LUSIGNAN  , the name of a See also:

• FAMILY

family which sprang from See also:

• POITOU

Poitou' and distinguished itself by its connexion with the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom of See also:

• JERUSALEM (Heb. ^S0-r, Yerushalaim, pronounced as a dual)
• JERUSALEM, SYNOD OF (1672)

Jerusalem, and still more by its See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• TENURE (Fr. tenure, from Lat. tenere, to hold)

tenure of the kingdom of See also:

• CYPRUS
• CYPRUS, CHURCH OF

Cyprus (1192-1475) . A See also:

• HUGH
• HUGH, ST

Hugh de Lusignan appears in the See also:

• ILL

ill-fated crusade of Iloo-Ilor; another Hugh, the See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

Brown, came as a See also:

• PILGRIM

pilgrim to the See also:

• HOLY

Holy See also:

• LAND

Land in 1164, and was taken prisoner by Nureddin . In the last See also:

• QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

quarter of the 12th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century the two See also:

• BROTHERS, RICHARD (1757-1824)

brothers See also:

• AMALRIC
• AMALRIC (Fr. AMAURY) OF BENA (d. c. 1204-1207)

Amalric and See also:

• GUY, THOMAS (1644–1724)

Guy, sons of Hugh the Brown, played a considerable See also:

• PART

part in the See also:

• HISTORY

history of the Latin See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East . About 1180 Amalric was See also:

• CONSTABLE (0. Fr. connestable, Fr. connetable, Med. Lat. comestabilis, conestabilis, constabularius, from the Lat. comes stabuli, count of the stable)
• CONSTABLE, ARCHIBALD (1774-1827)
• CONSTABLE, HENRY (1562-1613)
• CONSTABLE, JOHN (1776-1837)
• CONSTABLE, SIR MARMADUKE (c. 1455-1518)

constable of the kingdom of Jerusalem; and he is said to have brought his handsome See also:

• BROTHER

brother Guy to the See also:

• NOTICE

notice of Sibylla, the widowed heiress of the kingdom.' Guy and Sibylla were married in 1180; and Guy thus became See also:

• HEIR (Lat. heres, from a root meaning to grasp, seen in heres or erus, master of a house, Gr. xeip, hand, Sans. hat ana, hand)

heir presumptive of the kingdom, if the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young See also:

• BALDWIN, JAMES MARK (1861– )
• BALDWIN, ROBERT (1804–1858)

Baldwin V., Sibylla's son by her first See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage to See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William of See also:

• MONTFERRAT, COUNT OF

Montferrat, should See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

die without issue . He acted as See also:

• REGENT (from Lat. regere, to rule)

regent in 1183, but he showed some incapacity in the struggle with See also:

• SALADIN (Arab. Sala-ud-din, " Honouring the Faith ") (1138—1193)

Saladin, and was deprived of all right of See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession . In 1186, however, on the See also:

• DEATH

death of Baldwin V., he succeeded in obtaining the See also:

• CROWN

crown, in spite of the opposition of See also:

• RAYMUND

Raymund of See also:

• TRIPOLI
• TRIPOLI (Tarabulus el-Gharb, i.e. Tripoli of the West)
• TRIPOLI, or TARABULUS (anc. Tripolis)

Tripoli . Next See also:

• YEAR

year he suffered a crushing defeat at the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of Hittin, and was taken prisoner by Saladin . Released on See also:

• PAROLE (shortened from the Fr. parole d'honneur, word of honour)

parole in 1188, he at once See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke his parole, and began the See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege of See also:

• ACRE
• ACRE, or AQUIRY

Acre . Difficulties, however, had arisen with See also:

• CONRAD (d. 955)
• CONRAD, JOSEPH (1856– )
• CONRAD, or KONRAD (M. H. Ger. Kuonrdl, i.e. " keen in counsel," Lat. Conradus, It. Corrado, cf. the A.S. Ccenred)

Conrad of Montferrat; and when Guy lost his wife Sibylla in 1190, and Conrad married See also:

• ISABELLA (1451-15o4)
• ISABELLA, ISABEAU

Isabella, her See also:

• SISTER

sister, now heiress of the kingdom, these difficulties culminated in Conrad's laying claim to the crown . Guy found his cause espoused in 1191 by the overlord of his See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house, See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard I. of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England; but Conrad's See also:

• SUPERIOR

superior ability, and the support of the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French crusaders, ultimately carried the See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day, and in 1192 Richard himself abandoned the pretensions of Guy, and recognized Conrad as See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king . Though Conrad was almost immediately assassinated, the crown did not ' A See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of the See also:

• LINE

line continued in Poitou during the 13th century, and ruled in LaMarche till 1303 . Hugh de la See also:

• MARCHE
• MARCHE, or LA MARCHE

Marche, whose betrothed wife, Isabella of See also:

• ANGOULEME
• ANGOULEME, CHARLES DE VALOIS, DUKE OF (1573-1650)

Angouleme, King See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John of England seized (thus bringing upon himself the loss of the greater part of his French possessions), was a See also:

• NEPHEW

nephew of Guy of Lusignan .

He ultimately married Isabella, after the death of John, and had by her a number of sons, See also:

• HALF

half-brothers of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry III. of England, who came over to England, amongst other See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign favourites, during his reign . return to Guy, but went to Henry of See also:

• CHAMPAGNE

Champagne, who married the widowed Isabella . Guy found some See also:

• SATISFACTION (Lat. salisfacerc, to satisfy)

satisfaction for his loss in buying from the See also:

• TEMPLARS

Templars the See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island of Cyprus, and there he reigned for the last two years of his See also:

• LIFE

life (1192–1194) . He is judged harshly by contemporary writers, as simplex and insufficiens; but Dodu (in his Histoire See also:

• DES

des institutions du royaume de Jerusalem) suggests that Guy was depreciated because the kingdom had been lost in his reign, in much the same way as See also:

• GODFREY, SIR EDMUND BERRY (1621-1678)

Godfrey of See also:

• BOUILLON

Bouillon was exalted because Jerusalem had just been won at his See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession . Guy was a brave if not a particularly able See also:

• KNIGHT, CHARLES (1791-1873)
• KNIGHT, DANIEL RIDGWAY (1845– )
• KNIGHT, JOHN BUXTON (1843–1908)

knight; and his instant attack on Acre after his See also:

• RELEASE (O.Fr. reles, variant of relais, from relaisser, to release, let go, Lat. relaxare)

release by Saladin shows that he had the sentiment de ses devoirs . He was succeeded in Cyprus by his brother Amalric, who acquired the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of king of Cyprus from the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor Henry VI., and became king of Jerusalem in 1197 by his marriage to Isabella, after the death of Henry of Champagne (see AMALRIC II.) . Amalric was the founder of a See also:

• DYNASTY (Gr. &vvaareta, sovereignty, the position of a hevnori7r, lord, ruler, from SuvaaBay to be able, Suvaµas, power)

dynasty of See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings of Cyprus, which lasted till 1475, while after 1269 his descendants regularly enjoyed the title of kings of Jerusalem . The scions of the house of Lusignan proved themselves the most sincere of crusaders . They possessed in Cyprus a kingdom, in which they had vindicated for themselves a stronger hold over their feudatories than the kings of Jerusalem had ever enjoyed, and in which trading centres like See also:

• FAMAGUSTA (Gr. Ammochostos)

Famagusta flourished vigorously; and they used the resources of their kingdom, in See also:

• CONJUNCTION (from Lat. conjungere, to join together)

conjunction with the Hospitallers of See also:

• RHODES
• RHODES, CECIL JOHN (1853-1902)
• RHODES, JAMES FORD

Rhodes, to check the progress of the Mahommedans . Among the most famous members of the house who ruled in Cyprus three may be mentioned . The first is Hugh III . (the See also:

• GREAT

Great), who was king from 1267 to 1285: to him, apparently, St See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas dedicated his De Regimine Principum; and it is in his reign that the kingdom of Jerusalem becomes permanently connected with that of Cyprus .

The second is Hugh IV . (13 24-1359), to whom See also:

• BOCCACCIO, GIOVANNI (1313-1375)

Boccaccio dedicated one of his See also:

• WORKS

works, and who set on See also:

• FOOT

foot an See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance with the See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope, See also:

• VENICE
• VENICE (continued)
• VENICE (Venezia)

Venice and the Hospitallers, which resulted in the See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture of See also:

• SMYRNA (Ismir)

Smyrna (1344)• The last is See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter I., Hugh's second son and successor, who reigned from 1359 to 1369, when he was assassinated as the result of a See also:

• CONSPIRACY (from Lat. conspirare, literally to breathe together, to agree, combine, and especially to form a secret plot)

conspiracy of the barons . Peter and his See also:

• CHANCELLOR (M. Eng. and Anglo-Fr. canceler, chanceler, Fr. chancelier, Lat. cancellarius)

chancellor de See also:

• MEZIERES, PHILIPPE DE (c. 1327—1405)

Mezieres represent the last flicker of the crusading spirit (see See also:

• CRUSADES

CRUSADES) . Before the extinction of the line in 1495, it had succeeded in putting a branch on the See also:

• THRONE

throne of See also:

• ARMENIA (old Persian Armina, Armenian Hayasdan, or Hayq)

Armenia . Five See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short-lived kings of the house ruled in Armenia after 1342, " Latin exiles," as See also:

• STUBBS [STUBBES], PHILIP (c. 1555-c. 161o)
• STUBBS [STUnnE], JOHN
• STUBBS, WILLIAM (1825-1901)

Stubbs says, " in the midst of several See also:

• STRANGE, SIR ROBERT (1721-1792)

strange populations all alike hostile." The kingdom of Armenia See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell before the See also:

• SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

sultan of See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt, who took prisoner its last king See also:

• LEO
• LEO (THE LION)
• LEO, BROTHER (d. c. 1270)
• LEO, HEINRICH (1799-1878)
• LEO, JOHANNES (c. 1494-1552)
• LEO, LEONARDO (1694–1744)

Leo V. in 1375, though the kings of Cyprus afterwards continued to See also:

• BEAR
• BEAR, BLACK
• BEAR, BROWN
• BEAR, GRIZZLY
• BEAR, ISABELLINE
• BEAR, WHITE

bear 'the title; the kingdom of Cyprus itself continued to exist under the house of Lusignan for too years longer . The See also:

• MOTHER

mother of the last king, See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James III . (who died when he was two years old), was a Venetian See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

lady, Catarina See also:

• CORNARO, CATERINA (1454-1510)
• CORNARO, LUIGI (1457–1566)

Cornaro . She had been made a daughter of the See also:

• REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

republic at the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of her marriage to the king of Cyprus; and on the death of her See also:

• CHILD
• CHILD, FRANCIS JAMES (1825-1896)
• CHILD, L
• CHILD, LYDIA MARIA (1802-1880)
• CHILD, SIR FRANCIS (1642-1713)
• CHILD, SIR JOHN (d. 1690)
• CHILD, SIR JOSIAH (163o - 1699)

child the republic first acted as See also:

• GUARDIAN

guardian for its daughter, and then, in 1489, obtained from her the cession of the island . See J . M . J . L. de Mas-Latrie, Histoire de See also:

• FILE

file de Chypre sous See also:

• LES

les princes de la maison de Lusignan (See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1852–1853); W .

Stubbs, Lectures on See also:

• MEDIEVAL

Medieval and See also:

• MODERN

Modern History (3rd ed., See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford, 19oo) .