EARLS OF See also:

• EARLS OF LONSDALE
• LONSDALE, WILLIAM (1994-1871)

LONSDALE  . This See also:

• ENGLISH

English earldom is held by the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• FAMILY

family of Lowther, which traces its descent to See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• HUGH
• HUGH, ST

Hugh Lowther, who flourished in the reign of See also:

• EDWARD

Edward I . Sir Hugh's descendant Sir See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard Lowther (1529--1607) received See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen of Scots on her See also:

• FLIGHT

flight into See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England in 1568, and in the two following years was concerned with his See also:

• BROTHER

brother See also:

• GERARD (c. 1040-1120)
• GERARD (d. I1o8)
• GERARD, ETIENNE MAURICE, COUNT (1773–1852)
• GERARD, FRANCOIS, BARON (1770-1837)
• GERARD, JEAN IGNACE ISIDORE (1803-1847)
• GERARD, JOHN (1545-1612)
• GERARD, or GIRARD, AUDRAN

Gerard in attempts to See also:

• RELEASE (O.Fr. reles, variant of relais, from relaisser, to release, let go, Lat. relaxare)

release her from captivity . He was See also:

• SHERIFF

sheriff of See also:

• CUMBERLAND
• CUMBERLAND, DUKES AND EARLS OF
• CUMBERLAND, RICHARD (1632-1718)
• CUMBERLAND, RICHARD (1732-1811)
• CUMBERLAND, WILLIAM AUGUSTUS

Cumberland and See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord See also:

• WARDEN

warden of the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west See also:

• MARCHES, THE (It. Le Marche)

marches . A See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house built by Gerard Lowther at See also:

• PENRITH

Penrith is now the " Two Lions See also:

• INN

Inn." Sir Richard's eldest son, Sir See also:

• CHRISTOPHER, SAINT (Christophorus, Christoferus)

Christopher Lowther (d . 1617), was the ancestor of the later Lowthers, and another son, Sir Gerard Lowther (d . 1624), was See also:

• JUDGE (Lat. judex, Fr. juge)

judge of the See also:

• COMMON

common pleas in See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland . One of Sir Christopher's descendants was Sir See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John Lowther, See also:

• BART, JEAN (1651-1702)

Bart . (d . 1706), the founder of the See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade of See also:

• WHITEHAVEN

Whitehaven, andanother was John Lowther (165,5—1700), who was created See also:

• VISCOUNT (through O. Fr. viscomte, mod. vicomte, from Low Lat. vice-comes, cf. Portug. visconde, Ital. visconte)

Viscount See also:

• LONSDALE, EARLS OF
• LONSDALE, WILLIAM (1994-1871)

Lonsdale in 1696 . Before this creation John had succeeded his grandfather, another Sir John Lowther (d . 1675), as a See also:

• BARONET

baronet, and had been member of See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament for See also:

• WESTMORLAND
• WESTMORLAND, EARLS OF

Westmorland from 1675 to 1696 .

In 1688 he was serviceable in securing Cumberland and Westmorland for See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William of See also:

• ORANGE
• ORANGE (Citrus Aurantium)
• ORANGE, HOUSE OF

Orange; in 1690 he was first lord of the See also:

• TREASURY

treasury, and he was lord privy See also:

• SEAL
• SEAL, FUR
• SEAL, HAIR

seal from See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1699 until his See also:

• DEATH

death in See also:

• JULY

July 1700 . Lonsdale wrote See also:

• MEMOIRS

Memoirs of thee Reign of See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James II., which were printed in 18o8 and again in 1857 . His family became See also:

• EXTINCT

extinct when his son . See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry, the 3rd viscount (1694—1751), died unmarried in March 1751 . James Lowther, 1st See also:

• EARL

earl of Lonsdale (1736—1802), was a son of See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert Lowther (d . 1745) of Maulds Meaburn, Westmorland., who was for some See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of See also:

• BARBADOS, or BARBADOES

Barbados, and was descended from Sir Christopher Lowther; through his See also:

• MOTHER

mother See also:

• CATHERINE
• CATHERINE, SAINT

Catherine Pennington, James was a See also:

• GREAT

great-See also:

• GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson of the 1st viscount Lonsdale . He inherited one of the family baronetcies in 1751; and from three See also:

• SOURCES

sources he obtained immense See also:

• WEALTH

wealth, being the See also:

• HEIR (Lat. heres, from a root meaning to grasp, seen in heres or erus, master of a house, Gr. xeip, hand, Sans. hat ana, hand)

heir of the 3rd viscount Lonsdale, of Sir James Lowther, Bart . (d . 1755) of Whitehaven, and of Sir William Lowther, Bart . (d . 1756) . From 1757 to 1784 he was a member of parliament, exercising enormous See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence on elections in the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north of England and usually controlling nine seats in the House of See also:

• COMMONS

Commons,.. where his nominees were known as " Sir James's ninepins." He secured the See also:

• ELECTION
• ELECTION (from Lat. eligere, to pick out)

election of William See also:

• PITT, THOMAS (1653-1726)
• PITT, WILLIAM (1759-1806)

Pitt as member for his See also:

• BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
• BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)

borough of See also:

• APPLEBY

Appleby in 1781, and his dispute with the 3rd See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• PORTLAND
• PORTLAND, EARL OF
• PORTLAND, ISLE OF
• PORTLAND, WILLIAM BENTINCK, EARL
• PORTLAND, WILLIAM HENRY CAVENDISH BENTINCK

Portland over the See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of the See also:

• SOCAGE

socage See also:

• MANOR

manor of See also:

• CARLISLE
• CARLISLE, EARLS OF

Carlisle and the See also:

• FOREST

forest of Inglewood gave rise to lengthy proceedings, both in parliament and in the See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law courts .

In 1784 Lowther was created earl of Lonsdale and in 1797 Viscount Lowther with an extended See also:

• REMAINDER, REVERSION

remainder . The earl's enormous wealth enabled him to gratify his See also:

• POLITICAL

political ambitions . Sir N . W . See also:

• WRAXALL, SIR NATHANIEL WILLIAM (1751-1831)

Wraxall (See also:

• HISTORICAL

Historical and See also:

• POSTHUMOUS

Posthumous Memoirs, ed . H.B . See also:

• WHEATLEY, FRANCIS (1747–1801)

Wheatley, 1884), who gives interesting glimpses of his See also:

• LIFE

life, speaks of his " prodigious See also:

• PROPERTY

property " and quotes See also:

• JUNIUS
• JUNIUS, FRANZ (in French, Francois du Jon)

Junius, who called him " the little contemptible See also:

• TYRANT (Gr. r6pavvos, master, ruler)

tyrant of the north." He was known as the " See also:

• BAD, BCD

bad earl," and See also:

• HORACE [QuINTus HORATIUS FLACCUS] (65-8 B.C.)

Horace See also:

• WALPOLE, HORATIO
• WALPOLE, SIR SPENCER (1839-1907)

Walpole and others speak slightingly of him; he was, however, a benefactor to Whitehaven, where he boasted he owned the " See also:

• LAND

land, See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire and See also:

• WATER

water." He married Mary (1768—1824) daughter of See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George .I1I.'s favourite, John See also:

• STUART, ARABELLA (1575-1615)
• STUART, GILBERT (1755-x828)
• STUART, JAMES EWELL BROWN (1833-1864)
• STUART, JOHN
• STUART, MOSES (1780-1852)
• STUART, SIR JOHN, COUNT

Stuart, 3rd earl of See also:

• BUTE
• BUTE, JOHN STUART, 3RD EARL OF (1713-1792)

Bute, but died childless on the 24th of May 1802, when the earldom became extinct; but a kinsman, Sir William Lowther, Bart . (1757—1844), of Swillington, became 2nd viscount Lowther . This viscount, who was created earl of Lonsdale in 1807, is chiefly famous as the friend of See also:

• WORDSWORTH, CHARLES (1806–1892)
• WORDSWORTH, CHRISTOPHER (1774–1846)
• WORDSWORTH, CHRISTOPHER (1807–1885)
• WORDSWORTH, DOROTHY (1771-1855)
• WORDSWORTH, WILLIAM (1770-185o)

Wordsworth and the builder of Lowther See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

Castle, Penrith . His son, William Lowther, 3rd earl of Lonsdale (1787-1872), held several subordinate positions in various Tory ministries, and was lord See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council in 1852 . He died unmarried, and was succeeded by his See also:

• NEPHEW

nephew Henry (1818—1876), whose. son Hugh See also:

• CECIL

Cecil (b . 1857) succeeded his brother as 6th earl of Lonsdale in 1882 .

Other prominent members of the Lowther family are the Right Hon . James William Lowther (b . 1855), who became See also:

• SPEAKER

speaker of the House of Commons in 19o5; Sir Gerard See also:

• AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

Augustus Lowther (b . 1858), who became See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• AMBASSADOR (also EMBASSADOR, the form sometimes still used in America; from the Fr. ambassadeur, with which compare Ital. ambasciatore and Span. embajador, all variants of the Med. Lat. ambassiator, ambassiator, ambasator, &c., derived from Med. Lat. amba

ambassador at See also:

• CONSTANTINOPLE
• CONSTANTINOPLE, COUNCILS OF

Constantinople in 1908; and the Right Hon . James Lowther (1840-19o4), who was a well-known Conservative member of parliament from 1865 . onwards, and See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief secretary for Ireland from 1878 to 1880 ..