See also:

• LUSATIA (Ger. Lausitz)

LUSATIA (Ger. Lausitz)  , a name applied to two neighbouring districts in See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, Upper and See also:

• LOWER

Lower See also:

• LUSATIA (Ger. Lausitz)

Lusatia, belonging now II mainly to See also:

• PRUSSIA
• PRUSSIA (Ger. Preussen; Lat. Borussia)

Prussia, but partly to See also:

• SAXONY
• SAXONY (Ger. Provinz Sachsen)

Saxony . The name is taken from the Lusitzi, a Slav tribe, who inhabited Lower Lusatia in the 9th and loth centuries . In the earliest times Lower Lusatia reached from the See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

Black See also:

• ELSTER

Elster to the See also:

• SPREE

Spree; its inhabitants, the Lusitzi, were conquered by the See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king, See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry the See also:

• FOWLER, CHARLES (1792-1867)
• FOWLER, EDWARD (1632-1714)
• FOWLER, JOHN (1826-1864)
• FOWLER, SIR JOHN (1817-1898)
• FOWLER, WILLIAM (c. 156o-1614)

Fowler, and by the See also:

• MARGRAVE (Ger. Markgraf)

margrave See also:

• GERO (c. 900-965)

Gero in the loth See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . Their See also:

• LAND

land was formed into a See also:

• SEPARATE

separate See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

march, which for about three centuries was sometimes attached to, and sometimes See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent of, the margraviate of See also:

• MEISSEN

Meissen, its rulers being occasionally called margraves of Lusatia . In 1303 it was See also:

• PURCHASED

purchased by the margrave of See also:

• BRANDENBURG

Brandenburg, and after other changes it See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell in 1368 into the hands of the king of Bohemia, the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles IV., who already possessed Upper Lusatia . During the Hussite See also:

• WARS

wars its See also:

• PEOPLE

people remained loyal to the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church . In 1469 they recognized See also:

• MATTHIAS
• MATTHIAS (1557-1619)

Matthias See also:

• CORVINUS, JANOS [JOHN] (1473–1504)

Corvinus, king of See also:

• HUNGARY
• HUNGARY (Hungarian Magyarorszdg)

Hungary, as their See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign, but in 1490 they came again under the See also:

• RULE

rule of the Bohemian king . The See also:

• DISTRICT

district now known as Upper Lusatia was occupied by a Slav tribe, the Milzeni, who like the Lusitzi, were subdued by Henry the Fowler See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early in the loth century . For about three centuries it was called Baudissin (See also:

• BAUTZEN (Wendish Budissin, " town ")

Bautzen), from the name of its See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal fortress . In the 11th and 12th centuries it was connected at different periods with Meissen, See also:

• POLAND (Polish Polska, Ger. Polen), (see POLAND, RUSSIAN, below)
• POLAND, RUSSIAN

Poland and Bohemia . To-wards 116o the emperor See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick I. granted it to Ladislas, king of Bohemia, and under this ruler and his immediate successors it was largely colonized by German immigrants . In 1253 it passed to the margrave of Brandenburg, and about the same See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time it was divided into an eastern and a western See also:

• PART

part, Baudissin proper and See also:

• GORLITZ

Gorlitz .

In 1319 the former was restored to Bohemia, which also recovered Gorlitz in 1329 . During the 14th century the nobles and the townsmen began to take part in the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government, and about this time Upper Lusatia was known as the district of the six towns (Sechsstodtelandes), these being Bautzen, Gorlitz, See also:

• ZITTAU

Zittau, See also:

• LOBAU

Lobau, See also:

• LAUBAN

Lauban and See also:

• KAMENZ

Kamenz . From 1377 to 1396 Gorlitz was a separate duchy ruled by Johrt, a son of the emperor Charles IV., and, like Lower Lusatia, Upper Lusatia owned the authority of Matthias Corvinus from 1469 to 1490, both districts passing a little later with the kingdoms of Hungary and Bohemia to the German king, See also:

• FERDINAND
• FERDINAND (1577-1650)
• FERDINAND (COLOGNE)
• FERDINAND (Span. Fernando or Hernando; Ital. Ferdinando or Ferrante; in O. H. Ger. Herinand, i.e. " brave in the host," from O. H. G. Heri, "army," A. S. here, Mod. Ger. Heer, and the Goth. nan]jan, " to dare ")
• FERDINAND, MAXIMILIAN KARL LEOPOLD MARIA

Ferdinand I . The " six towns " were severely punished for their See also:

• SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share in the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war of the See also:

• LEAGUE

league of See also:

• SCHMALKALDEN

Schmalkalden, and about this time the reformed teaching made very rapid progress in Lusatia, the See also:

• MAJORITY (Fr. majorite; Med. Lat. majoritas; Lat. major, greater)

majority of the inhabitants becoming Protestants . The name of Lusatia hitherto confined to Lower Lusatia, was soon applied to both districts, the adjectives Upper and Lower being used to distinguish them . In 1620, early in the See also:

• THIRTY

Thirty Years' War, the two Lusatias were conquered by the elector of Saxony, See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George I., who was allowed to keep them as the See also:

• PRICE
• PRICE, BARTHOLOMEW (1818–1898)
• PRICE, BONAMY (1807-1888)
• PRICE, RICHARD (1723-1791)

price of his assistance to the emperor Ferdinand I . In 1635 by the treaty of See also:

• PRAGUE (Ger. Prag; Bohemian Praha)

Prague they were definitely transferred from Bohemia to Saxony, although the emperor as king of Bohemia retained a certain supremacy for the purpose of guarding the rights and privileges of the Roman Catholics . They suffered much during the wars of the 18th century . By the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace of See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna (1815) the whole of Lower Lusatia and part of Upper Lusatia were transferred from Saxony to Prussia . The See also:

• AREA

area of the part of Upper Lusatia retained by Saxony was slightly increased in 1845; it is now about 96o sq. m . In 1900 Lower Lusatia contained 461,973 inhabitants, of whom 34,837 were See also:

• WENDS

Wends; the portion of Upper Lusatia belonging to Prussia had 305,080 inhabitants, of whom 24,361 were Wends . There were 405,173 inhabitants, including 28,234 Wends, in Saxon Upper Lusatia .

See also:

• LAWS

Laws See also:

• RELATING

relating to this district, after passing through the Saxon See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament must be submitted to the Lusatian See also:

• DIET

diet at Bautzen . The See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief towns of Upper Lusatia are Bautzen, Zittau, Lobau, Kamenz, Gorlitz, Rothenburg, Hoyerswerda and Lauban; in Lower Lusatia they are See also:

• GUBEN

Guben, Kottbus, See also:

• FORST (originally FORSTA or FORSTE)

Forst, See also:

• LUBBEN

Lubben and See also:

• SPREMBERG

Spremberg . The principal See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers are the Spree with its tributaries, the Black Elster and the See also:

• NEISSE

Neisse . Upper Lusatia is generally mountainous and picturesque, Lower Lusatia is See also:

• FLAT (a modification of O. Eng. flet, an obsolete word of Teutonic origin, meaning the ground beneath the feet)

flat and sandy . The chief See also:

• INDUSTRIES

industries are See also:

• LINEN

linen See also:

• WEAVING

weaving, See also:

• CLOTH

cloth making and See also:

• COAL

coal See also:

• MINING

mining . For the See also:

• HISTORY

history of Lusatia see the collections, Scriptores rerum Lusaticarum anliqui et recentiores, edited by C . G . See also:

• HOFFMANN, AUGUST HEINRICH (1798–1874)
• HOFFMANN, ERNST THEODOR WILHELM (1776-1822)
• HOFFMANN, JOHANN JOSEPH (1805-1878)

Hoffmann (4 vols., See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig and Bautzen, 1719) ; and Scriptores rerum Lusaticarum (4 vols., Gorlitz, 1839-1870) . See also W . Lippert, Wettiner and Witielsbacher sowie See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

die Niederlausitz See also:

• IM(K2+a2+h2—2 ah cos 0)

im 14 Jahrhundert (See also:

• DRESDEN

Dresden, 1894) ; T . Scheltz, Gesamtgeschichte der Ober- and Niederlausitz, See also:

• BAND

Band i . (See also:

• HALLE (known as HALLE-AN-DER-SAALE, t0 distinguish it from the small town of Halle in Westphalia)
• HALLE, SIR CHARLES (originally KARL HALLE) (1819-1895)

Halle, 1847), Band ii .

(Gorlitz, 1882) ; J . G . Worbs, Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte See also:

• DES

des Markgraftums Niederlausitz (Lubber 1897) ; and J . A . E . Kohler, Die Geschichte der Oberlausitz (Gorlitz, 1867) .