LOS See also:

• ANDES

ANDES  , a former See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of See also:

• VENEZUELA

Venezuela under the redivision of 1881, which covered the extreme western See also:

• PART

part of the See also:

• REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

republic N. of See also:

• ZAMORA

Zamora and S. of Zulia . In the redivision of 1904 Los See also:

• ANDES

Andes was cut up into three states—See also:

• MERIDA
• MERIDA (anc. Augusta Emerita, capital of Lusitania)

Merida .Tachira and See also:

• TRUJILLO
• TRUJILLO, or TRUJILLO
• TRUJILLO, or TRUXILLO

Trujillo . . LOS ANGELES, a See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city and the See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county-seat of Los Angeles county, in See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern See also:

• CALIFORNIA
• CALIFORNIA, LOWER (Baja California)
• CALIFORNIA, UNIVERSITY OF

California, U.S.A., along the small Los Angeles See also:

• RIVER

river, in the foothills of the See also:

• SAN

San See also:

• GABRIEL (Heb. SKns, man of God)

Gabriel Mountains; a narrow See also:

• STRIP

strip, 18 m. See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long, joins the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main part of the city to its See also:

• WATER

water front on the ocean, San Pedro See also:

• BAY

Bay . Pop . (188o) 11,183, (1890) 50,395, (1900) 102,479, of whom 19,964 were See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign-See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born; 3 the growth in See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population since 1900 has been very rapid and in 1910 it was 319,198 . The city had in 1910 an See also:

• AREA

area of 85•r sq. m., of which more than one-See also:

• HALF

half has been added since 189o . Los Angeles is served by the Southern Pacific, the See also:

• ATCHISON

Atchison, See also:

• TOPEKA

Topeka & See also:

• SANTA

Santa Fe, and the San Pedro, Los Angeles & See also:

• SALT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zout, Ger. Salz, Scand. salt; cognate with Gr. &Xs, Lat. sal)
• SALT, SIR TITUS, BART

Salt See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

Lake See also:

• RAILWAYS

railways; by steamers to San Francisco; and by five systems .of See also:

• URBAN
• URBAN (Urbanus)

urban and suburban electric railways, which have 300 M. of track within the city and 700 M. within a See also:

• RADIUS

radius of 30 M. beyond its limits . Inclined railways ascend Third See also:

• STREET
• STREET, GEORGE EDMUND (1824-1881)

Street See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

Hill and See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

Court Street Hill, in the See also:

• HEART
• HEART, LUNG

heart of the city; and a See also:

• SYSTEM

system of subways extends from the centre of the city to its western limits . The See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour, San Pedro . Bay, originally open and naturally poor, has been greatly improved by the Federal See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government; a See also:

• BREAKWATER

breakwater 9250 ft. long was begun in 1898 and the See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

bar has been deepened, and further improvements of the inner harbour at See also:

• WILMINGTON

Wilmington (which is nearly landlocked by a long narrow See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island lying nearly See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east and See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west across its mouth) were begun in 1907 . Important municipal docks have been built by the city . The situation of the city between the mountains and the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea is attractive .

The site of the business See also:

• DISTRICT

district is level, and its See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan See also:

• REGULAR

regular; the suburbs are laid out on hills . Although not specifically a See also:

• HEALTH

health resort, Los Angeles enjoys a high ' They extend, however, to See also:

• FIJI
• FIJI (Viii)

Fiji, See also:

• TAHITI

Tahiti and Fanning Island . 2 Unless it be Oreopsittacus arfaki, of New See also:

• GUINEA

Guinea, remarkable as the only See also:

• PARROT (according to Skeat, from Fr. Perrot or Pies-rot, the diminutive of the proper name Pierrel)

parrot known as yet to have fourteen instead of twelve rectrices . 3 In addition to the large foreign-born population (4023 Germans, 3017 See also:

• ENGLISH

English, 2683 English Canadians, 1885 See also:

• CHINESE, JAPANESE AND

Chinese, 1720 Irish and smaller See also:

• NUMBERS, BOOK OF
• NUMBERS, PARTITION OF

numbers of See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French, Mexicans, Swedes, Italians, Scots, Swiss, Austrians, Danes, French Canadians, Russians, Norwegians, Welsh and See also:

• JAPANESE

Japanese) 26,105 of the native See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white inhabitants were of foreign parentage (i.e. had one or both parents not native born), so that only 54,121 white persons were of native parentage . See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German, French and See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian weekly papers are published in Los Angeles . reputation for its See also:

• CLIMATE

climate . From See also:

• JULY

July 1877 to 1908 (inclusive) the mean of the minima for See also:

• JANUARY

January, the coldest See also:

• MONTH
• MONTH (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maand, Dan. maaned, &c., and cognate with Lat. mensis, Gr. µi7v, &c., in other branches of the Indo-Germanic family; all ultimately from the root seen in the word for the moon in nearly all those languages

month of the See also:

• YEAR

year, was 44.16° F.; the mean of the minima for See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August, the warmest month, was 6o•1° F.; and the difference of the mean temperature of the coldest and the warmest month was about 18° F.; while on five days only in this See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period (and on no See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day in the years 1904–1908) did the See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official thermometer fall below 32° F . There are various See also:

• PLEASURE (through Fr. plaisir from Lat. placere, to please; Gr. rlbovii)

pleasure resorts in the mountains, and among seaside resorts are Santa Monica, Ocean See also:

• PARK (Fr. part; Ital. parco; Sp. Marque; O.Eng. pearroc; connected with Ger. pferch, fold, and pfarrei, district, translating med. Lat. parochia, parish)
• PARK, EDWARDS AMASA (1808–1900)
• PARK, MUNGO (1771-1806?)

Park, See also:

• VENICE
• VENICE (continued)
• VENICE (Venezia)

Venice, See also:

• PLAYA (a Spanish word meaning " shore ")

Playa del Rey, Hermosa, Redondo, Terminal Island, Long See also:

• BEACH

Beach, Alamitos Bay, See also:

• HUNTINGTON
• HUNTINGTON, DANIEL (1816-1906)
• HUNTINGTON, FREDERIC DAN (1819–1904)

Huntington Beach, See also:

• NEWPORT

Newport, See also:

• BALBOA, VASCO NU1EZ DE (c. 1475-1517)

Balboa and See also:

• CORONA (Lat. for " crown ")

Corona del See also:

• MAR, EARLDOM OF
• MAR, JOHN ERSKINE, 1ST OR 6TH EARL OF (d. 1572)
• MAR, JOHN ERSKINE, 2ND OR 7TH EARL
• MAR, JOHN ERSKINE, 6TH OR 11TH EARL OF (1675-1732)

Mar . There are excellent roads throughout the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country . Los Angeles has beautiful shade trees and a See also:

• WEALTH

wealth of semi-tropic vegetation . Its residential portions are characterized by detached homes set in ample and beautiful grounds . Towering See also:

• EUCALYPTUS

eucalyptus, graceful See also:

• PEPPER
• PEPPER, WILLIAM (1843–1898)

pepper trees, tropic palms, See also:

• RUBBER, INDIARUBBER

rubber trees, See also:

• GIANT (O.E. geant, through Fr. giant, O.Fr. gaiant, jaiant, jeant, med. pop. Lat. gagante—cf. Ital. gigante—by assimilation from gigantem, ace. of Lat. gigas, Gr. yiyas)

giant bananas, yuccas and a wonderful growth of See also:

• ROSES, WARS OF THE

roses, See also:

• HELIOTROPE
• HELIOTROPE, or TURNSOLE

heliotrope, calla lilies in hedges, See also:

• ORANGE
• ORANGE (Citrus Aurantium)
• ORANGE, HOUSE OF

orange trees, See also:

• JASMINE, or JESSAMINE

jasmine, giant geraniums and other See also:

• FLOWERS, ARTIFICIAL

flowers beautify the city throughout the year .

There are 22 parks, with about 3800 acres within or on the See also:

• BORDERS, THE

borders of the city limits; among the parks are See also:

• GRIFFITH, SIR RICHARD JOHN (1784-1878)

Griffith (3015 acres), Elysian (532 acres), See also:

• EASTLAKE, SIR CHARLES LOCK (1793-1865)

Eastlake (57 acres), Westlake (35 acres) and See also:

• ECHO (Gr. I'Xw)

Echo (38 acres) . The old See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish-Moorish See also:

• MISSION

mission See also:

• ARCHITECTURE (Lat. architectura, from the Gr. ap)(LTEKrwv, a master-builder)

architecture has considerably influenced See also:

• BUILDING

building styles . Among the important buildings are the Federal Building, the County Court See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House, the City See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

Hall, a County Hall of Records, the Public Library with about 11o,000 volumes in 1908, the large Auditorium and See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office buildings and the Woman's See also:

• CLUB (connected with " clump ")

Club . The exhibit in the Chamber of See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

Commerce Building illustrates the resources of southern California . Here also are the Coronel Collection, given in 1901 by Dona See also:

• MARIANA, JUAN DE (1536-1624)

Mariana, the widow of See also:

• DON
• DON (anc. Tanais)

Don See also:

• ANTONIO
• ANTONIO (1429—1498)
• ANTONIO, NICOLAS (1617-1684)

Antonio Coronel, and containing See also:

• RELICS (Lat, reliquiae, the equivalent of the English " remains " in the sense of a dead body)

relics of the Spanish and Mexican regime in California; and the See also:

• PALMER
• PALMER, EDWARD HENRY (1840-1882)
• PALMER, ERASTUS DOW (1817-1904)
• PALMER, GEORGE (1818-1897)
• PALMER, JOHN
• PALMER, RAY (1808-1887)
• PALMER, SAMUEL (1805-1881)
• PALMER, SIR CHARLES MARK, BART

Palmer Collection of See also:

• INDIAN

Indian antiquities . In Los Angeles also are the collections of the Southwest Society (1904; for southern California, See also:

• ARIZONA (from the Spanish-Indian Arizonac, of unknown meaning,—possibly " few springs,"-the name of an 18th-century mining camp in the Santa Cruz valley, just S. of the present border of Arizona)

Arizona and New See also:

• MEXICO
• MEXICO (Span. Mejico, or Mexico,)
• MEXICO, FEDERAL DISTRICT OF
• MEXICO, GULF OF

Mexico) of the Archaeological See also:

• INSTITUTE (from Lat. instituere, to establish or set up)

Institute of See also:

• AMERICA

America . On the outskirts of the city, near Eastlake Park, is the Indian Crafts See also:

• EXHIBITION

Exhibition, which contains rare collections of aboriginal handiwork, and where See also:

• INDIANS, NORTH AMERICAN

Indians may be seen making baskets, pottery and blankets . Of See also:

• INTEREST

interest to visitors is that part of the city called Sonora See also:

• TOWN

Town,with its See also:

• ADOBE (pronounced a-db-be; also corrupted to dobie; from the Span. adobar, to plaster, traceable through Arabic to an Egyptian hieroglyph meaning " brick ")

adobe houses, Mexican quarters, old Plaza and the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church of Our See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

Lady, See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen of the Angels (first erected in 1822; rebuilt in 1861), which contains interesting paintings by See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early Indian converts . Near Sonora Town is the district known as Chinatown . The See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal educational institutions are the University of Southern California (Methodist Episcopal, 188o), the Maclay See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College of See also:

• THEOLOGY

Theology and a preparatory school; Occidental College (Presbyterian, 1887), St See also:

• VINCENT (or VINCENTIUS), ST
• VINCENT, GEORGE (1796-1831?)
• VINCENT, MARY ANN (1818-1887)

Vincent's College (See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic, founded 1865; chartered 1869) and the Los Angeles State Normal School (1882) . The economic interests of Los Angeles centre in the culture of fruits . The surrounding country is very fertile when irrigated, producing oranges, lemons, See also:

• FIGS

figs and other semi-tropical fruits .

Thousands of artesian See also:

• WELLS
• WELLS, CHARLES JEREMIAH (1798?–1879)
• WELLS, DAVID AMES (1828—1898)
• WELLS, HERBERT GEORGE (1866— )
• WELLS, SIR THOMAS SPENCER, 1ST BART

wells have been bored, the region between Los Angeles, Santa See also:

• CLARA, SAINT (1194-1253)

Clara and San Bernardino being one of the most important artesian well regions of the See also:

• WORLD

world . The city, which then got its water See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply from the Los Angeles river See also:

• BED
• BED (a common Teutonic word, cf. German Bett, probably connected with the Indo-European root bhodh, seen in the Lat. fodere, to dig; so " a dug-out place " for safe resting, or in the same sense as a garden " bed ")

bed, in 1907 authorized the issue of $23,000,000 See also:

• WORTH
• WORTH, CHARLES FREDERICK (1825-1895)

worth of 4% bonds for the construction of an See also:

• AQUEDUCT (Lat. aqua, water, and ducere, to lead; Gr. apaymryeiov, apayeeywov, vlrovopos)

aqueduct 209 m. long, bringing water to the city from the See also:

• OWENS, JOHN (1790-1846)

Owens river, in the . Sierra See also:

• NEVADA
• NEVADA (a Spanish word meaning " snow-clad " or " snowy land," originally applied to a snow-capped mountain range on the Pacific slope)

Nevada Mountains . It was estimated that the project would furnish water for one million See also:

• PEOPLE

people, beside supplying See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power for See also:

• LIGHTING

lighting, manufacturing and transportation purposes . All the water in excess of the city's actual needs may be employed for See also:

• IRRIGATION (Lat. in, and rigare, to water or wet)

irrigation . See also:

• WORK

Work on the aqueduct was begun in 1908, and it was to be completed in five years . From 1900 to 1905 the value of the factory products increased from $15,133,696 to $34,$14,475 or 13o%, and the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital employed in manufactures from $10,045,095 to $28,181,418 or 180.5% . The leading manufacturing See also:

• INDUSTRIES

industries in 1905: with the product-value of each in this year, were slaughtering and See also:

• MEAT

meat-packing ($4,040,162), foundry and See also:

• MACHINE
• MACHINE (through Fr. from Lat. form machina of Gr. µnxavil)

machine See also:

• SHOP

shop work ($3,146,914), See also:

• FLOUR

flour and grist milling ($2,798,740), See also:

• LUMBER

lumber manufacturing and planing ($2,519,081), See also:

• PRINTING (from Lat. imprimere, O. Fr. empreindre)

printing and See also:

• PUBLISHING

publishing (See also:

• NEWSPAPERS

newspapers and See also:

• PERIODICALS

periodicals, $2,097,339; and See also:

• BOOK

book and See also:

• JOB

job printing, $1,278,841), See also:

• CAR (Late Lat. carra)

car construction and repairing ($1,549,836)—in 1910 there were railway shops here of the Southern Pacific, Pacific Electric, Los Angeles Street, Salt Lake and Santa Fe railways—and the manufacture of See also:

• CONFECTIONERY (from Lat. confectio, conficere, compound)

confectionery ($953,915),See also:

• FURNITURE (from " furnish," Fr. fournir)

furniture ($879,910) and See also:

• MALT (O. Eng., mealt; O. Sax., malt; O. Tent., maltos; Mod. Ger., Malz; Scand., malt; probably derived from the Sanskrit mrdu, soft, thus having reference to the fact that malt is raw grain rendered soft or tender)

malt liquors ($789,393) . The See also:

• CANNING, CHARLES JOHN, EARL (1812-1862)
• CANNING, GEORGE (1770-1827)

canning and preserving of fruits and vegetables are important industries . There is a large wholesale See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade with southern California, with Arizona and with the See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold-See also:

• FIELDS, JAMES THOMAS (1817-1881)

fields of Nevada, with which Los Angeles is connected by railway . Los Angeles is a See also:

• PORT

port of entry, but its foreign commerce is relatively unimportant . The value of its imports increased from $721,705 in 1905 to $1,654,549 in 1907; in 1908 the value was $1,193,552 .

The city's exports were valued at $45,000 in 1907 and at $306,439 in 1908 . The coastwise trade is in lumber (about 700,000,000 ft. annually), shipped from See also:

• NORTHERN

northern California, See also:

• OREGON

Oregon and See also:

• WASHINGTON
• WASHINGTON (or WASHINGTON COURT HOUSE)
• WASHINGTON, BOOKER TALIAFERRO (c. 1859– )
• WASHINGTON, BUSHROD (1762-1829)
• WASHINGTON, GEORGE (1732-1799)

Washington, and in crude oil and See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general merchandise . There are See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich oil-fields N. and W. of the city and wells throughout the city; See also:

• PETROLEUM (Lat. Petra, rock, and oleuin, oil)

petroleum is largely employed as See also:

• FUEL (O. Fr. feuaile, popular Lat. focalia, from focus, hearth, fire)

fuel in factories . The central See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field, the Second Street Park field in the city, was See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed between 1892 and 1895 and wells were drilled farther E. until in 1896 the eastern field was tapped with wells at Adobe and College streets; the wells within the city are gradually being abandoned . The western field and the western part of the central field were first worked in 1899–1900 . The Salt Lake field, controlled by the Salt Lake Oil See also:

• COMPANY

Company, near Rancho de Brea, W.S.W. of the city, first became important in 1902 and in 1907 it was the most valuable field in California, S. of Santa See also:

• BARBARA, SAINT

Barbara county, and the value of its product was $1,749,980 . In 1905 the value of petroleum refined in Los Angeles was $461,281 . See also:

• LAND

Land has not for many years been cheap (i.e. absolutely) in the southern Californian See also:

• FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit country, and See also:

• IMMIGRATION (from Lat. in, into, and tnigrare, to depart)

immigration has been, generally, of the comparatively well-to-do . This fact has greatly affected the See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character and development of the city . The assessed valuation of See also:

• PROPERTY

property increased more than threefold from 1900 to 1910, being $276,801,517 in the latter year, when the bonded city See also:

• DEBT (Lat. debitum, a thing owed)

debt was $17,259,312.50 . Since 1896 there has been a strong See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement in politics, marked by the organization of a See also:

• LEAGUE

League for Better City Government (1896) and a Municipal League (1900), and by the organization of postal primaries to secure the co-operation of See also:

• ELECTORS (Ger. Kurfursten, from Kilren, O.H.G. kiosan, choose, elect, and Furst, prince)

electors pledged to independent voting . Since 1904 the public school system has been administered by a non-See also:

• PARTISAN, or PARTIZAN

partisan See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

Board of See also:

• EDUCATION

Education chosen from the city at large, and not by wards as theretofore .

Los Angeles, like all other Californian cities, has the See also:

• PRIVILEGE

privilege of making and amending its own See also:

• CHARTER (Lat. charta, carta, from Gr. Xap-rns, originally for papyrus, material for writing, thence transferred to paper and from this material to the document, in O. Eng. boc, book)

charter, subject to the approval of the state legislature . In 1902 thirteen amendments were adopted, including provisions for the initiative, the See also:

• REFERENDUM

referendum and the recall . The last of these provides that 25% of the voters choosing a municipal officer may, by See also:

• SIGNING

signing a See also:

• PETITION (Lat. for " seeking " or " praying ")

petition for his recall, force a new See also:

• ELECTION
• ELECTION (from Lat. eligere, to pick out)

election during his See also:

• TERM

term of office and thereby remove him if another See also:

• CANDIDATE

candidate receives a greater number of votes . This See also:

• PROVISION (Lat. provisio)

provision, introducing an entirely new principle into the See also:

• AMERICAN

American governmental system, came into effect in January 1903, and was employed in the following year when a previously elected councilman who was ." recalled " by petition and was unsuccessful in the 1904 election brought suit to hold his office, and on a See also:

• MERE
• MERE, ADALBERT (1838-1909)

mere technicality the Supreme Court of the state declared the recall election invalid . In 1909 there was a recall election at which a See also:

• MAYOR (Lat. major, greater)
• MAYOR, JOHN EYTON BICKERSTETH (1825– )

mayor was removed and another chosen in his See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place . The See also:

• PUEBLO

Pueblo de Nuestra Senora la Reina de Ios Angeles was founded in 1781 . The Franciscan mission of San Gabriel—still a famous landmark—had been established ten years earlier a few See also:

• MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles eastward . Beginning about 1827, Los Angeles, being the largest pueblo of the territory, became a See also:

• RIVAL

rival of See also:

• MONTEREY

Monterey for the See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour of being the capital of California, was the seat of conspiracies to overthrow the Mexican authority, and the stronghold of the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South California party in the bickerings and struggles that lasted down to the American occupation . In 1835 it was made a city by the Mexican See also:

• CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

Congress, and declared the capital, but the last provision was not enforced and was soon recalled . In 1836–1838 it was the headquarters of C . A . Carrillo, a legally-named but never de facto See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of California, whose See also:

• JURISDICTION
• JURISDICTION, CRIMINAL LAW, DIVORCE

jurisdiction was never recognized in the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north; and in 1845–1847 it was the actual capital .

The city was See also:

• RENT

rent by factional quarrels when See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke out between Mexico and the See also:

• UNITED

United States, but the See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance of United States troops under See also:

• COMMODORE (a form of " commander"; in the 17th century the term " commandore " is used)

Commodore See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert F . See also:

• STOCKTON
• STOCKTON, FRANCIS RICHARD (1834–1902)

Stockton and General See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John C . See also:

• FREMONT
• FREMONT, JOHN CHARLES (1813-1890)

Fremont before Los Angeles caused both factions to unite against a See also:

• COMMON

common foe . The defenders of Los Angeles fled at the approach of the troops, and on the 13th of August 1846 the American See also:

• FLAG (or " FLAGGE," a common Teutonic word in this sense, but apparently first recorded in English)

flag was raised over the city . A See also:

• GARRISON
• GARRISON, WILLIAM LLOYD (1805-1879)

garrison of fifty men, See also:

• LEFT

left in See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control, was compelled in See also:

• OCTOBER

October to withdraw on See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of a revolt of the inhabitants, and Los Angeles was not retaken until General See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip See also:

• KEARNY
• KEARNY, PHILIP (1815—1862)

Kearny and Commodore Stockton entered the city on the 18th of January 1847 . This was the only important overt resistance to the See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment of the new regime in California . The city was chartered in 185o . It continued to grow steadily thereafter until it attained railway connexion with the Central Pacific and San Francisco in 1876, and with the East by the Santa Fe system in 1885 . The completion of the latter See also:

• LINE

line precipitated one of the most extraordinary of American railway See also:

• WARS

wars and land booms, which resulted in giving southern California a See also:

• GREAT

great stimulus . The growth of the city since 1890 has been even more remarkable . In 1909 the township of Wilmington (pop. in 1900, 2983), including the city of San Pedro (pop. in 1900, 1787), Colegrove, a suburb W.N.W. of the city, Cahuenga (pop. in 1900, 1586), a township N.W. of the former city limits, and a part of Los Feliz were annexed to the city .