See also:

• SIR

SIR See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

FREDERICK See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

JOHN DEALTRY See also:

• SIR FREDERICK JOHN DEALTRY LUGARD (1858- )

LUGARD (1858- )  , See also:

• BRITISH

British soldier, See also:

• AFRICAN

African explorer and See also:

• ADMINISTRATOR

administrator, son of the Rev . F . G . See also:

• LUGARD, SIR FREDERICK JOHN DEALTRY (1858- )

Lugard, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 22nd of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1858 . He entered the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army in 1878, joining the See also:

• NORFOLK
• NORFOLK, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Norfolk See also:

• REGIMENT (from Late Latin regimentum, rule, regere, to rule, govern, direct)

regiment . He served in the Afghan See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War of 1879-8o, in the See also:

• SUDAN (Arabic Bilad-es-Sudan, country of the blacks)

Sudan See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign of 1884-85, and in See also:

• BURMA

Burma in 1886-87 . In May 1888, while on temporary See also:

• HALF

half-pay, he took command of an expedition organized by the British settlers in Nyasaland against the Arab slave traders on See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

Lake See also:

• NYASA

Nyasa, and was severely wounded . He See also:

• LEFT

left Nyasaland in See also:

• APRIL

April 1889, and in the same See also:

• YEAR

year was engaged by the Imperial British See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa See also:

• COMPANY

Company . In their service he explored the See also:

• SABAKI

Sabaki See also:

• RIVER

river and the neighbouring region, and elaborated a See also:

• SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)

scheme for the emancipation of the slaves held by the See also:

• ARABS

Arabs in the See also:

• ZANZIBAR

Zanzibar mainland . In 1890 he was sent by the company to See also:

• UGANDA

Uganda, where he secured British predominance and put an end to the See also:

• CIVIL

civil disturbances, though not without severe fighting, chiefly notable for an unprovoked attack by the " See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French " on the " British " See also:

• FACTION (through the French, from Lat. factio, a company of persons combined for action, facere, to do; from the other French derivative facon comes " fashion ")

faction . While administering Uganda he journeyed See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round See also:

• RUWENZORI

Ruwenzori to See also:

• ALBERT
• ALBERT (1490'1545)
• ALBERT (149o-1568)
• ALBERT (1522–1557)
• ALBERT (FRANCIS CHARLES AUGUSTUS ALBERT EMMANUEL) (1819—1861)
• ALBERT (FRIEDRICH RUDOLF ALBRECHT)
• ALBERT, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS
• ALBERT, MADAME (c. 2805—2846)

Albert See also:

• EDWARD

Edward See also:

• NYANZA (from the ancient Bantu root word anza, a river or lake)

Nyanza, mapping a large See also:

• AREA

area of the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country . He also visited Albert Nyanza, and brought away some thousands of Sudanese who had been left there by Emin See also:

• PASHA

Pasha and H .

M . See also:

• STANLEY (FAMILY)
• STANLEY, ARTHUR PENRHYN (18x5–1881)
• STANLEY, EDWARD (1779-1849)
• STANLEY, SIR HENRY MORTON (184o-1904)
• STANLEY, SIR WILLIAM (1548-163o)
• STANLEY, THOMAS (1625-1678)

Stanley . In 1892 Lugard returned to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, where he successfully opposed the See also:

• ABANDONMENT (Fr. abandonnement, from abandonner, to abandon, relinquish; abandonner was originally equivalent to mettred banddn, to leave to the jurisdiction, i.e. of another, bandon being from Low Latin bandum, bannum, order, decree, " ban ")

abandonment of Uganda by See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain, a step then contemplated by the See also:

• FOURTH

fourth See also:

• GLADSTONE
• GLADSTONE, JOHN HALL (1827-1902)
• GLADSTONE, WILLIAM EWART (1809–1898)

Gladstone See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration . In 1894 Lugard was despatched by the Royal See also:

• NIGER
• NIGER, GAIUS PESCENNIUS

Niger Company to See also:

• BORGU, or BARBA

Borgu, where, distancing his French and See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German rivals in a country up to then unvisited by any Europeans, he secured See also:

• TREATIES

treaties with the See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings and chiefs acknowledging the See also:

• SOVEREIGNTY

sovereignty of the British company . In 1896–1897 he took See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of an expedition to Lake See also:

• NGAMI

Ngami on behalf of the British See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West Charterland Company . From Ngami he was recalled by the British See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government and sent to West Africa, where he was commissioned to raise a native force to protect British interests in the See also:

• HINTERLAND (German for " the land behind ")

hinterland of See also:

• LAGOS

Lagos and See also:

• NIGERIA

Nigeria against French aggression . In See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1897 he raised the West African Frontier Force, and commanded it until the end of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1899 . The See also:

• DIFFERENCES, CALCULUS OF (Theory of Finite Differences)

differences with See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France were then composed, and, the Royal Niger Company having surrendered its See also:

• CHARTER (Lat. charta, carta, from Gr. Xap-rns, originally for papyrus, material for writing, thence transferred to paper and from this material to the document, in O. Eng. boc, book)

charter, Lugard was chosen as high See also:

• COMMISSIONER

commissioner of See also:

• NORTHERN

Northern Nigeria . The See also:

• PART

part of Northern Nigeria under effective See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control was small, and Lugard's task in organizing this vast territory was rendered more difficult by the refusal of the See also:

• SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

sultan of See also:

• SOKOTO

Sokoto and many other See also:

• FULA (FULBE, FELLATAH or PEULS)

Fula princes to fulfil their treaty obligations . In 1903 a successful campaign against the emir of See also:

• KANO

Kano and the sultan of Sokoto rendered the See also:

• EXTENSION (Lat. ex, out ; tendere, to stretch)

extension of British control over the whole See also:

• PROTECTORATE

protectorate possible, and when in See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1906 he resigned his commissionership, the whole country was being peacefully administered under the supervision of British residents (see NIGERIA) . In April 1907 he was appointed See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of Hong-See also:

• KONG

Kong . Lugard was created a C.B. in 1895 and a K.C.M.G. in Igor .

He became a See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

colonel in 1905, and held the See also:

• LOCAL

local See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of brigadier-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general . He married in 1902 See also:

• FLORA

Flora See also:

• LOUISE [AUGUSTE WILHELMINE AMALIE LUISE] (1776-1810)

Louise See also:

• SHAW, GEORGE BERNARD (1856– )
• SHAW, HENRY WHEELER (1818–1885)
• SHAW, LEMUEL (1781–1861)
• SHAW, RICHARD NORMAN (1831– )

Shaw (daughter of See also:

• MAJOR
• MAJOR (Lat. for " greater ")
• MAJOR (or MAIR), JOHN (1470-1550)

Major-General See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George Shaw, C.B., R.A.), who for some years had been a distinguished writer on colonial subjects for The Times . See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick (then See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

Captain) Lugard published in 1893 The Rise of our East African See also:

• EMPIRE

Empire (partly auto-See also:

• BIOGRAPHICAL

biographical), and was the author of various valuable reports on Northern Nigeria issued by the Colonial See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

Office . Throughout his African administrations Lugard sought strenuously to secure the amelioration of the See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition of the native races, among other means by the exclusion, wherever possible, 'of alcoholic liquors, and by the suppression of slave raiding and See also:

• SLAVERY

slavery .