See also:

• LONGOMONTANUS (or LONGBERG), CHRISTIAN

LONGOMONTANUS (or LONGBERG), See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

CHRISTIAN  SEVERIN (1562-1647), Danish astronomer, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at 'the See also:

• VILLAGE

village of Longberg in See also:

• JUTLAND (Danish Jylland)

Jutland, See also:

• DENMARK
• DENMARK (Danmark)

Denmark, on the 4th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1562 . The appellation See also:

• LONGOMONTANUS (or LONGBERG), CHRISTIAN

Longomontanus was a Latinized See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of the name of his birthplace . His See also:

• FATHER

father, a poor labourer called Soren, or Severin, died when he was eight years old . An See also:

• UNCLE

uncle thereupon took See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of him, and procured him instruction at Lemvig; but after three years sent him back to his See also:

• MOTHER

mother, who needed his help in See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field-See also:

• WORK

work . She agreed, however, to permit him to study during the See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter months with the See also:

• CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)
• CLERGY, BENEFIT OF

clergy-See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man of the See also:

• PARISH (Gr. irapouda, district, neighbourhood; 7r&poucos, one dwelling near or beside, from crap&, OtKOS, house; Lat. paroecur, Late Lat. parochia; cf. Fr. paroisse)

parish; and this arrangement subsisted until 1577, when the illwill of some of his relatives and his own See also:

• DESIRE

desire for knowledge impelled him to run away to See also:

• VIBORG
• VIBORG (Finnish Viipuri)

Viborg . There he attended the See also:

• GRAMMAR (from Lat. grammatica, sc. ars; Gr. ypaµ)

grammar-school, defraying his expenses by See also:

• MANUAL

manual labour, and carried with him to See also:

• COPENHAGEN (Danish Kjobenhavn)

Copenhagen in 1588 a high reputation for learning and ability . Engaged by Tycho See also:

• BRAHE, PER, COUNT (1602-1680)
• BRAHE, TYCHO (1546-1601)

Brahe in 1589 as his assistant in his See also:

• GREAT

great astronomical See also:

• OBSERVATORY

observatory of Uraniborg, he rendered him invaluable services there during eight years . He quitted the See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island of Hveen with his See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master, but obtained his See also:

• DISCHARGE (adapted from the O. Fr. discharge, modern decharge, from a med. Lat. discargare, to unload, dis- and earn care, to load, cf. " charge ")

discharge at Copenhagen on the 1st of See also:

• JUNE

June 1597, for the purpose of studying at some See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German See also:

• UNIVERSITIES

universities . He rejoined Tycho at See also:

• PRAGUE (Ger. Prag; Bohemian Praha)

Prague in See also:

• JANUARY

January 1600, and having completed the Tychonic lunar theory, turned homeward again in See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August . He visited See also:

• FRAUENBURG

Frauenburg, where See also:

• COPERNICUS (or KOPPERNIGK), NICOLAUS (1473-1543)

Copernicus had made his observations, took a master's degree at See also:

• ROSTOCK

Rostock, and at Copenhagen found a See also:

• PATRON

patron in See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian See also:

• FRIIS, JOHAN (1494-1570)

Friis, See also:

• CHANCELLOR (M. Eng. and Anglo-Fr. canceler, chanceler, Fr. chancelier, Lat. cancellarius)

chancellor of Denmark, who gave him employment in his See also:

• HOUSEHOLD, ROYAL

household . Appointed in 1603 See also:

• RECTOR (Lat. for " ruler," " guide," &c., from regere, " rule ")

rector of the school of Viborg, he was elected two years later to a professorship in the university of Copenhagen, and his promotion to the See also:

• CHAIR (in. Mid. Eng. chcere, through O. Fr. chaire or chaiere, from Lat. cathedra, later caledra, Gr. xaOi3pa, seat, cf. "cathedral"; the modern Fr. form chaise, a chair, has been adopted in English with a particular meaning as a form of carriage; chaire

chair of See also:

• MATHEMATICS (Gr. /saBnµar1Kil, Sc. vOcvn or E7rlQTt'µn; from p iN.La, "learning" or "science ")

mathematics ensued in 1607 . This See also:

• POST

post he held till his See also:

• DEATH

death, on the 8th of October 1647 .

Longomontanus, although an excellent astronomer, was not an advanced thinker . He adhered to Tycho's erroneous views about See also:

• REFRACTION
• REFRACTION (Lat. refringere, to break open or apart)

refraction, held comets to be messengers of evil and imagined that he had squared the circle . He found that the circle whose See also:

• DIAMETER (from the Cr. &a, through, µErpov, measure)

diameter is 43 has for its circumference the square See also:

• ROOT (late O.E. rot, adopted from Scand., cf. Norw. and Swed. rot, Dan. rod; the true O.E. word was wyrt, plant, represented in Ger. Wurz or Wurzel; the ultimate root is the same in both words, and is seen in Lat. radix)
• ROOT, ELIHU (1845– )

root of 18252—which gives 3.14185 . . . for the value of r . See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• PELL, JOHN (16so-1685)

Pell and others vainly endeavoured to convince him of his See also:

• ERROR (Lat. error, from errare, to wander, to err)

error . He inaugurated, at Copenhagen in 1632, the erection of a stately astronomical See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

tower, but did not live to See also:

• WITNESS
• WITNESS (from O. Eng. witan, to know)

witness its completion . Christian IV. of Denmark, to whom he dedicated his Astronomia Danko, an exposition of the Tychonic See also:

• SYSTEM

system of the See also:

• WORLD

world, conferred upon him the canonry of Lunden in See also:

• SCHLESWIG (Dan. Slesvig)

Schleswig . The following is a See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list of his more important See also:

• WORKS

works in mathematics and See also:

• ASTRONOMY (from Gr. &arpov, a star, and v ,usiv, to classify or arrange)

astronomy: Systematis Mathematici, &c . (1611) ; Cyclometria e Lunulis reciproce demonstrata, &c . (1612) ; Disputatio de Eclipsibus (1616) ; Astronomia Danica, &c . (1622) ; Disputationes quatuor Astrologicae (1622); Pentas Problematum Philosophiae (1623); De Chronolabio Historico, seu de Tempore Disputationes tres (1627); Geometriae quaesita XIII. de Cyclometria rationali et See also:

• VERA, AUGUSTO (1813-1885)

vera (1631); Inventio Quadraturae Circuli (1634); Disputatio de Matheseos See also:

• INDOLE

Indole (1636); Coronis Problematica ex Mysteriis trium Numerorum (1637); Problemata duo Goemetriaa (1638); Problema contra Paulum Guldinum de Circuli Mensura (1638) ; Introductio in Theatrum Astronomicum (1639) ; Rotundi in Plano, &c . (1644) ; Admiranda Operatio trium Numerorum 6, 7, 8, &c .

(1645) ; Caput tertium Libri primi de absoluta Mensura Rotundi plani, &c . (1646) . See E . P . F . Vindingius, Regia Academia Havinensis, p . 212 (1665) ; R . Nyerup and Kraft, Almindeligt Litteraturlexikon, p . 350 (1820); Ch . G . Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-lexikon, ii . 2518, iii .

2111; Jens See also:

• WORM

Worm, ForsOg til et Lexikon over danske, norske og islandske laerde Maend, p . 617, 1771, &c.; P . See also:

• BAYLE, PIERRE (1647-1706)

Bayle, Hist. and Grit . See also:

• DICTIONARY

Dictionary, iii . 861 (2nd ed . 1736); J . B . J . See also:

• DELAMBRE, JEAN BAPTISTE JOSEPH (1749-1822)

Delambre, Hist. de l'astr. moderne, i . 262; J . S . See also:

• BAILLY, JEAN SYLVAIN (1736-1793)

Bailly, Hist. de l'astr. moderne, ii .

141; J . L . E . Dreyer, Tycho Brahe, pp . 126, 259, 288, 299; F . Hoeffer, Hist. de l'astronomie, p . 391; J . Madler, Geschichte der Himmelskunde, i . 195; J . F . Weidler, Hist . Astronomiae, p .

451 .