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LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard...

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Originally appearing in Volume V16, Page 992 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of See also:bread, hlIf, See also:loaf; the word is not represented in any other See also:Teutonic See also:language)  , in its See also:primary sense, the See also:head of a See also:household, the See also:master of those dependent on him for their daily See also:bread, correlative to O . Eng. hldf-aita, See also:loaf-eater, servant; the word frequently occurs in this sense in the See also:Bible, cf . Matt. See also:xxiv . 45• As a See also:term implying the ownership of See also:property, " See also:lord " survives in " lord of the See also:manor " and " landlord." The See also:chief applications are due to its use as the See also:equivalent of See also:Lat. See also:dominus, Gr . K6plos and Fr. seigneur; thus in the Old Testament it represents Yahweh, See also:Jehovah, and in the New Testament K6pws, as a See also:title of Jesus See also:Christ . See also:Selden's words may be quoted for the more See also:general meanings of " lord "; " the name Dominus is .. . to be thought of only as a distinguishing attribute of Greatness and as our See also:English word Lord is; and that without any relation of it to an See also:Interest of property or to See also:servitude, and only as it denotes such Superiours as See also:King or Subjects of the greater See also:Nobility with us and men of See also:special Eminency in other States, known by the names of See also:Heeren, Dons, Sieurs, signiors, seigneurs ... and the like." It is thus not only a general word for a See also:prince or See also:sovereign, but also the See also:common word for a feudal See also:superior, and particularly of a feudal See also:tenant holding directly of the king, a See also:baron (q.v.), hence a peer of the See also:realm, a member of the See also:House of Lords, constituted of the lords temporal and the lords spiritual; this is the chief See also:modern usage . The prefix " lord " is ordinarily used as a less formal alternative to the full title, whether held by right or by See also:courtesy, of See also:marquess, See also:earl or See also:viscount, and is always so used in the See also:case of a baron (which in English usage is generally confined to the holder of a See also:foreign title) . Where the name is territorial, the " of " is dropped, thus, the marquess of A., but Lord A . The younger sons of See also:dukes and marquesses have, by courtesy, the title of Lord prefixed to the See also:Christian and surname, e.g . Lord See also:John See also:Russell . In the case of bishops, the full and formal title of address is the Lord See also:Bishop of A., whether he be a spiritual peer or not .

Many high officials of the See also:

British See also:government have the word " lord " prefixed to their titles; some of them are treated in See also:separate articles; for lord privy See also:seal see PRIVY SEAL . In certain cases the members of a See also:board which has taken the See also:place of an See also:office of See also:state are known as lords commissioners or, shortly, lords of the office in question, e.g. lords of the See also:treasury, See also:civil or See also:naval lords of the See also:admiralty . For lord See also:lieutenant and lord See also:mayor see LIEUTENANT and MAYOR . As the proper See also:form of address " my lord " is used not only to those members of the nobility to whom the title " Lord " is applicable, and to bishops, but also to all See also:judges of the High See also:Court in See also:England, and of the Scottish and Irish Superior Courts, and to lord mayors and lord provosts (see also See also:LADY) .

End of Article: LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
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