LUXEMBURG  , or LtiTZELBURG (i.e. the little fortress or See also:

• TOWN

town), the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of the See also:

• GRAND

grand-duchy of the same name (see above), situated on the Alzette, a tributary of the Sflre . Pop . (1905) 20,984 . The situation is romantic, steep" cliffs over-See also:

• HANGING

hanging the winding See also:

• RIVER

river, and the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal portion of the town with the See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace and public buildings covering a centralplateau . The more densely populated parishes of See also:

• CLAUSEN, GEORGE (1852- )

Clausen, Pfaffenthal and Grund See also:

• LIE, JONAS LAURITZ EDEMIL (1833—1908)
• LIE, MARIUS SOPHUS (1842–1899)

lie in the valley . As a fortress Luxemburg was considered the strongest in See also:

• EUROPE

Europe after See also:

• GIBRALTAR

Gibraltar, which it was supposed to resemble because many of its casemates were cut into the See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

rock . It was dismantled in 1867 . Two See also:

• COLOSSAL

colossal viaducts carry the railway and the approach from the railway station to the town . Since the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place ceased to be a fortress the See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population has more than doubled, and the Alzette is lined with tanneries, breweries and distilleries . The Hotel de Ville See also:

• DATES

dates from 1844 and contains a collection of antiquities . The See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of Notre See also:

• DAME
• DAME (through the Fr. from Lat. domina, mistress, lady, the feminine of dominus, master, lord)

Dame was built in 1613, and that of St See also:

• MICHAEL
• MICHAEL (1596-1645)
• MICHAEL (Hebrew Sn,q, " Who is like God? ")

Michael, with parts dating from 1320, contains the See also:

• TOMB (Gr. Tuµ/3a, Tuµ(3os, probably allied to Lat. tumulus, literally a swelling, tumere, to swell)

tomb of See also:

• BLIND, MATHILDE (1841—1896)

blind See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John of Luxemburg, See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of Bohemia, slain at See also:

• CRECY (Cressy)

Crecy . There are two See also:

• ANNUAL

annual fete days, one in See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour of Our See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

Lady of Luxemburg, patroness of the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city, held on the See also:

• SUNDAY

Sunday before See also:

• ASCENSION
• ASCENSION, FEAST OF THE

Ascension See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

Day, and the other the annual See also:

• FAIR

fair or Schobermesse (See also:

• TENT

tent fair), instituted in 1340 and held each See also:

• YEAR

year on the 24th of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August .

LUXEUIL-See also:

• LES

LES-BAINS, a town of eastern See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, in the See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of Haute-See also:

• SAONE

Saone, 18 m . N.E. of See also:

• VESOUL

Vesoul . Pop . (1906) 5195 . It is situated in a region of forests on the right See also:

• BANK

bank of the Breuchin . It has an See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

abbey-church dating from the 13th and 14th centuries, containing a curious 17th-See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century See also:

• ORGAN

organ See also:

• LOFT (connected with " lift," i.e. raised in the air; O. Eng. lyft; cf. Ger. Luft; the French term is grenier and Ger. Boden)

loft in the See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of an immense See also:

• BRACKET

bracket supported by a colossal figure of See also:

• HERCULES
• HERCULES (0. Lat. Hercoles, Hercles)

Hercules . The See also:

• ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
• ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
• ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
• ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
• ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)

abbot's palace (16th and 18th centuries) serves as See also:

• PRESBYTERY

presbytery and town See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall . A See also:

• CLOISTER (Lat. claustrum; Fr. cloitre; Ital. chiostro; Span. claustro; Ger. Kloster)

cloister of the 15th century and other buildings of the 17th century also remain . There are several mansions and houses dating from various periods from the 14th to the 16th century . The Maison Carl-6e, once the town hall, an interesting specimen of 15th-century See also:

• ARCHITECTURE (Lat. architectura, from the Gr. ap)(LTEKrwv, a master-builder)

architecture, was built by Perrin See also:

• JOUFFROY, JEAN (c. 1412–1473)
• JOUFFROY, THEODORE SIMON (1796-1842)

Jouffroy, See also:

• FATHER

father of See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

Cardinal Jouffroy . The cardinal, who was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Luxeuil in 1412, built the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house with a graceful See also:

• BALCONY (Ital. balcone from balco, scaffold; cf. O. H. Ger. balcho, beam, Mod. Ger. Balken, Eng. balk)

balcony and See also:

• TURRET (from O. Fr. tourette, diminutive of tour, tower, mod. Fr. tourelle)

turret which faces the Maison Carree . The Maison de la Baille and the Maison See also:

• FRANCOIS (1558-1614)

Francois I. are of the See also:

• RENAISSANCE, THE

Renaissance See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period .

The See also:

• FINE

fine See also:

• MODERN

modern See also:

• GRAMMONT (the Flemish name Gheeraardsbergen more clearly reveals its • etymology . Gerardi-mons)

Grammont See also:

• HOSPITAL (Lat. haspitalis, the adjective of hospes, host or guest)

Hospital is in the See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style of See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis XIII . Luxeuil is renowned for its See also:

• MINERAL

mineral springs, of which there are seventeen, two being ferruginous, and the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest charged with chloride of See also:

• SODIUM [symbol Na, from Lat. natrium; atomic weight 23.00 (0=16)]

sodium; their temperatures range from 7o° to 158° F . The See also:

• WATER

water is employed for drinking and for See also:

• BATHS

baths . The bathing See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment contains a museum of Gallo-See also:

• ROMAN

Roman antiquities and there are also remains of Roman baths and aqueducts to be seen in or near it . Luxeuil has a communal See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college . See also:

• COPPER (symbol Cu, atomic weight 63.1, H=1, or 63.6, O = 16)

Copper-See also:

• FOUNDING (from Lat. fundere, to pour)

founding, the See also:

• SPINNING (from O. Eng. spinnen, to spin, cf. Ger. spinnen, &c., the Teut. root is seen, to draw out, cf. span, spider)

spinning and See also:

• WEAVING

weaving of See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

cotton, See also:

• LACE (corresponding to Ital. merletto, trina; Genoese Pizzo; Ger. spitzen; Fr. dentelle; Dutch kanten; Span. encaje; the English word owes something to the Fr. lassis or laces, but both are connected with the earlier Lat. laqueus; early French laces were

lace-making, See also:

• DYEING (0. Eng. dedgian, dealt ; Mid. Eng. deyen)

dyeing and the distilling of See also:

• KIRSCH (or KIRSCHENWASSER)

kirsch are carried on . Luxeuil was the Roman Lixovium and contained many fine buildings at the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of its destruction by the See also:

• HUNS

Huns under See also:

• ATTILA (d. 453)

Attila in 451 . In 590 St Calumban here founded a monastery, afterwards one of the most famous in Franche See also:

• COMTE, AUGUSTE [ISIDORE AUGUSTE MARIE FRANCOIS XAVIER] (1798-1857)

Comte . In the 8th century it was destroyed by the See also:

• SARACENS

Saracens; afterwards rebuilt, monastery and town were devastated by the See also:

• NORMANS

Normans in the 9th century and pillaged on several occasions afterwards . The abbey See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools were celebrated in the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages and the abbots had See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence; but their See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power was curtailed by the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles V. and the abbey was suppressed at the Revolution . See H . See also:

• BEAUMONT
• BEAUMONT, BELMONT, or BELLOMONT
• BEAUMONT, CHRISTOPHE DE (1703-1781)
• BEAUMONT, SIR JOHN (1583–1627)

Beaumont, Etude Kist. sur l'abbaye de Luxeuil, 590-1790 (Lux .

1895) ; Grandmongin and A . See also:

• GARNIER, CLEMENT JOSEPH (1813–1881)
• GARNIER, GERMAIN, MARQUIS (1754-1821)
• GARNIER, JEAN LOUIS CHARLES (1825-1898)
• GARNIER, MARIE JOSEPH FRANCOIS [FRANCIS] (1839–1873)
• GARNIER, ROBERT (c. 1545–c.1600)

Garnier, Hist. de la ville et See also:

• DES

des thermes"de Luxeuil (See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1866), with 16 plates .