMON, GEORGE (1819-1904)

salmon See also:

• FISHERY (LAW OF)

fishery on the Foyle is valuable . The river affords•a commodious See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour, its greatest See also:

• DEPTH

depth being 33 ft. at high See also:

• TIDE (O. Eng. lid, cf. Ger. Zeit, time or season, connected with root of Sanskrit a-diti, endless)

tide, and 12 ft. at See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low tide . It is under the See also:

• JURISDICTION
• JURISDICTION, CRIMINAL LAW, DIVORCE

jurisdiction of the Irish Society . The See also:

• PORT

port has a considerable See also:

• SHIPPING

shipping See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade with Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain, exporting agricultural produce and provisions .

See also:

• REGULAR

Regular services of passenger steamers serve Londonderry from See also:

• GLASGOW

Glasgow, See also:

• LIVERPOOL
• LIVERPOOL, EARLS
• LIVERPOOL, EARLS OF

Liverpool, See also:

• MORECAMBE

Morecambe, Belfast and See also:

• LOCAL

local See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast stations . In 1898 Londonderry was constituted one of the six county boroughs which have See also:

• SEPARATE

separate county See also:

• COUNCILS

councils . About 5 M . W. of the city, on a hill 803 ft. high, is a remarkable fort, consisting of three concentric ramparts, and an interior fortification of See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone . It is named the Grianan of Aileach, and was a See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence of the O'Neills, See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings of See also:

• ULSTER
• ULSTER, EARLS OF

Ulster . It was restored in 1878 . Derry, the original name of Londonderry, is derived from Doire, the "See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of oaks." It owes its origin to the monastery founded by Columba about 546 . With the bishopric which arose in connexion with this foundation, that of Raphoe was amalgamated in 1834 . From the 9th to the 11th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century the town was frequently in the See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of the Danes, and was of ten devastated, but they were finally driven from it by Murtagh O'Brien about the beginning of the 12th century . In 1311 it was granted by See also:

• EDWARD

Edward II. to See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard de See also:

• BURGH [BOURKE, BURKE]
• BURGH, HUBERT DE (d. 1243)

Burgh . After the Irish Society of London obtained possession of it, it was incorporated in 1613 under the name of Londonderry . From this See also:

• YEAR

year until the See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

Union in "Soo two members were returned to the Irish See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament .

The fortifications, which were begun in 1600, were completed in 1618 . In 1688 Derry had become the chief stronghold of the Protestants of the north . On the 7th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December certain of the apprentices in the city practically put themselves and it in a See also:

• STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage of See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege by closing the gates, and on the 19th of See also:

• APRIL

April 1689 the forces of See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James II. began in See also:

• EARNEST (probably a corruption of the obsolete arles or erles, adapted from Lat. equivalent arrha, due to a confusion with the adjective " earnest," serious, O. Eng. eornust, cognate with Ger. ernst)

earnest the famous siege of Derry . The See also:

• RECTOR (Lat. for " ruler," " guide," &c., from regere, " rule ")

rector of Donaghmore, See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George See also:

• WALKER, FRANCIS AMASA (1840-1897)
• WALKER, FREDERICK (184o--1875)
• WALKER, GEORGE (c. 1618-169o)
• WALKER, HENRY OLIVER (1843— )
• WALKER, HORATIO (1858– )
• WALKER, JOHN (1732—1807)
• WALKER, OBADIAH (1616-1699)
• WALKER, ROBERT (d. c. 1658)
• WALKER, ROBERT JAMES (1801-1869)
• WALKER, SEARS COOK (1805—1853)
• WALKER, THOMAS (1784—1836)
• WALKER, WILLIAM (1824-1860)

Walker, who, with See also:

• MAJOR
• MAJOR (Lat. for " greater ")
• MAJOR (or MAIR), JOHN (1470-1550)

Major See also:

• BAKER, HENRY (1698-1774)
• BAKER, SIR BENJAMIN (1840-1907)
• BAKER, SIR RICHARD (1568-1644/5)
• BAKER, SIR SAMUEL WHITE (1821-1893)
• BAKER, THOMAS (1656-1740)
• BAKER, VALENTINE [BAKER PASHA] (1827-1887)

Baker, was chosen to govern Derry, established fame for himself for his bravery and hopefulness during this See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period of privation, and the historic See also:

• ANSWER (derived from and, against, and the same root as swear)

answer of " No surrender," which became the watchword of the men of Derry, was given to the proposals of the besiegers . The See also:

• GARRISON
• GARRISON, WILLIAM LLOYD (1805-1879)

garrison was at the last extremity when, on the 3oth of See also:

• JULY

July, See also:

• SHIPS

ships See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke through the obstruction across the harbour and brought See also:

• RELIEF

relief . Walker and the siege are commemorated by a lofty See also:

• COLUMN (Lat. columna)

column (1828), bearing a statue of the See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor, on the Royal See also:

• BASTION (through the Fr. from late Lat. bastire, to build)

Bastion, from which the town See also:

• STANDARDS

standards defied the enemy; and the anniversary of the relief is still observed .