See also:

• SIR

SIR See also:

• HUDSON
• HUDSON, GEORGE (180o-1871)
• HUDSON, HENRY
• HUDSON, JOHN (1662–1719)

HUDSON See also:

• LOWE, JOHANN KARL GOTTFRIED (1796-1869)
• SIR HUDSON LOWE (1769-1844)

LOWE (1769-1844)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general, was the son of an See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army surgeon, See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• LOWE, JOHANN KARL GOTTFRIED (1796-1869)
• LOWE, SIR HUDSON (1769-1844)

Lowe, and was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• GALWAY

Galway on the 28th of See also:

• JULY

July 1769 . His See also:

• MOTHER

mother was a native of that See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county . His childhood was spent in various See also:

• GARRISON
• GARRISON, WILLIAM LLOYD (1805-1879)

garrison towns but he was educated chiefly at See also:

• SALISBURY
• SALISBURY, EARLS OF
• SALISBURY, ROBERT ARTHUR TALBOT GASCOYNECECIL, 3RD MARQUESS OF (1830-1903)
• SALISBURY, ROBERT CECIL, 1ST EARL OF (c. 1565-1612)
• SALISBURY, THOMAS DE MONTACUTE, 4TH EARL OF (1388-1428)
• SALISBURY, WILLIAM LONGSWORD (or LONGESPEE), EARL OF (d. 1226)

Salisbury See also:

• GRAMMAR (from Lat. grammatica, sc. ars; Gr. ypaµ)

grammar school . He obtained a See also:

• POST

post as See also:

• ENSIGN (through the Fr. enseigne from the Latin plural insignia)

ensign in the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East See also:

• DEVON, EARLS OF

Devon See also:

• MILITIA (Fr. milice, Ger. Miliz, from Lat. miles, soldier, militia, military service)

Militia before his twelfth See also:

• YEAR

year, and subsequently entered his See also:

• FATHER

father's See also:

• REGIMENT (from Late Latin regimentum, rule, regere, to rule, govern, direct)

regiment, the 5oth, then at See also:

• GIBRALTAR

Gibraltar (1787) under See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

Governor-General O'Hara . After the outbreak of See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war with See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early in 1793, Lowe saw active service successively in See also:

• CORSICA (Fr. Corse)

Corsica, See also:

• ELBA (Gr. AiWaXla; Lat. Ilva)

Elba, See also:

• PORTUGAL

Portugal and See also:

• MINORCA(Menorca)

Minorca, where he was entrusted with the command of a See also:

• BATTALION

battalion of Corsican exiles, called The Corsican Rangers . With these he did See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• WORK

work in See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt in 1800-18o1 . After the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace of See also:

• AMIENS

Amiens, Lowe, now a See also:

• MAJOR
• MAJOR (Lat. for " greater ")
• MAJOR (or MAIR), JOHN (1470-1550)

major, became assistant quartermaster-general; but on the renewal of war with France in 1803 he was charged, as See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant-See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

colonel, to raise the Corsican battalion again and with it assisted in the See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence of See also:

• SICILY (Ital. Sicilia)

Sicily . On the See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture of See also:

• CAPRI (anc. Capreae)

Capri he proceeded thither with his battalion and a Maltese regiment; but in See also:

• OCTOBER

October 18o8 See also:

• MURAT, JOACHIM (1767—1815)

Murat organized an attack upon the See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island, and Lowe, owing to the unsteadiness of the Maltese troops and the want of succour by See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea, had to agree to evacuate the island . The terms in which See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• NAPIER
• NAPIER, JOHN (1550-1617)
• NAPIER, SIR CHARLES (1786-1860)
• NAPIER, SIR CHARLES JAMES (1782-1853)
• NAPIER, SIR WILLIAM FRANCIS PATRICK (1785-1860)

Napier and others have referred to Lowe's defence of Capri are unfair . His garrison consisted of 1362 men, while the assailants numbered between 3000 and 4000 . In the course of the year 1809 Lowe and his Corsicans helped in the capture of See also:

• ISCHIA (Gr. II19r)KO"va, Lat. Aenaria, in poetry Inarime)

Ischia and See also:

• PROCIDA (Gr. Ilpoxi ro, Lat. Prochyta)

Procida, as well as of See also:

• ZANTE (anc. Zacynthus)

Zante, See also:

• CEPHALONIA (Ital. Cefalonia, ancient and modern official Greek Cephallenia, Ke¢aXMvia)

Cephalonia and Cerigo . For some months he acted as governor of Cephalonia and See also:

• ITHACA
• ITHACA ('IeaK77)

Ithaca, and later on of See also:

• SANTA

Santa Maura .

He returned to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England in 1812, and in See also:

• JANUARY

January 1813 was sent to inspect a Russo-See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German See also:

• LEGION (Lat. legio)

legion then being formed, and he accompanied the armies of the See also:

• ALLIES, THOMAS WILLIAM (1813-1903)

allies through the See also:

• CAMPAIGNS

campaigns of 1813 and 1814, being See also:

• PRESENT

present at thirteen important battles . He won praise from See also:

• BLUCHER, GEBHARD LEBERECHT VON (1742—1819)

Blucher and See also:

• GNEISENAU, AUGUST WILHELM ANTON, COUNT

Gneisenau for his gallantry and See also:

• JUDGMENT

judgment . He was chosen to See also:

• BEAR
• BEAR, BLACK
• BEAR, BROWN
• BEAR, GRIZZLY
• BEAR, ISABELLINE
• BEAR, WHITE

bear to See also:

• LONDON

London the See also:

• NEWS

news of the first See also:

• ABDICATION (Lat. abdicatio, disowning, renouncing, from ab, from, and dicare, to declare, to proclaim as not belonging to one)

abdication of See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon in See also:

• APRIL

April 1814 . He was then knighted and became major-general; he also received decorations from the See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian and Prussian courts . Charged with the duties of quartermaster-general of the army in the See also:

• NETHERLANDS

Netherlands in 1814—1815, he was about to take See also:

• PART

part in the Belgian See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign when he was offered the command of the See also:

• BRITISH

British troops at See also:

• GENOA (anc. Genua, Ital. Genova, Fr. GPnes)

Genoa; but while still in the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south of France he received (on the 1st of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1815) news of his See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment to the position of custodian of Napoleon, who had surrendered to H.M.S . " See also:

• BELLEROPHON, or BELLEROPHONTES

Bellerophon " off See also:

• ROCHEFORT
• ROCHEFORT, HENRI, MARQUIS DE

Rochefort . Lowe was to be governor of St See also:

• HELENA
• HELENA, ST (c. 247-c. 327)

Helena, the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of the ex-See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor's See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile . On his arrival there at See also:

• PLANTATION (Lat. plantare, to plant)

Plantation See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House he found that Napoleon had already had scenes with See also:

• ADMIRAL

Admiral See also:

• COCKBURN, ALICIA, or ALISON (1713-1994)
• COCKBURN, HENRY THOMAS (1779–1854)
• COCKBURN, SIR ALEXANDER JAMES EDMUND
• COCKBURN, SIR GEORGE

Cockburn, of H.M.S . " See also:

• NORTHUMBERLAND
• NORTHUMBERLAND, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• NORTHUMBERLAND, JOHN DUDLEY, VISCOUNT LISLE, EARL OF WARWICK
• NORTHUMBERLAND, JOHN NEVILLE, EARL OF (c. 1430-1471)

Northumberland," and that he had sought to induce the former governor, Colonel Wilks, to infringe the regulations prescribed by the British See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government (see Monthly See also:

• REVIEW (Fr. revue, from revoir, to see again, Lat. re and videre)

Review, January 1901) . Napoleon and his followers at Longwood pressed for an See also:

• EXTENSION (Lat. ex, out ; tendere, to stretch)

extension of the limits within which he could move without surveillance, but it was not in Lowe's See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power to See also:

• GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
• GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
• GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
• GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
• GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
• GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
• GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
• GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
• GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
• GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
• GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
• GRANT, U
• GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)

grant this See also:

• REQUEST, LETTERS OF

request . Various matters, in some of which Lowe did not evince much tact, produced See also:

• FRICTION (from Lat. fricare, to rub)

friction between them . The news that See also:

• RESCUE (in Middle Eng. rescous, from O. Fr. recousse, Low Lat. rescussa, from reexcussa,reexcutere, to shake off again, re, again, ex, off, quatere, to shake)

rescue expeditions were being planned by the Bonapartists in the See also:

• UNITED

United States led to the enforcement of somewhat stricter regulations in October 1816, Lowe causing sentries to be posted See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round Longwood See also:

• GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

garden at sunset instead of at 9 P.M .

This was his See also:

• GREAT

great offence in the eyes of Napoleon and his followers . Hence their efforts to calumniate Lowe, which had a surprising success . O'Meara, the British surgeon, became Napoleon's See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man, and See also:

• LENT (0. Eng. lenclen, " spring," M. Eng. lenten, lente, lent; cf. Dut. lente, Ger. Lenz, " spring," 0. H. Ger. lenzin, lengizin, lenzo, probably from the same root as " long " and referring to " the lengthening days ")

lent himself to the campaign of calumny in which See also:

• LAS

Las Cases and See also:

• MONTHOLON, CHARLES TRISTAN, MARQUIS DE (1782-1853)

Montholon showed so much skill . In one of the suppressed passages of his See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

Journal Las Cases wrote that the exiles had to " reduce to a See also:

• SYSTEM

system our demeanour, our words, our sentiments, even our privations, in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order that we might thereby excite a lively See also:

• INTEREST

interest in a large portion of the See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population of See also:

• EUROPE

Europe, and that the opposition in England might not fail to attack the See also:

• MINISTRY

ministry." As to the privations, it may be noted that Lowe recommended that the government See also:

• ALLOWANCE (from "allow,' derived through 0. Fr. alouer from the two Lat. origins adlaudare, to praise, and allocare, to assign a place; so that the English word combined the general idea of "assigning with approval")

allowance of 8000 a year to the Longwood See also:

• HOUSEHOLD, ROYAL

household should be increased by one-See also:

• HALF

half . The charges of See also:

• CRUELTY (through the O. Fr. crualte, mod. cruaute, from the Lat. crudelitas)

cruelty brought against the governor by O'Meara and others have been completely refuted; and the most that can be said against him is that he was occasionally too suspicious in the See also:

• DISCHARGE (adapted from the O. Fr. discharge, modern decharge, from a med. Lat. discargare, to unload, dis- and earn care, to load, cf. " charge ")

discharge of his duties . After the See also:

• DEATH

death of Napoleon in May 1821, Lowe returned to England and received the thanks of See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George IV . On the publication of O'Meara's See also:

• BOOK

book he resolved to prosecute the author, but, owing to an unaccountable delay, the application was too See also:

• LATE

late . This fact, together with the reserved behaviour of Lowe, prejudiced the public against him, and the government did nothing to clear his reputation . In 1825—1830 he commanded the forces in See also:

• CEYLON

Ceylon, but was not appointedto the governorship when it See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell vacant in 1830 . In 1842 he became colonel of his old regiment, the loth; he also received the G.C.M.G . He died in 1844 . See W .

Forsyth, See also:

• HISTORY

History of the Captivity of Napoleon at St Helena (3 vols., London, 1853) ; See also:

• GOURGAUD, GASPAR, BARON (1783-1852)

Gourgaud, Journal inedite de Sainte-Hilene (1815–1818; 2 vols., See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1899); R . C . See also:

• SEATON, SIR JOHN COLBORNE

Seaton, Napoleon's Captivity in relation to Sir See also:

• HUDSON
• HUDSON, GEORGE (180o-1871)
• HUDSON, HENRY
• HUDSON, JOHN (1662–1719)

Hudson Lowe (London, 1903); Lieut.-See also:

• COL
• COL (Fr. for " neck," Lat. collum)

Col . See also:

• BASIL (Russ. VASILY)

Basil See also:

• JACKSON
• JACKSON, ANDREW (1767-1845)
• JACKSON, CYRIL (1746-1819)
• JACKSON, FREDERICK GEORGE (186o– )
• JACKSON, HELEN MARIA (1831–1885)
• JACKSON, MASON (c. 1820-1903)
• JACKSON, THOMAS (1579-1640)
• JACKSON, THOMAS JONATHAN (1824-1863)
• JACKSON, WILLIAM (1730-1803)

Jackson, Notes and Reminiscences of a See also:

• STAFF (O. Eng. staef, cf. Du. staf, Ger. Stab, &c.; Icel. stafr meant also a written letter, and O. Eng. stafas, the letters of the alphabet; " stave," one of the thin pieces of wood of which a cask is made, is a doublet)

Staff-Officer (London, 1903); the See also:

• EARL

earl of See also:

• ROSEBERY, ARCHIBALD PHILIP PRIMROSE, 5TH

Rosebery, Napoleon; the Last Phase (London 1900) ; J . H . See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

Rose, See also:

• NAPOLEONIC

Napoleonic Studies (London, 1904) . (J . HL .