FERNAO See also:

• FERNAO LOPES (138o?—1459?)

LOPES (138o?—1459?)  , the See also:

• PATRIARCH (M.E. and O. Fr. patriarche, Lat. patriarcha, Gr. aarpuipxtis, from srarptu., clan, and apxil, rule)

patriarch of Portuguese historians, was appointed keeper of the royal archives, then housed in the See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle of St See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George in See also:

• LISBON (Lisboa)

Lisbon, by See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John I. in See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1418 . He acted as private secretary to the Infants D . Duarte and D . Fernando, and when the *former ascended the See also:

• THRONE

throne he charged See also:

• LOPES, FERNAO (138o?—1459?)

Lopes, by See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter of the 19th of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1434, with the See also:

• WORK

work of " putting into See also:

• CHRONICLES, BOOKS OF

chronicles the stories of the See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings of old See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time as well as the See also:

• GREAT

great and lofty actions of the most virtuous king my See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord and See also:

• FATHER

father " (John I.) . The See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of the See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment marked its limits, and is a sufficient reply to those See also:

• MODERN

modern critics who have censured Lopes for partiality . Not-withstanding his See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief chronicler of the See also:

• REALM

realm, he was the king's See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man ( Vassallodel Rei), and received his See also:

• SALARY

salary from the royal See also:

• TREASURY

treasury . King See also:

• ALPHONSO

Alphonso V. confirmed him in his See also:

• POST

post by letter of the 3rd of See also:

• JUNE

June 1449, and in 1454, after See also:

• THIRTY

thirty-six years' service in the archives and twenty as chronicler, he resigned in favour of See also:

• GOMEZ, DIOGO (DIEGO) (ff. 1440-1482)

Gomez Eannes de See also:

• AZURARA, GOMES EANNES DE (?-1474)

Azurara . The latter pays a See also:

• TRIBUTE (Lat. tributurn, a stated payment, contribution)

tribute to his predecessor as " a notable See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person, a man of rare knowledge and great authority," and the modern historian Herculano says, " there is not only See also:

• HISTORY

history in the chronicles of Fernao Lopes, there is See also:

• POETRY

poetry and See also:

• DRAMA (literally "action," from Gr. Snail, act or do)

drama as well; there is the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age with its faith, its See also:

• ENTHUSIASM

enthusiasm, its love of See also:

• GLORY (through the O. Fr. glorie, modern gloire, from Lat. gloria, cognate with Gr. KXebs, abets)

glory." Lopes has been called the Portuguese See also:

• FROISSART, JEAN (1338-1410?)

Froissart, and that rare See also:

• GIFT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. die Gift, gift, das Gift, poison, formed from the Teut. stem gab-, to give, cf. Dutch geven, Ger. geben; in O. Eng. the word appears with initial y, the guttural of later English is due to Scandinavian influence)

gift, the See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power of making their subjects live, is See also:

• COMMON

common to the two writers; indeed, had the former written in a better-known See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language, there can be little doubt that the See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

opinion of critics would have confirmed that of See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert See also:

• SOUTHEY, ROBERT (1774-1843)

Southey, who called Lopes " beyond all comparison the best chronicler of any age or nation." Lopes was the first to put in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order the stories of the earlier Portuguese monarchs, and he composed a general See also:

• CHRONICLE (from Gr. Xpovos, time)

chronicle of the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom, which, though it never appeared under his name, almost certainly served as a See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation for the chronicles of Ruy de See also:

• PINA, RUY DE (1440-1521)

Pina (q.v.) . Lopes prepared himself for his work with care and See also:

• DILIGENCE

diligence, as he tells us, not only by wide See also:

• READING

reading of books 'n different See also:

• LANGUAGES

languages, but also by a study of the archives be-longing to municipalities, monasteries and churches, both in See also:

• PORTUGAL

Portugal and See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain . He is usually a trustworthy See also:

• GUIDE (in Mid. Eng. gyde, from the Fr. guide; the earlier French form was guie, English " guy," the d was due to the Italian form guida; the ultimate origin is probably Teutonic, the word being connected with the base seen in O. Eng. witan, to know)

guide in facts, and charms the reader by the naive simplicity of his See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style . His See also:

• WORKS

works that have come down are: (I) Chronica del Rei D . Joao I. de See also:

• BOA

boa memoria, parts i and 2 (Lisbon, 1644) .

The third See also:

• PART

part See also:

• RELATING

relating the See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture of See also:

• CEUTA (Arabic Sebta)

Ceuta was added by Azurara . A corrected See also:

• TEXT (Lat. textum, woven fabric, from texere, to weave)

text of the chronicle has been issued by instalments in the Archivo Historico Portuguez . (2) Chronica do senhor rei D . Pedro L," in vol. iv, of the Colleccao de Livros Ineditos da Historic Portugueza, published by the See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy of Sciences (Lisbon, 1816) ; a much better text than that published by Father Bayao in his edition ofthe same chronicle (Lisbon, 176o) . (3) Chronica do senhor rei D . Fernando published in the same See also:

• VOLUME

volume and collection . The See also:

• BRITISH

British Museum has some important 16th-See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century See also:

• MSS

MSS. of the chronicles . See Damiao de Goes, Chronica del Rei Dom Manoel, part iv. ch . 38 ; Araago Morato, introduction to vol. iv. of the above collection; Herculano, Opusculos, vol. v . (E .